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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Niko Wanders; Mathias Hauser; Chris Funk; Chris Funk; +11 Authors

    Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions; temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Imperial College Lon...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/79...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bh...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Imperial College Lon...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/79...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bh...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2021
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zavaleta-Cortijo C.; Ford J.D.; Arotoma-Rojas I.; Lwasa S.; +11 Authors

    Les populations autochtones sont particulièrement exposées au risque de COVID-19 en raison de facteurs tels que la discrimination, l'exclusion sociale, la dépossession de terres et une forte prévalence des formes de malnutrition.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al. La santé des peuples autochtones et tribaux (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration) : une étude démographique. 2016 ; 388: 131-157Sommaire Texte intégral Texte intégral PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar Le changement climatique aggrave bon nombre de ces causes d'inégalités en matière de santé, sapant les mécanismes d'adaptation qui sont traditionnellement utilisés pour gérer des événements extrêmes tels que les pandémies et perturbant les systèmes alimentaires et les régimes alimentaires locaux.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La résilience des peuples autochtones aux changements environnementaux.Une Terre. 2020 ; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Addressing underlying structural inequities and strengthening Indigenous knowledge systems offer opportunities for building resilience to compound socioecological shock, including climate effects and pandemics. Le changement climatique affecte les systèmes alimentaires autochtones, ce qui rend les populations autochtones vulnérables à l'insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle.3Rapport spécial du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat : réchauffement climatique de 1,5°C.https ://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date : 2018Date d'accès : 24 juillet 2020Google Scholar La nature et l'étendue des effets de la COVID-19 sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones sont encore largement inconnues, mais les résultats directs comprennent la mortalité due à une maladie grave, un accès réduit à la nourriture, des changements dans l'alimentation locale et des pertes économiques résultant des confinements. Ces résultats présentent des obstacles au rétablissement des populations déjà confrontées à d'importants défis nutritionnels. Les effets des pandémies précédentes sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones ont affecté les enfants en particulier, lorsque les adultes sont tombés malades et que l'accès à la nourriture des ménages a été réduit.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J Mortalité associée à l'influenza pendant la pandémie de grippe de 1918–1919 en Alaska et au Labrador : une comparaison.Soc Sci Hist. 2013 ; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Prestation de services de santé inadéquate pour les populations autochtones, y compris un accès limité à desservices culturellement sûrs ,5Brascoupé S Waters C Sécurité culturelle explorant l'applicabilité du concept de sécurité culturelle à la santé autochtone et au bien-être communautaire.Int J Indigen Health. 2006 ; 5: 6-41Google Scholar ajoute une autre couche de complexité face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Les effets du changement climatique compromettent la sécurité alimentaire des Autochtones, ce qui compromet la résilience des populations autochtones aux pandémies. Dans le même temps, les perturbations de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et les implications sanitaires qui en résultent pour les populations autochtones pendant les pandémies exacerbent leur vulnérabilité au changement climatique. Dans ce contexte, la compréhension, le renforcement et la protection des systèmes alimentaires autochtones dans le contexte du changement climatique doivent être une pierre angulaire de la reprise post-pandémique. En Amazonie péruvienne, certaines communautés autochtones Shawi ont choisi de s'isoler dans la forêt pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.6Zavaleta C COVID-19 : examiner les données des peuples autochtones.Nature. 2020 ; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar Ces communautés s'appuient sur les régimes alimentaires traditionnels et les connaissances autochtones des systèmes alimentaires locaux, et elles ont peu de disponibilité et d'accessibilité aux programmes d'aide alimentaire externes et gouvernementaux. Au cours de cette auto-isolement, la dépendance aux systèmes alimentaires autochtones est inextricablement liée aux connaissances autochtones sur la terre, les rivières et la biodiversité, qui comprennent la connaissance des techniques locales de conservation et de préparation des aliments.7 Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al. De multiples facteurs non climatiques d'insécurité alimentaire renforcent les trajectoires de mauvaise adaptation au changement climatique chez les Shawi autochtones péruviens en Amazonie.PLoS One. 2018 ; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar Cependant, la nourriture de la forêt est affectée par la perte de biodiversité et de végétation : les vagues de chaleur, les variations de précipitations et les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes plus fréquents et intenses sont tous liés à la déforestation et au changement climatique et sont aggravés par un affaiblissement des compétences traditionnelles de chasse et de pêche en raison des changements climatiques et sociétaux.6 Zavaleta C COVID-19 : examiner les données des peuples autochtones.Nature. 2020 ; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al.Changements du climat et de l'utilisation des terres dans la région amazonienne : variabilité et tendances actuelles et futures.Front Earth Sci. 2018 ; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar In the Arctic, Inuit are witnessing some of the most rapid rates of warming worldwide.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report : global warming of 1,5°C .https ://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date : 2018Date d'accès : 24 juillet 2020Google Scholar L'éloignement de la région et les restrictions de voyage ont contribué à freiner la propagation de la COVID-19 ; cependant, les perturbations des réseaux d'approvisionnement ont eu des effets sur la disponibilité alimentaire dans les communautés qui dépendent de la nourriture au détail acheminée par avion depuis les régions du sud. Pour gérer ces perturbations, récolter et partager des aliments locaux, ce qui est largement pratiqué dans de nombreuses régionsarctiques9, Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar a aidé à maintenir la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. Simultanément, cependant, ces systèmes alimentaires autochtones locaux ont été compromis par des extrêmes climatiques, notamment des températures record, la sécheresse et les incendies de forêt. En Ouganda, certaines populations autochtones (par exemple, Batwa) ont adhéré aux mesures COVID-19, notamment la distanciation physique, le maintien à la maison et l'évitement des centres commerciaux en raison de la foule, qui compromet la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle en limitant l'accès aux marchés. En outre, l'aide alimentaire gouvernementale en temps opportun n'a pas atteint de manière adéquate les populations autochtones. Le confinement prolongé en Ouganda, en particulier dans les districts frontaliers où vivent de nombreuses populations autochtones, a entravé leur mobilité pour accéder aux zones forestières pour la recherche de nourriture, l'accès aux communautés voisines pour offrir de la main-d' œuvre pour l'échange de nourriture et l'accès aux champs agricoles pour la production alimentaire. Ces défis sont exacerbés par les effets climatiques existants, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar, y compris les récentes inondations en 2019 qui ont endommagé les cultures, compromis la productionalimentaire ,10Chang' a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al. Évaluation de l'évolution et des impacts socio-économiques des précipitations extrêmes en octobre 2019 sur l'Afrique de l'Est. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020 ; 10: 319-338Google Scholar et a réduit la résilience des populations autochtones lorsque la pandémie de COVID-19 a frappé. Le changement climatique remet en question la résilience des systèmes alimentaires autochtones avec des répercussions directes et immédiates sur la santé et la nutrition des populations autochtones.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La résilience des peuples autochtones aux changements environnementaux.Une Terre. 2020 ; 2: 532-543Résumé Texte intégral PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Dans notre monde hautement connecté, la pandémie de COVID-19 a facilement voyagé à travers les continents, atteignant des zones géographiques éloignées et des communautés autochtones en moins de 6 mois. Il existe une fenêtre d'opportunité vitale pour soutenir les populations autochtones qui font face au double fardeau syndémique des risques socioécologiques composés et en cascade, tels que le changement climatique et les pandémies, en donnant la priorité à la protection des principales sources alimentaires autochtones (par exemple, les forêts tropicales, les écosystèmes arctiques), en renforçant et en soutenant l'importance des systèmes de connaissances autochtones, en améliorant l'accès à des ressources sanitaires culturellement sûres et en sauvegardant l'accès et les droits à la terre et aux ressources naturelles des populations autochtones. Le moment est venu de veiller à ce que les décisions et les trajectoires de développement actuelles ne compromettent pas davantage la résilience des systèmes alimentaires autochtones, qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la réponse des populations autochtones aux pandémies et aux changements climatiques actuels et futurs. Cette publication en ligne a été corrigée. La version corrigée est apparue pour la première fois sur thelancet.com/planetary-health le 9 septembre 2020. Cette publication en ligne a été corrigée. La version corrigée est apparue pour la première fois sur thelancet.com/planetary-health le 9 septembre 2020. Nous ne déclarons aucun intérêt concurrent. CZ-C a été soutenu par le National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), en utilisant le financement de l'aide publique au développement du Royaume-Uni, et par Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) dans le cadre du partenariat NIHR–Wellcome pour la recherche en santé mondiale. CZ-C est membre du Groupe de recherche sur la santé autochtone et l'adaptation au changement climatique. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F et SLH sont financés par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada dans le cadre du programme Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change. JJM reconnaît le soutien de l'Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), des Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program de Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health), Fondecyt (National Fund for Scientific, Technological Development and Technological Innovation) via Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica), British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), Department for International Development, Medical Research Council (MRC) et Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grands Défis Canada (0335-04), Centre de recherches pour le développement international Canada (CRDI 106887, 108167), Institut interaméricain de recherche sur le changement global (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), Institut national du cancer (1P20CA217231), Institut national du cœur, des poumons et du sang (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), Institut national de la santé mentale (1U19MH098780), Fonds national suisse pour la science (40P740-160366), Bienvenu (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), et la World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). Les opinions exprimées sont celles des auteurs et pas nécessairement celles de Wellcome, du NIHR ou du ministère de la Santé et des Affaires sociales. Les sources de financement n'ont joué aucun rôle dans la préparation de ce commentaire ou dans la décision de soumettre pour publication. Nous reconnaissons la contribution de Matthew King. Télécharger .pdf (.12 Mo) Aide avec les fichiers pdf Annexe supplémentaire Correction à Lancet Planet Health 2020 ; 4 : e381-82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Changement climatique et COVID-19 : renforcer les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Lancet Planet Health 2020 ; 4 : e381-82 - Dans ce commentaire, le nom du septième auteur devrait être « J Jaime Miranda ». Cette correction a été apportée en date du 9 septembre 2020. Texte intégral PDF Open AccessSupport Indigenous food system biocultural diversityLe commentaire de Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo et de ses collègues1 était opportun pour souligner les défis auxquels sont confrontés les peuples autochtones en raison des effets combinés du changement climatique, de la COVID-19 et des inégalités de longue date. Bien que la pression sur les moyens de subsistance autochtones ne soit pas nouvelle, les effets actuels sont extrêmes, à la fois en termes de décès dus au virus et de perturbations des modes de vie, y compris les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Texte intégral PDF en libre accès Las poblaciones indígenas corren un riesgo especialmente alto de COVID-19 debido a factores como la discriminación, la exclusión social, el despojo de tierras y una alta prevalencia de formas de malnutrición.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al.Ind Indigenous and tribal peoples 'health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study.Lancet. 2016; 388: 131-157Resumen Texto completo PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar El cambio climático está agravando muchas de estas causas de desigualdades en la salud, socavando los mecanismos de afrontamiento que tradicionalmente se utilizan para gestionar eventos extremos como pandemias e interrumpiendo los sistemas alimentarios y las dietas locales.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La resiliencia de los pueblos indígenas al cambio ambiental. Una sola Tierra. 2020; 2: 532-543Resumen Texto completo Texto completo PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Abordar las desigualdades estructurales subyacentes y fortalecer los sistemas de conocimiento indígenas ofrece oportunidades para desarrollar la resiliencia a los choques socioecológicos compuestos, incluidos los efectos climáticos y las pandemias. El cambio climático está afectando a los sistemas alimentarios indígenas, lo que hace que las poblaciones indígenas sean vulnerables a la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional.3Informe especial del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático: calentamiento global de 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Fecha de acceso: 24 de julio de 2020Google Scholar La naturaleza y el alcance de los efectos de COVID-19 en los sistemas alimentarios indígenas aún se desconocen en gran medida, pero los resultados directos incluyen la mortalidad por enfermedades graves, la reducción del acceso a los alimentos, los cambios en la dieta local y las pérdidas económicas derivadas de los confinamientos. Estos resultados presentan impedimentos para la recuperación de las poblaciones que ya enfrentan desafíos nutricionales sustanciales. Los efectos de pandemias anteriores en los sistemas alimentarios indígenas afectaron a los niños en particular, cuando los adultos se enfermaron y se redujo el acceso a los alimentos en el hogar.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J La mortalidad asociada a la influenza durante la pandemia de influenza de 1918–1919 en Alaska y Labrador: una comparación.Soc Sci Hist. 2013; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Prestación inadecuada de servicios de salud para las poblaciones indígenas, incluido el escaso acceso a servicios culturalmente seguros ,5Brascoupé S Waters C Seguridad cultural explorando la aplicabilidad del concepto de seguridad cultural a la salud aborigen y el bienestar de la comunidad. Int J Indigen Health. 2006; 5: 6-41Google Scholar añade otra capa de complejidad ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los efectos del cambio climático socavan la seguridad alimentaria indígena, lo que a su vez compromete la resiliencia de las poblaciones indígenas a las pandemias. Al mismo tiempo, las interrupciones en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y las consiguientes implicaciones para la salud de las poblaciones indígenas durante las pandemias exacerban su vulnerabilidad al cambio climático. En este contexto, comprender, reforzar y proteger los sistemas alimentarios indígenas en el contexto de un clima cambiante debe ser una piedra angular de la recuperación posterior a la pandemia. En la Amazonía peruana, algunas comunidades indígenas shawi han optado por aislarse en el bosque durante la pandemia de COVID-19.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: revisar los datos de los pueblos indígenas. Naturaleza. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar Estas comunidades confían en las dietas tradicionales y el conocimiento indígena de los sistemas alimentarios locales, y tienen poca disponibilidad y accesibilidad a los alimentos externos y a los programas gubernamentales de ayuda alimentaria. Durante este autoaislamiento, la dependencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas está inextricablemente vinculada al conocimiento indígena sobre la tierra, los ríos y la biodiversidad, que incluye el conocimiento de las técnicas locales para preservar y preparar alimentos.7Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al. Múltiples impulsores no climáticos de la inseguridad alimentaria refuerzan las trayectorias de mala adaptación al cambio climático entre los indígenas Shawi peruanos en la Amazonía.PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar Sin embargo, los alimentos del bosque se ven afectados por la biodiversidad y la pérdida de vegetación: las olas de calor, la variación de las precipitaciones y los eventos climáticos extremos más frecuentes e intensos están relacionados con la deforestación y el cambio climático y se ven agravados por un debilitamiento de las habilidades tradicionales de caza y pesca como resultado de los cambios climáticos y sociales.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: revisar los datos de los pueblos indígenas. Naturaleza. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al. Cambios en el clima y el uso de la tierra en la región amazónica: variabilidad y tendencias actuales y futuras. Front Earth Sci. 2018; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar En el Ártico, los inuit son testigos de algunas de las tasas de calentamiento más rápidas a nivel mundial.3Informe especial del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático: calentamiento global de 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Fecha de acceso: 24 de julio de 2020Google Scholar La lejanía de la región y las restricciones de viaje han ayudado a reducir la propagación de COVID-19; sin embargo, las interrupciones en las redes de suministro han tenido efectos en la disponibilidad de alimentos en las comunidades que dependen de los alimentos minoristas que llegan desde las regiones del sur. Para gestionar estas interrupciones, cosechar y compartir alimentos locales, que se practica ampliamente en muchas regiones árticas ,9HarperSL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar ha ayudado a mantener la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, estos sistemas alimentarios indígenas locales se han visto comprometidos por los extremos climáticos, incluidas las temperaturas récord, la sequía y los incendios forestales. En Uganda, algunas poblaciones indígenas (por ejemplo, Batwa) se han adherido a las medidas de COVID-19, incluido el distanciamiento físico, quedarse en casa y evitar los centros comerciales debido a las multitudes, que desafían la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional al restringir el acceso a los mercados. Además, la ayuda alimentaria gubernamental oportuna no ha llegado adecuadamente a las poblaciones indígenas. El confinamiento prolongado en Uganda, particularmente para los distritos fronterizos donde viven muchas poblaciones indígenas, ha obstaculizado su movilidad para acceder a las áreas boscosas para alimentarse, el acceso a las comunidades cercanas para ofrecer mano de obra para el intercambio de alimentos y el acceso a los campos agrícolas para la producción de alimentos. Estos desafíos se ven exacerbados por los efectos climáticos existentes ,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar, incluidas las recientes inundaciones en 2019 que dañaron los cultivos, comprometieron la producción de alimentos ,10Chang 'a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al. Evaluación de la evolución y los impactos socioeconómicos de las precipitaciones extremas en octubre de 2019 en el este de África. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020; 10: 319-338Google Scholar y redujo la resiliencia de las poblaciones indígenas cuando llegó la pandemia de COVID-19. El cambio climático desafía la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas con repercusiones directas e inmediatas para la salud y la nutrición de las poblaciones indígenas.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change. One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Resumen Texto completo Texto completo PDF Scopus (122) Google Académico En nuestro mundo altamente conectado, la pandemia de COVID-19 ha viajado fácilmente a través de continentes, llegando a ubicaciones geográficas remotas y comunidades indígenas en menos de 6 meses. Existe una ventana de oportunidad vital para apoyar a las poblaciones indígenas que enfrentan la carga doble y sindémica de los peligros socioecológicos compuestos y en cascada, como el cambio climático y las pandemias, priorizando la protección de las fuentes clave de alimentos indígenas (por ejemplo, los bosques tropicales, los ecosistemas árticos), reforzando y apoyando la importancia de los sistemas de conocimiento indígenas, mejorando el acceso a recursos de salud culturalmente seguros y salvaguardando el acceso y los derechos a la tierra y los recursos naturales de las poblaciones indígenas. Este es el momento de garantizar que las decisiones actuales y las trayectorias de desarrollo no pongan en peligro aún más la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas, que tienen un papel integral en la respuesta de las poblaciones indígenas a las pandemias y los cambios climáticos actuales y futuros. Esta publicación en línea ha sido corregida. La versión corregida apareció por primera vez en thelancet.com/planetary-health el 9 de septiembre de 2020. Esta publicación en línea ha sido corregida. La versión corregida apareció por primera vez en thelancet.com/planetary-health el 9 de septiembre de 2020. Declaramos que no hay intereses en competencia. CZ-C recibió el apoyo del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud (NIHR), utilizando los fondos de la Asistencia Oficial para el Desarrollo del Reino Unido, y de Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) en el marco de la Asociación NIHR–Wellcome para la Investigación en Salud Global. CZ-C es miembro del Grupo de Investigación de Salud y Adaptación Indígena al Cambio Climático. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F y SLH están financiados por los Institutos Canadienses de Investigación en Salud a través del programa de Adaptación de la Salud Indígena al Cambio Climático. JJM reconoce el apoyo de Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program en Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (a través de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte en Chapel Hill), Fondecyt (Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y la Innovación Tecnológica) a través de Cienciactiva en Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica), British Council, Embajada Británica y el Fondo Newton-Paulet (223-2018, 224-2018), Departamento de Desarrollo Internacional, Consejo de Investigación Médica (MRC) y Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), y la World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). Las opiniones expresadas son las de los autores y no necesariamente las de Wellcome, el NIHR o el Departamento de Salud y Asistencia Social. Las fuentes de financiación no tuvieron ningún papel en la preparación de este Comentario o en la decisión de enviarlo para su publicación. Reconocemos la contribución de Matthew King. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Cambio climático y COVID-19: reforzando los sistemas alimentarios indígenas. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381-82-En este Comentario, el nombre del séptimo autor debe ser "J Jaime Miranda". Esta corrección se ha realizado a partir del 9 de septiembre de 2020. PDF de texto completo Acceso abiertoApoyar la diversidad biocultural del sistema alimentario indígenaEl comentario de Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo y sus colegas1 fue oportuno al enfatizar los desafíos que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas debido a los efectos combinados del cambio climático, COVID-19 y las desigualdades de larga data. Aunque la presión sobre los medios de vida indígenas no es nada nuevo, los efectos actuales son extremos, tanto en términos de muertes debido al virus como de interrupciones en las formas de vida, incluidos los sistemas alimentarios indígenas. Acceso abierto en PDF de texto completo Indigenous populations are at especially high risk from COVID-19 because of factors such discrimination, social exclusion, land dispossession, and a high prevalence of forms of malnutrition.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al.Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet–Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study.Lancet. 2016; 388: 131-157Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar Climate change is compounding many of these causes of health inequities, undermining coping mechanisms that are traditionally used to manage extreme events such as pandemics, and disrupting food systems and local diets.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change.One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Addressing underlying structural inequities and strengthening Indigenous knowledge systems offer opportunities for building resilience to compound socioecological shocks, including climate effects and pandemics. Climate change is affecting Indigenous food systems, making Indigenous populations vulnerable to food and nutritional insecurity.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report: global warming of 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020Google Scholar The nature and extent of the effects of COVID-19 on Indigenous food systems are still largely unknown, but the direct results include mortality from severe illness, reduced access to food, changes in local diet, and economic losses resulting from lockdowns. These outcomes present impediments to the recovery of populations already facing substantial nutritional challenges. The effects of previous pandemics on Indigenous food systems affected children in particular, when adults became ill and household food access was reduced.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J Influenza-associated mortality during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: a comparison.Soc Sci Hist. 2013; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Inadequate health service provision for Indigenous populations, including scant access to culturally safe services,5Brascoupé S Waters C Cultural safety exploring the applicability of the concept of cultural safety to aboriginal health and community wellness.Int J Indigen Health. 2006; 5: 6-41Google Scholar adds another layer of complexity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Effects of climate change undermine Indigenous food security, in turn compromising the resilience of Indigenous populations to pandemics. At the same time, disruptions to food and nutrition security and the resulting health implications for Indigenous populations during pandemics exacerbate their vulnerability to climate change. In this context, understanding, reinforcing, and protecting Indigenous food systems in the context of a changing climate must be a cornerstone of post-pandemic recovery. In the Peruvian Amazon, some Shawi Indigenous communities have chosen to self-isolate in the forest during the COVID-19 pandemic.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: review Indigenous peoples' data.Nature. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar These communities are relying on traditional diets and Indigenous knowledge of local food systems, and they have little availability and accessibility to external food and government food-aid programmes. During this self-isolation, reliance on Indigenous food systems is inextricably linked to Indigenous knowledge about the land, rivers, and biodiversity, which includes knowledge of local techniques to preserve and prepare food.7Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al.Multiple non-climatic drivers of food insecurity reinforce climate change maladaptation trajectories among Peruvian Indigenous Shawi in the Amazon.PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar However, food from the forest is being affected by biodiversity and vegetation loss: heatwaves, precipitation variation, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are all related to deforestation and climate change and are compounded by a weakening of traditional hunting and fishing skills as a result of climatic and societal changes.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: review Indigenous peoples' data.Nature. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al.Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends.Front Earth Sci. 2018; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar In the Arctic, Inuit are witnessing some of the most rapid rates of warming globally.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report: global warming of 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020Google Scholar The remoteness of the region and travel restrictions have helped curtail the spread of COVID-19; however, disruptions to supply networks have had effects on food availability in communities that rely on retail food flown in from southern regions. To manage these disruptions, harvesting and sharing local foods, which is widely practiced in many Arctic regions,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar has helped maintain food and nutrition security. Simultaneously, however, these local Indigenous food systems have been compromised by climatic extremes, including record-breaking temperatures, drought, and wildfires. In Uganda, some Indigenous populations (eg, Batwa) have adhered to COVID-19 measures, including physical distancing, staying home, and avoiding trading centres because of crowds, which challenge food and nutrition security by restricting access to markets. Furthermore, timely government food aid has not adequately reached Indigenous populations. The extended lockdown in Uganda, particularly for border districts where many Indigenous populations live, has hampered their mobility to access forested areas for foraging, access to nearby communities to offer labour for food exchange, and access to agricultural fields for food production. These challenges are exacerbated by existing climate effects,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar including recent flooding in 2019 that damaged crops, compromised food production,10Chang'a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al.Assessment of the evolution and socio-economic impacts of extreme rainfall events in October 2019 over the east Africa.Atmos Clim Sci. 2020; 10: 319-338Google Scholar and reduced the resilience of Indigenous populations when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Climate change challenges the resilience of Indigenous food systems with direct and immediate repercussions for the health and nutrition of Indigenous populations.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change.One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar In our highly connected world, the COVID-19 pandemic has easily travelled across continents, reaching remote geographical locations and Indigenous communities in less than 6 months. There is a vital window of opportunity to support Indigenous populations who face the double and syndemic burden of compound and cascading socioecological hazards, such as climate change and pandemics, by prioritising the protection of key Indigenous food sources (eg, tropical forests, Arctic ecosystems), by reinforcing and supporting the importance of Indigenous knowledge systems, by improving access to culturally safe health resources, and by and safeguarding access and rights to land and natural resources of Indigenous populations. This is the time to ensure that current decisions and development trajectories do not further jeopardise the resilience of Indigenous food systems, which have integral roles in the response of Indigenous populations to current and future pandemics and climatic changes. This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com/planetary-health on September 9, 2020 This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com/planetary-health on September 9, 2020 We declare no competing interests. CZ-C was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), using the UK's Official Development Assistance funding, and by Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) under the NIHR–Wellcome Partnership for Global Health Research. CZ-C is member of the Indigenous Health and Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F, and SLH are funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research through the Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change programme. JJM acknowledges support from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), the Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program at Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health), Fondecyt (National Fund for Scientific, Technological Development and Technological Innovation) via Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica), British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), Department for International Development, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), and the World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Wellcome, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funding sources had no role in the preparation of this Comment or in the decision to submit for publication. We acknowledge the contribution of Matthew King. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Climate change and COVID-19: reinforcing Indigenous food systems. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82—In this Comment, the seventh author's name should be "J Jaime Miranda". This correction has been made as of Sept 9, 2020. Full-Text PDF Open AccessSupport Indigenous food system biocultural diversityThe Comment by Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo and colleagues1 was timely in emphasising the challenges faced by Indigenous peoples due to the combined effects of climate change, COVID-19, and longstanding inequities. Although pressure on Indigenous livelihoods is nothing new, current effects are extreme, both in terms of deaths due to the virus and disruptions to lifeways, including Indigenous food systems. Full-Text PDF Open Access السكان الأصليون معرضون بشكل خاص لخطر الإصابة بـ COVID -19 بسبب عوامل مثل التمييز والاستبعاد الاجتماعي ومصادرة الأراضي والانتشار العالي لأشكال سوء التغذية .1 أندرسون أنا روبسون ب كونولي م وآخرون. صحة الشعوب الأصلية والقبلية (التعاون العالمي لمعهد لانسيت- لويتجا): دراسة سكانية. 2016 ؛ 388: 131-157 ملخص النص الكامل الكامل PDF PubMed Scopus (592) يضاعف الباحث العلمي من Google تغير المناخ العديد من هذه الأسباب لعدم المساواة الصحية، مما يقوض آليات التكيف التي تستخدم تقليديًا لإدارة الأحداث المتطرفة مثل الأوبئة، وتعطيل النظم الغذائية والوجبات الغذائية المحلية.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL مرونة الشعوب الأصلية في مواجهة التغير البيئي. 2020 ؛ 2: 532-543 ملخص النص الكامل للنص الكامل PDF Scopus (122) الباحث العلمي من Google معالجة أوجه عدم المساواة الهيكلية الكامنة وتعزيز أنظمة المعرفة الأصلية توفر فرصًا لبناء القدرة على الصمود أمام الصدمات الاجتماعية البيئية المعقدة، بما في ذلك الآثار المناخية والأوبئة. يؤثر تغير المناخ على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين، مما يجعل السكان الأصليين عرضة لانعدام الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي .3 الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ تقرير خاص: الاحترار العالمي بمقدار 1·5 درجات مئوية .https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date:2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020 الباحث من Google لا تزال طبيعة ومدى آثار COVID -19 على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين غير معروفة إلى حد كبير، ولكن النتائج المباشرة تشمل الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض الشديدة، وانخفاض الوصول إلى الغذاء، والتغيرات في النظام الغذائي المحلي، والخسائر الاقتصادية الناتجة عن عمليات الإغلاق. وتمثل هذه النتائج عوائق أمام تعافي السكان الذين يواجهون بالفعل تحديات غذائية كبيرة. أثرت آثار الأوبئة السابقة على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين على الأطفال على وجه الخصوص، عندما أصبح البالغون مرضى وانخفض الوصول إلى الغذاء المنزلي .4 Mamelund S - E Sattenspiel L Dimka J الوفيات المرتبطة بالأنفلونزا خلال جائحة الأنفلونزا 1918–1919 في ألاسكا ولابرادور: مقارنة .Soc Sci Hist. 2013 ؛ 37: 177-229 الباحث العلمي من Google عدم كفاية تقديم الخدمات الصحية للسكان الأصليين، بما في ذلك الوصول الضئيل إلى الخدمات الآمنة ثقافيًا، 5 السلامة الثقافية في براسكوبي إس ووترز سي التي تستكشف إمكانية تطبيق مفهوم السلامة الثقافية على صحة السكان الأصليين وصحة المجتمع. Int J Indigen Health. 2006 ؛ 5: 6-41 يضيف الباحث العلمي من Google طبقة أخرى من التعقيد في مواجهة جائحة كوفيد-19. تقوض آثار تغير المناخ الأمن الغذائي للسكان الأصليين، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى تقويض قدرة السكان الأصليين على مواجهة الأوبئة. وفي الوقت نفسه، تؤدي الاضطرابات في الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي وما ينتج عنها من آثار صحية على السكان الأصليين أثناء الأوبئة إلى تفاقم تعرضهم لتغير المناخ. وفي هذا السياق، يجب أن يكون فهم النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين وتعزيزها وحمايتها في سياق تغير المناخ حجر الزاوية في التعافي بعد الجائحة. في منطقة الأمازون في بيرو، اختارت بعض مجتمعات السكان الأصليين الشاوي العزل الذاتي في الغابة خلال جائحة كوفيد-19 .6 Zavaleta C COVID -19: مراجعة بيانات الشعوب الأصلية .الطبيعة. 2020 ؛ 580: 185 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) الباحث العلمي من Google تعتمد هذه المجتمعات على النظم الغذائية التقليدية ومعرفة السكان الأصليين بالنظم الغذائية المحلية، ولديهم القليل من التوافر وإمكانية الوصول إلى الغذاء الخارجي وبرامج المساعدات الغذائية الحكومية. خلال هذا العزلة الذاتية، يرتبط الاعتماد على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين ارتباطًا وثيقًا بمعارف السكان الأصليين حول الأرض والأنهار والتنوع البيولوجي، والتي تشمل معرفة التقنيات المحلية للحفاظ على الطعام وإعداده .7 وتعزز الدوافع غير المناخية المتعددة لانعدام الأمن الغذائي مسارات سوء التكيف مع تغير المناخ بين السكان الأصليين في بيرو شاوي في الأمازون .PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) الباحث من Google ومع ذلك، يتأثر الغذاء من الغابة بالتنوع البيولوجي وفقدان الغطاء النباتي: ترتبط موجات الحر وتباين هطول الأمطار والظواهر الجوية المتطرفة الأكثر تكرارًا وشدة بإزالة الغابات وتغير المناخ وتتفاقم بسبب ضعف مهارات الصيد وصيد الأسماك التقليدية نتيجة للتغيرات المناخية والمجتمعية .6 Zavaleta C -1919: مراجعة بيانات الشعوب الأصلية .الطبيعة. 2020 ؛ 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar، 8Marengo JA Souza Jr، CM Thonicke K et al. التغيرات في المناخ واستخدام الأراضي في منطقة الأمازون: التقلبات والاتجاهات الحالية والمستقبلية. 2018 ؛ 6: 228 Crossref Scopus (219) الباحث العلمي من Google، 9Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J الناس وتغير المناخ: الضعف والتكيف والعدالة الاجتماعية. منحة أكسفورد عبر الإنترنت، أكسفورد2019: 184 الباحث العلمي من Google في القطب الشمالي، يشهد الإنويت بعضًا من أسرع معدلات الاحترار على مستوى العالم .3 الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ تقرير خاص: الاحترار العالمي بمقدار 1·5 درجات مئوية .https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date:2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020 الباحث العلمي من Google ساعد بعد المنطقة وقيود السفر في الحد من انتشار COVID -19 ؛ ومع ذلك، كان لاضطرابات شبكات الإمداد آثار على توافر الغذاء في المجتمعات التي تعتمد على الغذاء بالتجزئة الذي يتم نقله من المناطق الجنوبية. لإدارة هذه الاضطرابات، وحصاد ومشاركة الأطعمة المحلية، والتي تمارس على نطاق واسع في العديد من مناطق القطب الشمالي، 9 Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J الناس وتغير المناخ: الضعف والتكيف والعدالة الاجتماعية. منحة أكسفورد عبر الإنترنت، أكسفورد2019: 184 ساعد الباحث العلمي من Google في الحفاظ على الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي. ومع ذلك، في الوقت نفسه، تعرضت هذه النظم الغذائية المحلية للسكان الأصليين للخطر بسبب الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة، بما في ذلك درجات الحرارة القياسية والجفاف وحرائق الغابات. في أوغندا، التزم بعض السكان الأصليين (على سبيل المثال، باتوا) بتدابير COVID -19، بما في ذلك التباعد الجسدي، والبقاء في المنزل، وتجنب المراكز التجارية بسبب الحشود، التي تتحدى الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي من خلال تقييد الوصول إلى الأسواق. علاوة على ذلك، لم تصل المساعدات الغذائية الحكومية في الوقت المناسب إلى السكان الأصليين بشكل كافٍ. أدى الإغلاق الموسع في أوغندا، لا سيما بالنسبة للمناطق الحدودية حيث يعيش العديد من السكان الأصليين، إلى إعاقة حركتهم للوصول إلى مناطق الغابات للبحث عن الطعام، والوصول إلى المجتمعات المجاورة لتقديم العمالة مقابل تبادل الغذاء، والوصول إلى الحقول الزراعية لإنتاج الغذاء. تتفاقم هذه التحديات بسبب التأثيرات المناخية الحالية، 9 Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online، Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar بما في ذلك الفيضانات الأخيرة في عام 2019 التي ألحقت الضرر بالمحاصيل، وأضرت بإنتاج الغذاء، 10Chang 'a LB Kijazi Al Mafuru KB et al. تقييم التطور والآثار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لأحداث هطول الأمطار الشديدة في أكتوبر 2019 فوق شرق إفريقيا. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020 ؛ 10: 319-338 الباحث العلمي من Google وقلل من قدرة السكان الأصليين على الصمود عندما ضربت جائحة COVID -19. يتحدى تغير المناخ مرونة النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين مع تداعيات مباشرة وفورية على صحة وتغذية السكان الأصليين.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL قدرة السكان الأصليين على التكيف مع التغير البيئي. أرض واحدة. 2020 ؛ 2: 532-543 ملخص النص الكامل النص الكامل PDF Scopus (122) الباحث العلمي من Google في عالمنا المترابط للغاية، انتقلت جائحة COVID -19 بسهولة عبر القارات، ووصلت إلى المواقع الجغرافية النائية ومجتمعات السكان الأصليين في أقل من 6 أشهر. هناك فرصة حيوية لدعم السكان الأصليين الذين يواجهون العبء المزدوج والمتفشي للمخاطر الاجتماعية والبيئية المركبة والمتتالية، مثل تغير المناخ والأوبئة، من خلال إعطاء الأولوية لحماية المصادر الغذائية الرئيسية للسكان الأصليين (مثل الغابات الاستوائية والنظم الإيكولوجية في القطب الشمالي)، من خلال تعزيز ودعم أهمية نظم معارف السكان الأصليين، من خلال تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد الصحية الآمنة ثقافيًا، ومن خلال حماية الوصول إلى الأراضي والموارد الطبيعية للسكان الأصليين وحقوقهم فيها. لقد حان الوقت لضمان ألا تؤدي القرارات ومسارات التنمية الحالية إلى زيادة تعريض مرونة النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين للخطر، والتي لها أدوار أساسية في استجابة السكان الأصليين للأوبئة الحالية والمستقبلية والتغيرات المناخية. تم تصحيح هذا المنشور عبر الإنترنت. ظهرت النسخة المصححة لأول مرة على thelancet.com/planetary-health في 9 سبتمبر 2020 تم تصحيح هذا المنشور عبر الإنترنت. ظهرت النسخة المصححة لأول مرة على thelancet.com/planetary-health في 9 سبتمبر 2020 نعلن عدم وجود مصالح متنافسة. تم دعم CZ - C من قبل المعهد الوطني للبحوث الصحية (NIHR)، باستخدام تمويل المساعدة الإنمائية الرسمية في المملكة المتحدة، ومن قبل ويلكوم (218743/Z/19/Z) في إطار الشراكة بين المؤسسة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان ويلكوم لبحوث الصحة العالمية. CZ - C عضو في مجموعة أبحاث صحة السكان الأصليين والتكيف مع تغير المناخ. يتم تمويل IA - R و JDF و SL و PJG و DBN و MN و CJW و LB - F و SLH من قبل المعاهد الكندية للبحوث الصحية من خلال برنامج تكيف صحة السكان الأصليين مع تغير المناخ. تقر JJM بالدعم المقدم من التحالف من أجل أبحاث السياسات والنظم الصحية (HQHSR1206660)، وبرنامج برنارد لوين في برنامج صحة القلب والأوعية الدموية في كلية هارفارد تي إتش تشان للصحة العامة (BLSCHP -1902)، و Bloomberg Philanthropies (عبر جامعة نورث كارولينا في مدرسة تشابل هيل للصحة العامة)، و Fondecyt (الصندوق الوطني للتنمية العلمية والتكنولوجية والابتكار التكنولوجي) عبر Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica)، والمجلس البريطاني، والسفارة البريطانية وصندوق Newton - Paulet (223-2018، 224-2018)، وإدارة التنمية الدولية، ومجلس البحوث الطبية (MRC)، و Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1)، مركز Fogarty الدولي (R21TW009982، D71T010877)، التحديات الكبرى كندا (0335-04)، المركز الدولي لبحوث التنمية كندا (IDRC 106887، 108167)، معهد البلدان الأمريكية لبحوث التغيير العالمي (IAI CRN3036)، MRC (MR/P008984/1، MR/P024408/1، MR/P02386X/1)، المعهد الوطني للسرطان (1P20CA217231)، المعهد الوطني للقلب والرئة والدم (HHSN268200900033C، 5U01HL114180، 1UM1HL134590)، المعهد الوطني للصحة العقلية (1U19MH098780)، المؤسسة الوطنية السويسرية للعلوم (40P740 -160366)، ويلكوم (074833/Z/04/Z، 093541/Z/10/Z، 103994/Z/14/Z، 107435/Z/15/Z، 205177/Z/16/Z، 214185/Z/18/Z، 218743/Z/19/Z)، والمؤسسة العالمية للسكري (WDF15 -1224). الآراء المعبر عنها هي آراء المؤلفين وليست بالضرورة آراء ويلكوم أو المؤسسة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان أو وزارة الصحة والرعاية الاجتماعية. لم يكن لمصادر التمويل أي دور في إعداد هذا التعليق أو في قرار التقديم للنشر. نحن نعترف بمساهمة ماثيو كينغ. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381 -82Zavaleta - Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma - Rojas I, et al. تغير المناخ وكوفيد-19: تعزيز النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين. لانسيت بلانيت هيلث 2020 ؛ 4: e381 -82 - في هذا التعليق، يجب أن يكون اسم المؤلف السابع "جايمي ميراندا". تم إجراء هذا التصحيح اعتبارًا من 9 سبتمبر 2020. النص الكامل PDF الوصول المفتوحدعم التنوع البيولوجي الثقافي للنظام الغذائي للسكان الأصليينتعليق كارول زافاليتا- كورتيجو وزملائها1 جاء في الوقت المناسب للتأكيد على التحديات التي تواجهها الشعوب الأصلية بسبب الآثار المشتركة لتغير المناخ، وكوفيد-19، وأوجه عدم المساواة الطويلة الأمد. على الرغم من أن الضغط على سبل عيش السكان الأصليين ليس بالأمر الجديد، إلا أن الآثار الحالية شديدة، سواء من حيث الوفيات الناجمة عن الفيروس أو الاضطرابات في طرق الحياة، بما في ذلك النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين. الوصول المفتوح للنص الكامل PDF

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      The Lancet Planetary Health
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Lancet Planetary Health
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/4d...
      Other literature type . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/pj...
      Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Paul R. Furumo; Jianguo Liu; Jian Zhang; Yue Dou; +7 Authors

    Increasing connections and influences from near to far have changed social structures, access to natural resources, and essential livelihoods of smallholders (i.e., those with incomes generated primarily from natural resources on small rural properties). However, the potential benefits and negative impacts from these connections to smallholders’ livelihoods and social-ecological effects remain understudied. In this paper, we applied the frameworks of pericoupling and telecoupling (human-nature interactions between adjacent and distant systems, respectively) to systematically investigate how the flows linking smallholder systems to other systems affect their livelihoods, and causing varying economic, social, and environmental effects from case to case. We synthesized 12 cases of smallholder systems around the world that are linked to adjacent and distant systems through flows of goods, people, resources, and/or information. In each case, we summarized smallholders’ agency, i.e., capability on the formation or operation of these flows, and the changes on livelihoods on the economic, social, and environment effects. Results suggest that strong smallholder agency is associated more with positive than negative effects. Smallholders with medium to high agency have greater overall well-being within the area of interest. Smallholders integrated in pericoupled systems often have strong agency. Being spillover systems in an intercoupled system (e.g., large-scale agricultural investments) can often cause negative outcomes unless smallholders have additional pericoupling flows. Our findings suggest one potential approach to ending poverty and increasing well-being for smallholders is creating and increasing pericoupling flows to empower smallholders for desired livelihood and social-ecological outcomes.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
    Article
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2020
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Reinhard Prestele; Annette L. Hirsch; Edouard L. Davin; Sonia I. Seneviratne; +1 Authors

    AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) is widely promoted as a sustainable agricultural management strategy with the potential to alleviate some of the adverse effects of modern, industrial agriculture such as large‐scale soil erosion, nutrient leaching and overexploitation of water resources. Moreover, agricultural land managed under CA is proposed to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation through reduced emission of greenhouse gases, increased solar radiation reflection, and the sustainable use of soil and water resources. Due to the lack of official reporting schemes, the amount of agricultural land managed under CA systems is uncertain and spatially explicit information about the distribution of CA required for various modeling studies is missing. Here, we present an approach to downscale present‐day national‐level estimates of CA to a 5 arcminute regular grid, based on multicriteria analysis. We provide a best estimate of CA distribution and an uncertainty range in the form of a low and high estimate of CA distribution, reflecting the inconsistency in CA definitions. We also design two scenarios of the potential future development of CA combining present‐day data and an assessment of the potential for implementation using biophysical and socioeconomic factors. By our estimates, 122–215 Mha or 9%–15% of global arable land is currently managed under CA systems. The lower end of the range represents CA as an integrated system of permanent no‐tillage, crop residue management and crop rotations, while the high estimate includes a wider range of areas primarily devoted to temporary no‐tillage or reduced tillage operations. Our scenario analysis suggests a future potential of CA in the range of 533–1130 Mha (38%–81% of global arable land). Our estimates can be used in various ecosystem modeling applications and are expected to help identifying more realistic climate mitigation and adaptation potentials of agricultural practices.

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    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Global Change Biology
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2018
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2018
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      Global Change Biology
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2018
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      Article . 2018
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      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Article . 2018
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    Authors: Bahn, Michael; Lattanzi, Fernando A.; Hasibeder, Roland; Wild, Birgit; +6 Authors

    Summary Carbon (C) allocation strongly influences plant and soil processes. Short‐term C allocation dynamics in ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes are still poorly understood. Using in situ 13CO2 pulse labeling, we studied the effects of 1 wk of shading on the transfer of recent photoassimilates between sugars and starch of above‐ and belowground plant organs and to soil microbial communities of a mountain meadow. C allocation to roots and microbial communities was rapid. Shading strongly reduced sucrose and starch concentrations in shoots, but not roots, and affected tracer dynamics in sucrose and starch of shoots, but not roots: recent C was slowly incorporated into root starch irrespective of the shading treatment. Shading reduced leaf respiration more strongly than root respiration. It caused no reduction in the amount of 13C incorporated into fungi and Gram‐negative bacteria, but increased its residence time. These findings suggest that, under interrupted C supply, belowground C allocation (as reflected by the amount of tracer allocated to root starch, soil microbial communities and belowground respiration) was maintained at the expense of aboveground C status, and that C source strength may affect the turnover of recent plant‐derived C in soil microbial communities.

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    Other literature type . 2013
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      New Phytologist
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    The increasing international trade of agricultural products has contributed to a larger diversity of food at low prices and represents an important economic value. However, such trade can also cause social, environmental and economic impacts beyond the limits of the countries directly involved in the exchange. Agricultural systems are telecoupled because the impacts caused by trade can generate important feedback loops, spillovers, rebound effects, time lags and non-linearities across multiple geographical and temporal scales that make these impacts more difficult to identify and mitigate. We make a comparative review of current impact assessment methods to analyze their suitability to assess the impacts of telecoupled agricultural supply chains. Given the large impacts caused by agricultural production on land systems, we focus on the capacity of methods to account for and spatially allocate direct and indirect land use change. Our analysis identifies trade-offs between methods with respect to the elements of the telecoupled system they address. Hybrid methods are a promising field to navigate these trade-offs. Knowledge gaps in assessing indirect land use change should be overcome in order to improve the accuracy of assessments.

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    Sustainability
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    Sustainability
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    Sustainability
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    Authors: Salvatore Di Falco; ADINOLFI, FELICE; Martina Bozzola; Fabian Capitan;

    AbstractFinancial insurance for extreme events can play an important role in hedging against the implications of climate change. This paper combines a comprehensive estimation strategy and a unique panel dataset to study the role of financial insurance in farmers' welfare under uncertainty. Data are drawn from a large Italian farm panel dataset. We find that (i) demand for insurance products is likely to increase in response to climatic conditions, and (ii) that the use of insurance reduces the extent of risk exposure. We also find that farms growing more crops are less likely to adopt the insurance scheme. This confirms what is found in the theoretical literature. Crop diversification can be a substitute for financial insurance in hedging against the impact of risk exposure on welfare.

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    Journal of Agricultural Economics
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Agricultural Economics
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Helle Margrete Meltzer; Anne Lise Brantsæter; Ellen Trolle; Hanna Eneroth; +3 Authors

    “The Nordic diet” is an umbrella term that encompasses any interpretation that combines Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) with local Nordic foods. The five Nordic countries have collaborated on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for forty years, including FBDGs, so their national guidelines are similar. The countries also share similar public health issues, including widespread nonconformity to the guidelines, although in different ways. The aim of this concept paper is to discuss environmental sustainability aspects of the Nordic diet, describe the status of and make suggestions for the inclusion of sustainability in future work on the Nordic diet. We exploit the sustainability–health synergy. A food intake more in line with the current FBDGs, which emphasises more plant-based and less animal-based foods, is necessary for high environmental sustainability. In turn, sustainability is an important motivator for health-promoting dietary shifts. Policy development requires long-term efforts. Since the Nordic diet can be considered a further development and improvement of old, traditional diets, there is huge potential to formulate a Nordic diet that benefits both human and planetary health. It is time for concerted engagement and actions—a new Nordic nutrition transition.

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    Nutrients
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Nutrients
    Article . 2020
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2019
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    Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nutrientsarrow_drop_down
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      Nutrients
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nutrients
      Article . 2020
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      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kate Saunders; Suzana Blesic; Wenyan Wu; Ana Bastos; +20 Authors

    <p>Compound weather and climate events are combinations of climate drivers and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Studying compound events often requires a multidisciplinary approach combining domain knowledge of the underlying processes with, for example, statistical methods and climate model outputs. Recently, to aid the development of research on compound events, four compound event types were introduced, namely (a) <em>preconditioned</em>, (b) <em>multivariate</em>, (c) t<em>emporally compounding</em>, and (d) <em>spatially compounding</em> events. However, guidelines on how to study these types of events are still lacking. Here, we consider four case studies, each associated with a specific event type and a research question, to illustrate how the key elements of compound events (e.g., analytical tools and relevant physical effects) can be identified. These case studies show that (a) impacts on crops from hot and dry summers can be exacerbated by preconditioning effects of dry and bright springs. (b) Assessing compound coastal flooding in Perth (Australia) requires considering the dynamics of a non-stationary multivariate process. For instance, future mean sea-level rise will lead to the emergence of concurrent coastal and fluvial extremes, enhancing compound flooding risk. (c) In Portugal, deep-landslides are often caused by temporal clusters of moderate precipitation events. Finally, (d) crop yield failures in France and Germany are strongly correlated, threatening European food security through spatially compounding effects. These analyses allow for identifying general recommendations for studying compound events. Overall, our insights can serve as a blueprint for compound event analysis across disciplines and sectors.</p>

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    CORE
    Article . 2021
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    Data sources: CORE
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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Earth's Future
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    UTL Repository
    Article . 2021
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    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2021
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2021
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      CORE
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      Earth's Future
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2021
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      UTL Repository
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      MPG.PuRe
      Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY NC
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth's Future
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Simon Hodge; Oliver Schweiger; Alexandra-Maria Klein; Simon G. Potts; +43 Authors

    To provide a complete portrayal of the multiple factors negatively impacting insects in agricultural landscapes it is necessary to assess the concurrent incidence, magnitude, and interactions among multiple stressors over substantial biogeographical scales. Trans-national ecological field investigations with wide-ranging stakeholders typically encounter numerous challenges during the design planning stages, not least that the scientific soundness of a spatially replicated study design must account for the substantial geographic and climatic variation among distant sites. ‘PoshBee’ (Pan-European assessment, monitoring, and mitigation of Stressors on the Health of Bees) is a multi-partner transdisciplinary agroecological project established to investigate the suite of stressors typically encountered by pollinating insects in European agricultural landscapes. To do this, PoshBee established a network of 128 study sites across eight European countries and collected over 50 measurements and samples relating to the nutritional, toxicological, pathogenic, and landscape components of the bees’ environment. This paper describes the development process, rationale, and end-result of each aspect of the of the PoshBee field investigation. We describe the main issues and challenges encountered during the design stages and highlight a number of actions or processes that may benefit other multi-partner research consortia planning similar large-scale studies. It was soon identified that in a multi-component study design process, the development of interaction and communication networks involving all collaborators and stakeholders requires considerable time and resources. It was also necessary at each planning stage to be mindful of the needs and objectives of all stakeholders and partners, and further challenges inevitably arose when practical limitations, such as time restrictions and labour constraints, were superimposed upon prototype study designs. To promote clarity for all stakeholders, for each sub-component of the study, there should be a clear record of the rationale and reasoning that outlines how the final design transpired, what compromises were made, and how the requirements of different stakeholders were accomplished. Ultimately, multi-national agroecological field studies such as PoshBee benefit greatly from the involvement of diverse stakeholders and partners, ranging from field ecologists, project managers, policy legislators, mathematical modelers, and farmer organisations. While the execution of the study highlighted the advantages and benefits of large-scale transdisciplinary projects, the long planning period emphasized the need to formally describe a design framework that could facilitate the design process of future multi-partner collaborations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL Descartes
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sustainability
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Niko Wanders; Mathias Hauser; Chris Funk; Chris Funk; +11 Authors

    Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions; temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Imperial College Lon...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/79...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bh...
    Other literature type . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Imperial College Lon...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth System Dynamics (ESD)
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/79...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bh...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2021
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zavaleta-Cortijo C.; Ford J.D.; Arotoma-Rojas I.; Lwasa S.; +11 Authors

    Les populations autochtones sont particulièrement exposées au risque de COVID-19 en raison de facteurs tels que la discrimination, l'exclusion sociale, la dépossession de terres et une forte prévalence des formes de malnutrition.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al. La santé des peuples autochtones et tribaux (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration) : une étude démographique. 2016 ; 388: 131-157Sommaire Texte intégral Texte intégral PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar Le changement climatique aggrave bon nombre de ces causes d'inégalités en matière de santé, sapant les mécanismes d'adaptation qui sont traditionnellement utilisés pour gérer des événements extrêmes tels que les pandémies et perturbant les systèmes alimentaires et les régimes alimentaires locaux.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La résilience des peuples autochtones aux changements environnementaux.Une Terre. 2020 ; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Addressing underlying structural inequities and strengthening Indigenous knowledge systems offer opportunities for building resilience to compound socioecological shock, including climate effects and pandemics. Le changement climatique affecte les systèmes alimentaires autochtones, ce qui rend les populations autochtones vulnérables à l'insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle.3Rapport spécial du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat : réchauffement climatique de 1,5°C.https ://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date : 2018Date d'accès : 24 juillet 2020Google Scholar La nature et l'étendue des effets de la COVID-19 sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones sont encore largement inconnues, mais les résultats directs comprennent la mortalité due à une maladie grave, un accès réduit à la nourriture, des changements dans l'alimentation locale et des pertes économiques résultant des confinements. Ces résultats présentent des obstacles au rétablissement des populations déjà confrontées à d'importants défis nutritionnels. Les effets des pandémies précédentes sur les systèmes alimentaires autochtones ont affecté les enfants en particulier, lorsque les adultes sont tombés malades et que l'accès à la nourriture des ménages a été réduit.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J Mortalité associée à l'influenza pendant la pandémie de grippe de 1918–1919 en Alaska et au Labrador : une comparaison.Soc Sci Hist. 2013 ; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Prestation de services de santé inadéquate pour les populations autochtones, y compris un accès limité à desservices culturellement sûrs ,5Brascoupé S Waters C Sécurité culturelle explorant l'applicabilité du concept de sécurité culturelle à la santé autochtone et au bien-être communautaire.Int J Indigen Health. 2006 ; 5: 6-41Google Scholar ajoute une autre couche de complexité face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Les effets du changement climatique compromettent la sécurité alimentaire des Autochtones, ce qui compromet la résilience des populations autochtones aux pandémies. Dans le même temps, les perturbations de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et les implications sanitaires qui en résultent pour les populations autochtones pendant les pandémies exacerbent leur vulnérabilité au changement climatique. Dans ce contexte, la compréhension, le renforcement et la protection des systèmes alimentaires autochtones dans le contexte du changement climatique doivent être une pierre angulaire de la reprise post-pandémique. En Amazonie péruvienne, certaines communautés autochtones Shawi ont choisi de s'isoler dans la forêt pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.6Zavaleta C COVID-19 : examiner les données des peuples autochtones.Nature. 2020 ; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar Ces communautés s'appuient sur les régimes alimentaires traditionnels et les connaissances autochtones des systèmes alimentaires locaux, et elles ont peu de disponibilité et d'accessibilité aux programmes d'aide alimentaire externes et gouvernementaux. Au cours de cette auto-isolement, la dépendance aux systèmes alimentaires autochtones est inextricablement liée aux connaissances autochtones sur la terre, les rivières et la biodiversité, qui comprennent la connaissance des techniques locales de conservation et de préparation des aliments.7 Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al. De multiples facteurs non climatiques d'insécurité alimentaire renforcent les trajectoires de mauvaise adaptation au changement climatique chez les Shawi autochtones péruviens en Amazonie.PLoS One. 2018 ; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar Cependant, la nourriture de la forêt est affectée par la perte de biodiversité et de végétation : les vagues de chaleur, les variations de précipitations et les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes plus fréquents et intenses sont tous liés à la déforestation et au changement climatique et sont aggravés par un affaiblissement des compétences traditionnelles de chasse et de pêche en raison des changements climatiques et sociétaux.6 Zavaleta C COVID-19 : examiner les données des peuples autochtones.Nature. 2020 ; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al.Changements du climat et de l'utilisation des terres dans la région amazonienne : variabilité et tendances actuelles et futures.Front Earth Sci. 2018 ; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar In the Arctic, Inuit are witnessing some of the most rapid rates of warming worldwide.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report : global warming of 1,5°C .https ://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date : 2018Date d'accès : 24 juillet 2020Google Scholar L'éloignement de la région et les restrictions de voyage ont contribué à freiner la propagation de la COVID-19 ; cependant, les perturbations des réseaux d'approvisionnement ont eu des effets sur la disponibilité alimentaire dans les communautés qui dépendent de la nourriture au détail acheminée par avion depuis les régions du sud. Pour gérer ces perturbations, récolter et partager des aliments locaux, ce qui est largement pratiqué dans de nombreuses régionsarctiques9, Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar a aidé à maintenir la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. Simultanément, cependant, ces systèmes alimentaires autochtones locaux ont été compromis par des extrêmes climatiques, notamment des températures record, la sécheresse et les incendies de forêt. En Ouganda, certaines populations autochtones (par exemple, Batwa) ont adhéré aux mesures COVID-19, notamment la distanciation physique, le maintien à la maison et l'évitement des centres commerciaux en raison de la foule, qui compromet la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle en limitant l'accès aux marchés. En outre, l'aide alimentaire gouvernementale en temps opportun n'a pas atteint de manière adéquate les populations autochtones. Le confinement prolongé en Ouganda, en particulier dans les districts frontaliers où vivent de nombreuses populations autochtones, a entravé leur mobilité pour accéder aux zones forestières pour la recherche de nourriture, l'accès aux communautés voisines pour offrir de la main-d' œuvre pour l'échange de nourriture et l'accès aux champs agricoles pour la production alimentaire. Ces défis sont exacerbés par les effets climatiques existants, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in : Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change : vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar, y compris les récentes inondations en 2019 qui ont endommagé les cultures, compromis la productionalimentaire ,10Chang' a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al. Évaluation de l'évolution et des impacts socio-économiques des précipitations extrêmes en octobre 2019 sur l'Afrique de l'Est. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020 ; 10: 319-338Google Scholar et a réduit la résilience des populations autochtones lorsque la pandémie de COVID-19 a frappé. Le changement climatique remet en question la résilience des systèmes alimentaires autochtones avec des répercussions directes et immédiates sur la santé et la nutrition des populations autochtones.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La résilience des peuples autochtones aux changements environnementaux.Une Terre. 2020 ; 2: 532-543Résumé Texte intégral PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Dans notre monde hautement connecté, la pandémie de COVID-19 a facilement voyagé à travers les continents, atteignant des zones géographiques éloignées et des communautés autochtones en moins de 6 mois. Il existe une fenêtre d'opportunité vitale pour soutenir les populations autochtones qui font face au double fardeau syndémique des risques socioécologiques composés et en cascade, tels que le changement climatique et les pandémies, en donnant la priorité à la protection des principales sources alimentaires autochtones (par exemple, les forêts tropicales, les écosystèmes arctiques), en renforçant et en soutenant l'importance des systèmes de connaissances autochtones, en améliorant l'accès à des ressources sanitaires culturellement sûres et en sauvegardant l'accès et les droits à la terre et aux ressources naturelles des populations autochtones. Le moment est venu de veiller à ce que les décisions et les trajectoires de développement actuelles ne compromettent pas davantage la résilience des systèmes alimentaires autochtones, qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la réponse des populations autochtones aux pandémies et aux changements climatiques actuels et futurs. Cette publication en ligne a été corrigée. La version corrigée est apparue pour la première fois sur thelancet.com/planetary-health le 9 septembre 2020. Cette publication en ligne a été corrigée. La version corrigée est apparue pour la première fois sur thelancet.com/planetary-health le 9 septembre 2020. Nous ne déclarons aucun intérêt concurrent. CZ-C a été soutenu par le National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), en utilisant le financement de l'aide publique au développement du Royaume-Uni, et par Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) dans le cadre du partenariat NIHR–Wellcome pour la recherche en santé mondiale. CZ-C est membre du Groupe de recherche sur la santé autochtone et l'adaptation au changement climatique. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F et SLH sont financés par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada dans le cadre du programme Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change. JJM reconnaît le soutien de l'Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), des Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program de Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health), Fondecyt (National Fund for Scientific, Technological Development and Technological Innovation) via Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica), British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), Department for International Development, Medical Research Council (MRC) et Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grands Défis Canada (0335-04), Centre de recherches pour le développement international Canada (CRDI 106887, 108167), Institut interaméricain de recherche sur le changement global (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), Institut national du cancer (1P20CA217231), Institut national du cœur, des poumons et du sang (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), Institut national de la santé mentale (1U19MH098780), Fonds national suisse pour la science (40P740-160366), Bienvenu (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), et la World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). Les opinions exprimées sont celles des auteurs et pas nécessairement celles de Wellcome, du NIHR ou du ministère de la Santé et des Affaires sociales. Les sources de financement n'ont joué aucun rôle dans la préparation de ce commentaire ou dans la décision de soumettre pour publication. Nous reconnaissons la contribution de Matthew King. Télécharger .pdf (.12 Mo) Aide avec les fichiers pdf Annexe supplémentaire Correction à Lancet Planet Health 2020 ; 4 : e381-82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Changement climatique et COVID-19 : renforcer les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Lancet Planet Health 2020 ; 4 : e381-82 - Dans ce commentaire, le nom du septième auteur devrait être « J Jaime Miranda ». Cette correction a été apportée en date du 9 septembre 2020. Texte intégral PDF Open AccessSupport Indigenous food system biocultural diversityLe commentaire de Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo et de ses collègues1 était opportun pour souligner les défis auxquels sont confrontés les peuples autochtones en raison des effets combinés du changement climatique, de la COVID-19 et des inégalités de longue date. Bien que la pression sur les moyens de subsistance autochtones ne soit pas nouvelle, les effets actuels sont extrêmes, à la fois en termes de décès dus au virus et de perturbations des modes de vie, y compris les systèmes alimentaires autochtones. Texte intégral PDF en libre accès Las poblaciones indígenas corren un riesgo especialmente alto de COVID-19 debido a factores como la discriminación, la exclusión social, el despojo de tierras y una alta prevalencia de formas de malnutrición.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al.Ind Indigenous and tribal peoples 'health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study.Lancet. 2016; 388: 131-157Resumen Texto completo PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar El cambio climático está agravando muchas de estas causas de desigualdades en la salud, socavando los mecanismos de afrontamiento que tradicionalmente se utilizan para gestionar eventos extremos como pandemias e interrumpiendo los sistemas alimentarios y las dietas locales.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL La resiliencia de los pueblos indígenas al cambio ambiental. Una sola Tierra. 2020; 2: 532-543Resumen Texto completo Texto completo PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Abordar las desigualdades estructurales subyacentes y fortalecer los sistemas de conocimiento indígenas ofrece oportunidades para desarrollar la resiliencia a los choques socioecológicos compuestos, incluidos los efectos climáticos y las pandemias. El cambio climático está afectando a los sistemas alimentarios indígenas, lo que hace que las poblaciones indígenas sean vulnerables a la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional.3Informe especial del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático: calentamiento global de 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Fecha de acceso: 24 de julio de 2020Google Scholar La naturaleza y el alcance de los efectos de COVID-19 en los sistemas alimentarios indígenas aún se desconocen en gran medida, pero los resultados directos incluyen la mortalidad por enfermedades graves, la reducción del acceso a los alimentos, los cambios en la dieta local y las pérdidas económicas derivadas de los confinamientos. Estos resultados presentan impedimentos para la recuperación de las poblaciones que ya enfrentan desafíos nutricionales sustanciales. Los efectos de pandemias anteriores en los sistemas alimentarios indígenas afectaron a los niños en particular, cuando los adultos se enfermaron y se redujo el acceso a los alimentos en el hogar.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J La mortalidad asociada a la influenza durante la pandemia de influenza de 1918–1919 en Alaska y Labrador: una comparación.Soc Sci Hist. 2013; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Prestación inadecuada de servicios de salud para las poblaciones indígenas, incluido el escaso acceso a servicios culturalmente seguros ,5Brascoupé S Waters C Seguridad cultural explorando la aplicabilidad del concepto de seguridad cultural a la salud aborigen y el bienestar de la comunidad. Int J Indigen Health. 2006; 5: 6-41Google Scholar añade otra capa de complejidad ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los efectos del cambio climático socavan la seguridad alimentaria indígena, lo que a su vez compromete la resiliencia de las poblaciones indígenas a las pandemias. Al mismo tiempo, las interrupciones en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y las consiguientes implicaciones para la salud de las poblaciones indígenas durante las pandemias exacerban su vulnerabilidad al cambio climático. En este contexto, comprender, reforzar y proteger los sistemas alimentarios indígenas en el contexto de un clima cambiante debe ser una piedra angular de la recuperación posterior a la pandemia. En la Amazonía peruana, algunas comunidades indígenas shawi han optado por aislarse en el bosque durante la pandemia de COVID-19.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: revisar los datos de los pueblos indígenas. Naturaleza. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar Estas comunidades confían en las dietas tradicionales y el conocimiento indígena de los sistemas alimentarios locales, y tienen poca disponibilidad y accesibilidad a los alimentos externos y a los programas gubernamentales de ayuda alimentaria. Durante este autoaislamiento, la dependencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas está inextricablemente vinculada al conocimiento indígena sobre la tierra, los ríos y la biodiversidad, que incluye el conocimiento de las técnicas locales para preservar y preparar alimentos.7Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al. Múltiples impulsores no climáticos de la inseguridad alimentaria refuerzan las trayectorias de mala adaptación al cambio climático entre los indígenas Shawi peruanos en la Amazonía.PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar Sin embargo, los alimentos del bosque se ven afectados por la biodiversidad y la pérdida de vegetación: las olas de calor, la variación de las precipitaciones y los eventos climáticos extremos más frecuentes e intensos están relacionados con la deforestación y el cambio climático y se ven agravados por un debilitamiento de las habilidades tradicionales de caza y pesca como resultado de los cambios climáticos y sociales.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: revisar los datos de los pueblos indígenas. Naturaleza. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al. Cambios en el clima y el uso de la tierra en la región amazónica: variabilidad y tendencias actuales y futuras. Front Earth Sci. 2018; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar En el Ártico, los inuit son testigos de algunas de las tasas de calentamiento más rápidas a nivel mundial.3Informe especial del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático: calentamiento global de 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Fecha de acceso: 24 de julio de 2020Google Scholar La lejanía de la región y las restricciones de viaje han ayudado a reducir la propagación de COVID-19; sin embargo, las interrupciones en las redes de suministro han tenido efectos en la disponibilidad de alimentos en las comunidades que dependen de los alimentos minoristas que llegan desde las regiones del sur. Para gestionar estas interrupciones, cosechar y compartir alimentos locales, que se practica ampliamente en muchas regiones árticas ,9HarperSL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar ha ayudado a mantener la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, estos sistemas alimentarios indígenas locales se han visto comprometidos por los extremos climáticos, incluidas las temperaturas récord, la sequía y los incendios forestales. En Uganda, algunas poblaciones indígenas (por ejemplo, Batwa) se han adherido a las medidas de COVID-19, incluido el distanciamiento físico, quedarse en casa y evitar los centros comerciales debido a las multitudes, que desafían la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional al restringir el acceso a los mercados. Además, la ayuda alimentaria gubernamental oportuna no ha llegado adecuadamente a las poblaciones indígenas. El confinamiento prolongado en Uganda, particularmente para los distritos fronterizos donde viven muchas poblaciones indígenas, ha obstaculizado su movilidad para acceder a las áreas boscosas para alimentarse, el acceso a las comunidades cercanas para ofrecer mano de obra para el intercambio de alimentos y el acceso a los campos agrícolas para la producción de alimentos. Estos desafíos se ven exacerbados por los efectos climáticos existentes ,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al. The Indigenous climate-food-health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar, incluidas las recientes inundaciones en 2019 que dañaron los cultivos, comprometieron la producción de alimentos ,10Chang 'a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al. Evaluación de la evolución y los impactos socioeconómicos de las precipitaciones extremas en octubre de 2019 en el este de África. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020; 10: 319-338Google Scholar y redujo la resiliencia de las poblaciones indígenas cuando llegó la pandemia de COVID-19. El cambio climático desafía la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas con repercusiones directas e inmediatas para la salud y la nutrición de las poblaciones indígenas.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change. One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Resumen Texto completo Texto completo PDF Scopus (122) Google Académico En nuestro mundo altamente conectado, la pandemia de COVID-19 ha viajado fácilmente a través de continentes, llegando a ubicaciones geográficas remotas y comunidades indígenas en menos de 6 meses. Existe una ventana de oportunidad vital para apoyar a las poblaciones indígenas que enfrentan la carga doble y sindémica de los peligros socioecológicos compuestos y en cascada, como el cambio climático y las pandemias, priorizando la protección de las fuentes clave de alimentos indígenas (por ejemplo, los bosques tropicales, los ecosistemas árticos), reforzando y apoyando la importancia de los sistemas de conocimiento indígenas, mejorando el acceso a recursos de salud culturalmente seguros y salvaguardando el acceso y los derechos a la tierra y los recursos naturales de las poblaciones indígenas. Este es el momento de garantizar que las decisiones actuales y las trayectorias de desarrollo no pongan en peligro aún más la resiliencia de los sistemas alimentarios indígenas, que tienen un papel integral en la respuesta de las poblaciones indígenas a las pandemias y los cambios climáticos actuales y futuros. Esta publicación en línea ha sido corregida. La versión corregida apareció por primera vez en thelancet.com/planetary-health el 9 de septiembre de 2020. Esta publicación en línea ha sido corregida. La versión corregida apareció por primera vez en thelancet.com/planetary-health el 9 de septiembre de 2020. Declaramos que no hay intereses en competencia. CZ-C recibió el apoyo del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud (NIHR), utilizando los fondos de la Asistencia Oficial para el Desarrollo del Reino Unido, y de Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) en el marco de la Asociación NIHR–Wellcome para la Investigación en Salud Global. CZ-C es miembro del Grupo de Investigación de Salud y Adaptación Indígena al Cambio Climático. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F y SLH están financiados por los Institutos Canadienses de Investigación en Salud a través del programa de Adaptación de la Salud Indígena al Cambio Climático. JJM reconoce el apoyo de Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program en Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (a través de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Carolina del Norte en Chapel Hill), Fondecyt (Fondo Nacional para el Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y la Innovación Tecnológica) a través de Cienciactiva en Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica), British Council, Embajada Británica y el Fondo Newton-Paulet (223-2018, 224-2018), Departamento de Desarrollo Internacional, Consejo de Investigación Médica (MRC) y Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), y la World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). Las opiniones expresadas son las de los autores y no necesariamente las de Wellcome, el NIHR o el Departamento de Salud y Asistencia Social. Las fuentes de financiación no tuvieron ningún papel en la preparación de este Comentario o en la decisión de enviarlo para su publicación. Reconocemos la contribución de Matthew King. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Cambio climático y COVID-19: reforzando los sistemas alimentarios indígenas. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381-82-En este Comentario, el nombre del séptimo autor debe ser "J Jaime Miranda". Esta corrección se ha realizado a partir del 9 de septiembre de 2020. PDF de texto completo Acceso abiertoApoyar la diversidad biocultural del sistema alimentario indígenaEl comentario de Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo y sus colegas1 fue oportuno al enfatizar los desafíos que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas debido a los efectos combinados del cambio climático, COVID-19 y las desigualdades de larga data. Aunque la presión sobre los medios de vida indígenas no es nada nuevo, los efectos actuales son extremos, tanto en términos de muertes debido al virus como de interrupciones en las formas de vida, incluidos los sistemas alimentarios indígenas. Acceso abierto en PDF de texto completo Indigenous populations are at especially high risk from COVID-19 because of factors such discrimination, social exclusion, land dispossession, and a high prevalence of forms of malnutrition.1Anderson I Robson B Connolly M et al.Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet–Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study.Lancet. 2016; 388: 131-157Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (592) Google Scholar Climate change is compounding many of these causes of health inequities, undermining coping mechanisms that are traditionally used to manage extreme events such as pandemics, and disrupting food systems and local diets.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change.One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar Addressing underlying structural inequities and strengthening Indigenous knowledge systems offer opportunities for building resilience to compound socioecological shocks, including climate effects and pandemics. Climate change is affecting Indigenous food systems, making Indigenous populations vulnerable to food and nutritional insecurity.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report: global warming of 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020Google Scholar The nature and extent of the effects of COVID-19 on Indigenous food systems are still largely unknown, but the direct results include mortality from severe illness, reduced access to food, changes in local diet, and economic losses resulting from lockdowns. These outcomes present impediments to the recovery of populations already facing substantial nutritional challenges. The effects of previous pandemics on Indigenous food systems affected children in particular, when adults became ill and household food access was reduced.4Mamelund S-E Sattenspiel L Dimka J Influenza-associated mortality during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: a comparison.Soc Sci Hist. 2013; 37: 177-229Google Scholar Inadequate health service provision for Indigenous populations, including scant access to culturally safe services,5Brascoupé S Waters C Cultural safety exploring the applicability of the concept of cultural safety to aboriginal health and community wellness.Int J Indigen Health. 2006; 5: 6-41Google Scholar adds another layer of complexity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Effects of climate change undermine Indigenous food security, in turn compromising the resilience of Indigenous populations to pandemics. At the same time, disruptions to food and nutrition security and the resulting health implications for Indigenous populations during pandemics exacerbate their vulnerability to climate change. In this context, understanding, reinforcing, and protecting Indigenous food systems in the context of a changing climate must be a cornerstone of post-pandemic recovery. In the Peruvian Amazon, some Shawi Indigenous communities have chosen to self-isolate in the forest during the COVID-19 pandemic.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: review Indigenous peoples' data.Nature. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar These communities are relying on traditional diets and Indigenous knowledge of local food systems, and they have little availability and accessibility to external food and government food-aid programmes. During this self-isolation, reliance on Indigenous food systems is inextricably linked to Indigenous knowledge about the land, rivers, and biodiversity, which includes knowledge of local techniques to preserve and prepare food.7Zavaleta C Berrang-Ford L et al.Multiple non-climatic drivers of food insecurity reinforce climate change maladaptation trajectories among Peruvian Indigenous Shawi in the Amazon.PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar However, food from the forest is being affected by biodiversity and vegetation loss: heatwaves, precipitation variation, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are all related to deforestation and climate change and are compounded by a weakening of traditional hunting and fishing skills as a result of climatic and societal changes.6Zavaleta C COVID-19: review Indigenous peoples' data.Nature. 2020; 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar, 8Marengo JA Souza Jr, CM Thonicke K et al.Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends.Front Earth Sci. 2018; 6: 228Crossref Scopus (219) Google Scholar, 9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar In the Arctic, Inuit are witnessing some of the most rapid rates of warming globally.3Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSpecial report: global warming of 1·5°C.https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date: 2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020Google Scholar The remoteness of the region and travel restrictions have helped curtail the spread of COVID-19; however, disruptions to supply networks have had effects on food availability in communities that rely on retail food flown in from southern regions. To manage these disruptions, harvesting and sharing local foods, which is widely practiced in many Arctic regions,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar has helped maintain food and nutrition security. Simultaneously, however, these local Indigenous food systems have been compromised by climatic extremes, including record-breaking temperatures, drought, and wildfires. In Uganda, some Indigenous populations (eg, Batwa) have adhered to COVID-19 measures, including physical distancing, staying home, and avoiding trading centres because of crowds, which challenge food and nutrition security by restricting access to markets. Furthermore, timely government food aid has not adequately reached Indigenous populations. The extended lockdown in Uganda, particularly for border districts where many Indigenous populations live, has hampered their mobility to access forested areas for foraging, access to nearby communities to offer labour for food exchange, and access to agricultural fields for food production. These challenges are exacerbated by existing climate effects,9Harper SL Berrang-Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate–food–health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar including recent flooding in 2019 that damaged crops, compromised food production,10Chang'a LB Kijazi AL Mafuru KB et al.Assessment of the evolution and socio-economic impacts of extreme rainfall events in October 2019 over the east Africa.Atmos Clim Sci. 2020; 10: 319-338Google Scholar and reduced the resilience of Indigenous populations when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Climate change challenges the resilience of Indigenous food systems with direct and immediate repercussions for the health and nutrition of Indigenous populations.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL The resilience of Indigenous Peoples to environmental change.One Earth. 2020; 2: 532-543Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (122) Google Scholar In our highly connected world, the COVID-19 pandemic has easily travelled across continents, reaching remote geographical locations and Indigenous communities in less than 6 months. There is a vital window of opportunity to support Indigenous populations who face the double and syndemic burden of compound and cascading socioecological hazards, such as climate change and pandemics, by prioritising the protection of key Indigenous food sources (eg, tropical forests, Arctic ecosystems), by reinforcing and supporting the importance of Indigenous knowledge systems, by improving access to culturally safe health resources, and by and safeguarding access and rights to land and natural resources of Indigenous populations. This is the time to ensure that current decisions and development trajectories do not further jeopardise the resilience of Indigenous food systems, which have integral roles in the response of Indigenous populations to current and future pandemics and climatic changes. This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com/planetary-health on September 9, 2020 This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com/planetary-health on September 9, 2020 We declare no competing interests. CZ-C was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), using the UK's Official Development Assistance funding, and by Wellcome (218743/Z/19/Z) under the NIHR–Wellcome Partnership for Global Health Research. CZ-C is member of the Indigenous Health and Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group. IA-R, JDF, SL, PJG, DBN, MN, CJW, LB-F, and SLH are funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research through the Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change programme. JJM acknowledges support from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), the Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program at Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies (via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health), Fondecyt (National Fund for Scientific, Technological Development and Technological Innovation) via Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica), British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), Department for International Development, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z), and the World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Wellcome, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funding sources had no role in the preparation of this Comment or in the decision to submit for publication. We acknowledge the contribution of Matthew King. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma-Rojas I, et al. Climate change and COVID-19: reinforcing Indigenous food systems. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381–82—In this Comment, the seventh author's name should be "J Jaime Miranda". This correction has been made as of Sept 9, 2020. Full-Text PDF Open AccessSupport Indigenous food system biocultural diversityThe Comment by Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo and colleagues1 was timely in emphasising the challenges faced by Indigenous peoples due to the combined effects of climate change, COVID-19, and longstanding inequities. Although pressure on Indigenous livelihoods is nothing new, current effects are extreme, both in terms of deaths due to the virus and disruptions to lifeways, including Indigenous food systems. Full-Text PDF Open Access السكان الأصليون معرضون بشكل خاص لخطر الإصابة بـ COVID -19 بسبب عوامل مثل التمييز والاستبعاد الاجتماعي ومصادرة الأراضي والانتشار العالي لأشكال سوء التغذية .1 أندرسون أنا روبسون ب كونولي م وآخرون. صحة الشعوب الأصلية والقبلية (التعاون العالمي لمعهد لانسيت- لويتجا): دراسة سكانية. 2016 ؛ 388: 131-157 ملخص النص الكامل الكامل PDF PubMed Scopus (592) يضاعف الباحث العلمي من Google تغير المناخ العديد من هذه الأسباب لعدم المساواة الصحية، مما يقوض آليات التكيف التي تستخدم تقليديًا لإدارة الأحداث المتطرفة مثل الأوبئة، وتعطيل النظم الغذائية والوجبات الغذائية المحلية.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL مرونة الشعوب الأصلية في مواجهة التغير البيئي. 2020 ؛ 2: 532-543 ملخص النص الكامل للنص الكامل PDF Scopus (122) الباحث العلمي من Google معالجة أوجه عدم المساواة الهيكلية الكامنة وتعزيز أنظمة المعرفة الأصلية توفر فرصًا لبناء القدرة على الصمود أمام الصدمات الاجتماعية البيئية المعقدة، بما في ذلك الآثار المناخية والأوبئة. يؤثر تغير المناخ على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين، مما يجعل السكان الأصليين عرضة لانعدام الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي .3 الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ تقرير خاص: الاحترار العالمي بمقدار 1·5 درجات مئوية .https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date:2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020 الباحث من Google لا تزال طبيعة ومدى آثار COVID -19 على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين غير معروفة إلى حد كبير، ولكن النتائج المباشرة تشمل الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض الشديدة، وانخفاض الوصول إلى الغذاء، والتغيرات في النظام الغذائي المحلي، والخسائر الاقتصادية الناتجة عن عمليات الإغلاق. وتمثل هذه النتائج عوائق أمام تعافي السكان الذين يواجهون بالفعل تحديات غذائية كبيرة. أثرت آثار الأوبئة السابقة على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين على الأطفال على وجه الخصوص، عندما أصبح البالغون مرضى وانخفض الوصول إلى الغذاء المنزلي .4 Mamelund S - E Sattenspiel L Dimka J الوفيات المرتبطة بالأنفلونزا خلال جائحة الأنفلونزا 1918–1919 في ألاسكا ولابرادور: مقارنة .Soc Sci Hist. 2013 ؛ 37: 177-229 الباحث العلمي من Google عدم كفاية تقديم الخدمات الصحية للسكان الأصليين، بما في ذلك الوصول الضئيل إلى الخدمات الآمنة ثقافيًا، 5 السلامة الثقافية في براسكوبي إس ووترز سي التي تستكشف إمكانية تطبيق مفهوم السلامة الثقافية على صحة السكان الأصليين وصحة المجتمع. Int J Indigen Health. 2006 ؛ 5: 6-41 يضيف الباحث العلمي من Google طبقة أخرى من التعقيد في مواجهة جائحة كوفيد-19. تقوض آثار تغير المناخ الأمن الغذائي للسكان الأصليين، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى تقويض قدرة السكان الأصليين على مواجهة الأوبئة. وفي الوقت نفسه، تؤدي الاضطرابات في الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي وما ينتج عنها من آثار صحية على السكان الأصليين أثناء الأوبئة إلى تفاقم تعرضهم لتغير المناخ. وفي هذا السياق، يجب أن يكون فهم النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين وتعزيزها وحمايتها في سياق تغير المناخ حجر الزاوية في التعافي بعد الجائحة. في منطقة الأمازون في بيرو، اختارت بعض مجتمعات السكان الأصليين الشاوي العزل الذاتي في الغابة خلال جائحة كوفيد-19 .6 Zavaleta C COVID -19: مراجعة بيانات الشعوب الأصلية .الطبيعة. 2020 ؛ 580: 185 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) الباحث العلمي من Google تعتمد هذه المجتمعات على النظم الغذائية التقليدية ومعرفة السكان الأصليين بالنظم الغذائية المحلية، ولديهم القليل من التوافر وإمكانية الوصول إلى الغذاء الخارجي وبرامج المساعدات الغذائية الحكومية. خلال هذا العزلة الذاتية، يرتبط الاعتماد على النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين ارتباطًا وثيقًا بمعارف السكان الأصليين حول الأرض والأنهار والتنوع البيولوجي، والتي تشمل معرفة التقنيات المحلية للحفاظ على الطعام وإعداده .7 وتعزز الدوافع غير المناخية المتعددة لانعدام الأمن الغذائي مسارات سوء التكيف مع تغير المناخ بين السكان الأصليين في بيرو شاوي في الأمازون .PLoS One. 2018; 13e0205714Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) الباحث من Google ومع ذلك، يتأثر الغذاء من الغابة بالتنوع البيولوجي وفقدان الغطاء النباتي: ترتبط موجات الحر وتباين هطول الأمطار والظواهر الجوية المتطرفة الأكثر تكرارًا وشدة بإزالة الغابات وتغير المناخ وتتفاقم بسبب ضعف مهارات الصيد وصيد الأسماك التقليدية نتيجة للتغيرات المناخية والمجتمعية .6 Zavaleta C -1919: مراجعة بيانات الشعوب الأصلية .الطبيعة. 2020 ؛ 580: 185Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar، 8Marengo JA Souza Jr، CM Thonicke K et al. التغيرات في المناخ واستخدام الأراضي في منطقة الأمازون: التقلبات والاتجاهات الحالية والمستقبلية. 2018 ؛ 6: 228 Crossref Scopus (219) الباحث العلمي من Google، 9Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J الناس وتغير المناخ: الضعف والتكيف والعدالة الاجتماعية. منحة أكسفورد عبر الإنترنت، أكسفورد2019: 184 الباحث العلمي من Google في القطب الشمالي، يشهد الإنويت بعضًا من أسرع معدلات الاحترار على مستوى العالم .3 الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ تقرير خاص: الاحترار العالمي بمقدار 1·5 درجات مئوية .https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Date:2018Date accessed: July 24, 2020 الباحث العلمي من Google ساعد بعد المنطقة وقيود السفر في الحد من انتشار COVID -19 ؛ ومع ذلك، كان لاضطرابات شبكات الإمداد آثار على توافر الغذاء في المجتمعات التي تعتمد على الغذاء بالتجزئة الذي يتم نقله من المناطق الجنوبية. لإدارة هذه الاضطرابات، وحصاد ومشاركة الأطعمة المحلية، والتي تمارس على نطاق واسع في العديد من مناطق القطب الشمالي، 9 Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J الناس وتغير المناخ: الضعف والتكيف والعدالة الاجتماعية. منحة أكسفورد عبر الإنترنت، أكسفورد2019: 184 ساعد الباحث العلمي من Google في الحفاظ على الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي. ومع ذلك، في الوقت نفسه، تعرضت هذه النظم الغذائية المحلية للسكان الأصليين للخطر بسبب الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة، بما في ذلك درجات الحرارة القياسية والجفاف وحرائق الغابات. في أوغندا، التزم بعض السكان الأصليين (على سبيل المثال، باتوا) بتدابير COVID -19، بما في ذلك التباعد الجسدي، والبقاء في المنزل، وتجنب المراكز التجارية بسبب الحشود، التي تتحدى الأمن الغذائي والتغذوي من خلال تقييد الوصول إلى الأسواق. علاوة على ذلك، لم تصل المساعدات الغذائية الحكومية في الوقت المناسب إلى السكان الأصليين بشكل كافٍ. أدى الإغلاق الموسع في أوغندا، لا سيما بالنسبة للمناطق الحدودية حيث يعيش العديد من السكان الأصليين، إلى إعاقة حركتهم للوصول إلى مناطق الغابات للبحث عن الطعام، والوصول إلى المجتمعات المجاورة لتقديم العمالة مقابل تبادل الغذاء، والوصول إلى الحقول الزراعية لإنتاج الغذاء. تتفاقم هذه التحديات بسبب التأثيرات المناخية الحالية، 9 Harper SL Berrang - Ford L Carcamo C et al.The Indigenous climate - food - health nexus.in: Mason LR Rigg J People and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and social justice. Oxford Scholarship Online، Oxford2019: 184Crossref Google Scholar بما في ذلك الفيضانات الأخيرة في عام 2019 التي ألحقت الضرر بالمحاصيل، وأضرت بإنتاج الغذاء، 10Chang 'a LB Kijazi Al Mafuru KB et al. تقييم التطور والآثار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لأحداث هطول الأمطار الشديدة في أكتوبر 2019 فوق شرق إفريقيا. Atmos Clim Sci. 2020 ؛ 10: 319-338 الباحث العلمي من Google وقلل من قدرة السكان الأصليين على الصمود عندما ضربت جائحة COVID -19. يتحدى تغير المناخ مرونة النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين مع تداعيات مباشرة وفورية على صحة وتغذية السكان الأصليين.2Ford JD King N Galappaththi EK Pearce T McDowell G Harper SL قدرة السكان الأصليين على التكيف مع التغير البيئي. أرض واحدة. 2020 ؛ 2: 532-543 ملخص النص الكامل النص الكامل PDF Scopus (122) الباحث العلمي من Google في عالمنا المترابط للغاية، انتقلت جائحة COVID -19 بسهولة عبر القارات، ووصلت إلى المواقع الجغرافية النائية ومجتمعات السكان الأصليين في أقل من 6 أشهر. هناك فرصة حيوية لدعم السكان الأصليين الذين يواجهون العبء المزدوج والمتفشي للمخاطر الاجتماعية والبيئية المركبة والمتتالية، مثل تغير المناخ والأوبئة، من خلال إعطاء الأولوية لحماية المصادر الغذائية الرئيسية للسكان الأصليين (مثل الغابات الاستوائية والنظم الإيكولوجية في القطب الشمالي)، من خلال تعزيز ودعم أهمية نظم معارف السكان الأصليين، من خلال تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد الصحية الآمنة ثقافيًا، ومن خلال حماية الوصول إلى الأراضي والموارد الطبيعية للسكان الأصليين وحقوقهم فيها. لقد حان الوقت لضمان ألا تؤدي القرارات ومسارات التنمية الحالية إلى زيادة تعريض مرونة النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين للخطر، والتي لها أدوار أساسية في استجابة السكان الأصليين للأوبئة الحالية والمستقبلية والتغيرات المناخية. تم تصحيح هذا المنشور عبر الإنترنت. ظهرت النسخة المصححة لأول مرة على thelancet.com/planetary-health في 9 سبتمبر 2020 تم تصحيح هذا المنشور عبر الإنترنت. ظهرت النسخة المصححة لأول مرة على thelancet.com/planetary-health في 9 سبتمبر 2020 نعلن عدم وجود مصالح متنافسة. تم دعم CZ - C من قبل المعهد الوطني للبحوث الصحية (NIHR)، باستخدام تمويل المساعدة الإنمائية الرسمية في المملكة المتحدة، ومن قبل ويلكوم (218743/Z/19/Z) في إطار الشراكة بين المؤسسة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان ويلكوم لبحوث الصحة العالمية. CZ - C عضو في مجموعة أبحاث صحة السكان الأصليين والتكيف مع تغير المناخ. يتم تمويل IA - R و JDF و SL و PJG و DBN و MN و CJW و LB - F و SLH من قبل المعاهد الكندية للبحوث الصحية من خلال برنامج تكيف صحة السكان الأصليين مع تغير المناخ. تقر JJM بالدعم المقدم من التحالف من أجل أبحاث السياسات والنظم الصحية (HQHSR1206660)، وبرنامج برنارد لوين في برنامج صحة القلب والأوعية الدموية في كلية هارفارد تي إتش تشان للصحة العامة (BLSCHP -1902)، و Bloomberg Philanthropies (عبر جامعة نورث كارولينا في مدرسة تشابل هيل للصحة العامة)، و Fondecyt (الصندوق الوطني للتنمية العلمية والتكنولوجية والابتكار التكنولوجي) عبر Cienciactiva at Concytec (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacíon Tecnologica)، والمجلس البريطاني، والسفارة البريطانية وصندوق Newton - Paulet (223-2018، 224-2018)، وإدارة التنمية الدولية، ومجلس البحوث الطبية (MRC)، و Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1)، مركز Fogarty الدولي (R21TW009982، D71T010877)، التحديات الكبرى كندا (0335-04)، المركز الدولي لبحوث التنمية كندا (IDRC 106887، 108167)، معهد البلدان الأمريكية لبحوث التغيير العالمي (IAI CRN3036)، MRC (MR/P008984/1، MR/P024408/1، MR/P02386X/1)، المعهد الوطني للسرطان (1P20CA217231)، المعهد الوطني للقلب والرئة والدم (HHSN268200900033C، 5U01HL114180، 1UM1HL134590)، المعهد الوطني للصحة العقلية (1U19MH098780)، المؤسسة الوطنية السويسرية للعلوم (40P740 -160366)، ويلكوم (074833/Z/04/Z، 093541/Z/10/Z، 103994/Z/14/Z، 107435/Z/15/Z، 205177/Z/16/Z، 214185/Z/18/Z، 218743/Z/19/Z)، والمؤسسة العالمية للسكري (WDF15 -1224). الآراء المعبر عنها هي آراء المؤلفين وليست بالضرورة آراء ويلكوم أو المؤسسة الوطنية لحقوق الإنسان أو وزارة الصحة والرعاية الاجتماعية. لم يكن لمصادر التمويل أي دور في إعداد هذا التعليق أو في قرار التقديم للنشر. نحن نعترف بمساهمة ماثيو كينغ. Download .pdf (.12 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e381 -82Zavaleta - Cortijo C, Ford JD, Arotoma - Rojas I, et al. تغير المناخ وكوفيد-19: تعزيز النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين. لانسيت بلانيت هيلث 2020 ؛ 4: e381 -82 - في هذا التعليق، يجب أن يكون اسم المؤلف السابع "جايمي ميراندا". تم إجراء هذا التصحيح اعتبارًا من 9 سبتمبر 2020. النص الكامل PDF الوصول المفتوحدعم التنوع البيولوجي الثقافي للنظام الغذائي للسكان الأصليينتعليق كارول زافاليتا- كورتيجو وزملائها1 جاء في الوقت المناسب للتأكيد على التحديات التي تواجهها الشعوب الأصلية بسبب الآثار المشتركة لتغير المناخ، وكوفيد-19، وأوجه عدم المساواة الطويلة الأمد. على الرغم من أن الضغط على سبل عيش السكان الأصليين ليس بالأمر الجديد، إلا أن الآثار الحالية شديدة، سواء من حيث الوفيات الناجمة عن الفيروس أو الاضطرابات في طرق الحياة، بما في ذلك النظم الغذائية للسكان الأصليين. الوصول المفتوح للنص الكامل PDF

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    Authors: Paul R. Furumo; Jianguo Liu; Jian Zhang; Yue Dou; +7 Authors

    Increasing connections and influences from near to far have changed social structures, access to natural resources, and essential livelihoods of smallholders (i.e., those with incomes generated primarily from natural resources on small rural properties). However, the potential benefits and negative impacts from these connections to smallholders’ livelihoods and social-ecological effects remain understudied. In this paper, we applied the frameworks of pericoupling and telecoupling (human-nature interactions between adjacent and distant systems, respectively) to systematically investigate how the flows linking smallholder systems to other systems affect their livelihoods, and causing varying economic, social, and environmental effects from case to case. We synthesized 12 cases of smallholder systems around the world that are linked to adjacent and distant systems through flows of goods, people, resources, and/or information. In each case, we summarized smallholders’ agency, i.e., capability on the formation or operation of these flows, and the changes on livelihoods on the economic, social, and environment effects. Results suggest that strong smallholder agency is associated more with positive than negative effects. Smallholders with medium to high agency have greater overall well-being within the area of interest. Smallholders integrated in pericoupled systems often have strong agency. Being spillover systems in an intercoupled system (e.g., large-scale agricultural investments) can often cause negative outcomes unless smallholders have additional pericoupling flows. Our findings suggest one potential approach to ending poverty and increasing well-being for smallholders is creating and increasing pericoupling flows to empower smallholders for desired livelihood and social-ecological outcomes.

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    Authors: Reinhard Prestele; Annette L. Hirsch; Edouard L. Davin; Sonia I. Seneviratne; +1 Authors

    AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) is widely promoted as a sustainable agricultural management strategy with the potential to alleviate some of the adverse effects of modern, industrial agriculture such as large‐scale soil erosion, nutrient leaching and overexploitation of water resources. Moreover, agricultural land managed under CA is proposed to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation through reduced emission of greenhouse gases, increased solar radiation reflection, and the sustainable use of soil and water resources. Due to the lack of official reporting schemes, the amount of agricultural land managed under CA systems is uncertain and spatially explicit information about the distribution of CA required for various modeling studies is missing. Here, we present an approach to downscale present‐day national‐level estimates of CA to a 5 arcminute regular grid, based on multicriteria analysis. We provide a best estimate of CA distribution and an uncertainty range in the form of a low and high estimate of CA distribution, reflecting the inconsistency in CA definitions. We also design two scenarios of the potential future development of CA combining present‐day data and an assessment of the potential for implementation using biophysical and socioeconomic factors. By our estimates, 122–215 Mha or 9%–15% of global arable land is currently managed under CA systems. The lower end of the range represents CA as an integrated system of permanent no‐tillage, crop residue management and crop rotations, while the high estimate includes a wider range of areas primarily devoted to temporary no‐tillage or reduced tillage operations. Our scenario analysis suggests a future potential of CA in the range of 533–1130 Mha (38%–81% of global arable land). Our estimates can be used in various ecosystem modeling applications and are expected to help identifying more realistic climate mitigation and adaptation potentials of agricultural practices.

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    Global Change Biology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2018
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    Authors: Bahn, Michael; Lattanzi, Fernando A.; Hasibeder, Roland; Wild, Birgit; +6 Authors

    Summary Carbon (C) allocation strongly influences plant and soil processes. Short‐term C allocation dynamics in ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes are still poorly understood. Using in situ 13CO2 pulse labeling, we studied the effects of 1 wk of shading on the transfer of recent photoassimilates between sugars and starch of above‐ and belowground plant organs and to soil microbial communities of a mountain meadow. C allocation to roots and microbial communities was rapid. Shading strongly reduced sucrose and starch concentrations in shoots, but not roots, and affected tracer dynamics in sucrose and starch of shoots, but not roots: recent C was slowly incorporated into root starch irrespective of the shading treatment. Shading reduced leaf respiration more strongly than root respiration. It caused no reduction in the amount of 13C incorporated into fungi and Gram‐negative bacteria, but increased its residence time. These findings suggest that, under interrupted C supply, belowground C allocation (as reflected by the amount of tracer allocated to root starch, soil microbial communities and belowground respiration) was maintained at the expense of aboveground C status, and that C source strength may affect the turnover of recent plant‐derived C in soil microbial communities.

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    The increasing international trade of agricultural products has contributed to a larger diversity of food at low prices and represents an important economic value. However, such trade can also cause social, environmental and economic impacts beyond the limits of the countries directly involved in the exchange. Agricultural systems are telecoupled because the impacts caused by trade can generate important feedback loops, spillovers, rebound effects, time lags and non-linearities across multiple geographical and temporal scales that make these impacts more difficult to identify and mitigate. We make a comparative review of current impact assessment methods to analyze their suitability to assess the impacts of telecoupled agricultural supply chains. Given the large impacts caused by agricultural production on land systems, we focus on the capacity of methods to account for and spatially allocate direct and indirect land use change. Our analysis identifies trade-offs between methods with respect to the elements of the telecoupled system they address. Hybrid methods are a promising field to navigate these trade-offs. Knowledge gaps in assessing indirect land use change should be overcome in order to improve the accuracy of assessments.

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      Sustainability
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2019
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Salvatore Di Falco; ADINOLFI, FELICE; Martina Bozzola; Fabian Capitan;

    AbstractFinancial insurance for extreme events can play an important role in hedging against the implications of climate change. This paper combines a comprehensive estimation strategy and a unique panel dataset to study the role of financial insurance in farmers' welfare under uncertainty. Data are drawn from a large Italian farm panel dataset. We find that (i) demand for insurance products is likely to increase in response to climatic conditions, and (ii) that the use of insurance reduces the extent of risk exposure. We also find that farms growing more crops are less likely to adopt the insurance scheme. This confirms what is found in the theoretical literature. Crop diversification can be a substitute for financial insurance in hedging against the impact of risk exposure on welfare.

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    Journal of Agricultural Economics
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Agricultural Economics
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Helle Margrete Meltzer; Anne Lise Brantsæter; Ellen Trolle; Hanna Eneroth; +3 Authors

    “The Nordic diet” is an umbrella term that encompasses any interpretation that combines Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) with local Nordic foods. The five Nordic countries have collaborated on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for forty years, including FBDGs, so their national guidelines are similar. The countries also share similar public health issues, including widespread nonconformity to the guidelines, although in different ways. The aim of this concept paper is to discuss environmental sustainability aspects of the Nordic diet, describe the status of and make suggestions for the inclusion of sustainability in future work on the Nordic diet. We exploit the sustainability–health synergy. A food intake more in line with the current FBDGs, which emphasises more plant-based and less animal-based foods, is necessary for high environmental sustainability. In turn, sustainability is an important motivator for health-promoting dietary shifts. Policy development requires long-term efforts. Since the Nordic diet can be considered a further development and improvement of old, traditional diets, there is huge potential to formulate a Nordic diet that benefits both human and planetary health. It is time for concerted engagement and actions—a new Nordic nutrition transition.

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    Nutrients
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Nutrients
    Article
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    Nutrients
    Article . 2020
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2019
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    Nutrients
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Nutrients
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nutrients
      Article . 2020
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      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2019
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      Nutrients
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Kate Saunders; Suzana Blesic; Wenyan Wu; Ana Bastos; +20 Authors

    <p>Compound weather and climate events are combinations of climate drivers and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Studying compound events often requires a multidisciplinary approach combining domain knowledge of the underlying processes with, for example, statistical methods and climate model outputs. Recently, to aid the development of research on compound events, four compound event types were introduced, namely (a) <em>preconditioned</em>, (b) <em>multivariate</em>, (c) t<em>emporally compounding</em>, and (d) <em>spatially compounding</em> events. However, guidelines on how to study these types of events are still lacking. Here, we consider four case studies, each associated with a specific event type and a research question, to illustrate how the key elements of compound events (e.g., analytical tools and relevant physical effects) can be identified. These case studies show that (a) impacts on crops from hot and dry summers can be exacerbated by preconditioning effects of dry and bright springs. (b) Assessing compound coastal flooding in Perth (Australia) requires considering the dynamics of a non-stationary multivariate process. For instance, future mean sea-level rise will lead to the emergence of concurrent coastal and fluvial extremes, enhancing compound flooding risk. (c) In Portugal, deep-landslides are often caused by temporal clusters of moderate precipitation events. Finally, (d) crop yield failures in France and Germany are strongly correlated, threatening European food security through spatially compounding effects. These analyses allow for identifying general recommendations for studying compound events. Overall, our insights can serve as a blueprint for compound event analysis across disciplines and sectors.</p>

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    CORE
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: CORE
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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Earth's Future
    Article
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    Data sources: Datacite
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2021
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      Earth's Future
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      Earth's Future
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    Authors: Simon Hodge; Oliver Schweiger; Alexandra-Maria Klein; Simon G. Potts; +43 Authors

    To provide a complete portrayal of the multiple factors negatively impacting insects in agricultural landscapes it is necessary to assess the concurrent incidence, magnitude, and interactions among multiple stressors over substantial biogeographical scales. Trans-national ecological field investigations with wide-ranging stakeholders typically encounter numerous challenges during the design planning stages, not least that the scientific soundness of a spatially replicated study design must account for the substantial geographic and climatic variation among distant sites. ‘PoshBee’ (Pan-European assessment, monitoring, and mitigation of Stressors on the Health of Bees) is a multi-partner transdisciplinary agroecological project established to investigate the suite of stressors typically encountered by pollinating insects in European agricultural landscapes. To do this, PoshBee established a network of 128 study sites across eight European countries and collected over 50 measurements and samples relating to the nutritional, toxicological, pathogenic, and landscape components of the bees’ environment. This paper describes the development process, rationale, and end-result of each aspect of the of the PoshBee field investigation. We describe the main issues and challenges encountered during the design stages and highlight a number of actions or processes that may benefit other multi-partner research consortia planning similar large-scale studies. It was soon identified that in a multi-component study design process, the development of interaction and communication networks involving all collaborators and stakeholders requires considerable time and resources. It was also necessary at each planning stage to be mindful of the needs and objectives of all stakeholders and partners, and further challenges inevitably arose when practical limitations, such as time restrictions and labour constraints, were superimposed upon prototype study designs. To promote clarity for all stakeholders, for each sub-component of the study, there should be a clear record of the rationale and reasoning that outlines how the final design transpired, what compromises were made, and how the requirements of different stakeholders were accomplished. Ultimately, multi-national agroecological field studies such as PoshBee benefit greatly from the involvement of diverse stakeholders and partners, ranging from field ecologists, project managers, policy legislators, mathematical modelers, and farmer organisations. While the execution of the study highlighted the advantages and benefits of large-scale transdisciplinary projects, the long planning period emphasized the need to formally describe a design framework that could facilitate the design process of future multi-partner collaborations.

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