• Energy Research
• 11. Sustainability close
• 13. Climate action close
• 12. Responsible consumption close
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Purpose. Efficient use of natural energy resources is one of the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of universities and institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Besides search and development the new efficient and clean energy systems it is necessary to implement optimal management of the development and operation of existing facilities, reducing their energy costs. Purpose of this work is to develop consumption volume technology of electricity and heat by scientific departments of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan (DNURT) for further finding the ways to reduce energy consumption. The problem is due to the specifics of University’s energy scheme. There is a difficulty for the installation of energy meters and data acquisition about their use in individual branches and structural units. At the same time it is impossible to assess qualitatively the energy position of scientific departments. Methodology. The method to determine the electricity and heat consumption for space heating of scientific departments at the university is based on «The intersectoral rules of electricity and heat energy for institutions and public sector organizations in Ukraine» and «Codes and regulations on rationing of fuel and heat energy for heating the residential buildings as well as for economic needs in Ukraine». Findings. Developed determining expenditure technology of electricity and heat for heating by scientific departments at the DNURT named after Academician V. Lazaryan allows obtaining data on energy consumption in individual units without direct measure and analyzing the effectiveness of energy saving technologies. Originality. It is represented by energy costs in the form of two components and these components are defined on the basis of the energy audit. This enables the energy inputs to implement energy efficiency measures in the research departments of the university. Practical value. The developed method can be used as practical tools to monitor energy consumption in the above mentioned university and in similar facilities.

Purpose. In modern conditions of energy consumption growth and a rapid increase in energy prices the actual problem is the development and implementation of energy efficiency programs and resource-saving conversion in to a source to provide the needs of industry and municipal power. The paper aims to solve the urgent problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel-energy ones and heat supply system optimization on the basis of Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). Methodology. The work investigated the process of heating and hot water supply in the course of 2007-2015 years. Implementation of current problems of energy saving is grounded on the scientific-practical and efficient assurance of fuel and energy usage. At the same time energy-saving technologies are viewed as a priority direction of the energy sector development, reduction of man-induced impact on the environment and as a way of improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Findings. Statistical data acquisition and analyzing of gas flow and outside air temperature for nine years was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, the problem was identified and specific targets for its solutions were set. Originality. Scientific novelty lies in solving the problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel resources in Ukraine through the use of a systematic approach, the methodology development of efficient use of different fuels and optimization of local heating operation, applying contemporary automation and control systems. Firstly it was in detail analyzed and conducted the comprehensive assessment of various factors influence on energy conservation. It takes into account the human factor, professionalism and responsibility of the operators of boilers and their superiors, as well as the relevant control services. Practical value. For UNUH campus hybrid use of solid fuel and gas boilers was carried out. Decentralization of the university heating system has been conducted through the restoration of 350 individual heating systems in residential buildings, remote departments and campus dormitories. The conclusions propose the list of activities upon the real economy of fuel and energy resources, and measures to overcome the economic and political crisis in the country.

Problem. The tendency to reduce the working volume of internal combustion engines, which has emerged in recent years in the global automotive industry, is due to the need to improve the environmental situation and energy efficiency of road transport. Goal. The aim of the study is to increase the energy efficiency of vehicles by rationally reducing the maximum effective engine capacity. Methodology. The work uses the method of partial accelerations, implemented in a mobile registration and measurement complex, which allowed the authors to obtain an improved formula for calculating the force of aerodynamic resistance. Experimental studies of car aerodynamics were also carried out. Results. The article presents the results of the authors' research, which made it possible to prove the possibility of reducing the power of the internal combustion engine while maintaining the specified maximum speed and the specified level of indicators of the dynamic properties of cars. Originality. The relationship between the degree of use of the maximum engine power and the relative change in the effective specific fuel consumption of a carburetor gasoline engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel is determined. Practical value. Calculations performed on the example of the ZAZ-1103 "Slavuta" car showed that a rational reduction in effective power allows for a 9.5% reduction in fuel consumption, and for an engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel engines, this leads to an increase in fuel consumption by 6.7 % and 20.3%, respectively.

Purpose.The railways of Ukraine have been operated the locomotives, which are both morally and physically obsolete. Therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of rail transport it is necessary to update the locomotive fleet, and first of all the fleet of electric locomotives, because electrified railways provide the greater part of passenger and freight traffic. In this connection it is of special importance to determine the optimum parameters of the nominal mode of electric rolling stock. The purpose of the work is to examine the features of solution of these problems with respect to electric locomotives. Methodology. Assuming that the limit values of traction force are determined by the conditions of wheel-rail grip, then the power of the nominal mode can be represented as the product of rated speed, estimated friction coefficient, train weight and the coefficients that represent the ratio of the estimated (starting) value of traction force to value of traction force the nominal mode and the ratio of the mass of the locomotive to the train weight. Since the mass of the train is not a constant value, there is always a surplus power of the locomotive fleet required for the mastering of a predetermined volume of transportations. Reduced overcapacity of the locomotive fleet can be achieved by introduction of the locomotives of different power, designed for driving trains of different weight that will result in increased completeness of the power use but also in difficulty in selecting of locomotives for trains in operation. The paper shows the method of calculating the optimum values of power, speed and traction force of the nominal mode. It presents the mathematical model of the relationship of traction rate, excessive capacity and power of the traction unit. Findings.It is proved that the power of the traction unit, the total fleet power requirement and the excess of power in absolute units are proportional to the speed of the nominal mode. To reduce the total power of the fleet when selecting the optimum power of the traction unit it is necessary to take into consideration the speed of the nominal mode, defined by the condition of minimization of power consumption for traction, i.e. the smallest value that enables the implementation of the given running speed and the powerredundancy level required for operation. Originality. It consists in the development of a unified algorithm for determining the optimal parameter values of the nominal mode of passenger, freight and freight-passenger electric locomotives. Practical value. The authors determined the minimization costs during production, acquisition and maintenance of electric locomotives, whose nominal mode parameters are designed according to the above procedure.

The paper represents the analysis, which has helped to establish the usage of gas hydrate technologies in the methane conversion. This gas could be obtained in different ways. Possibilities and sources for the gas obtaining have been demonstrated. Use of other environmentally friendly sources to support operation in such systems in terms of joint energy complex has been considered. The necessary kinetic connections to provide operational sustainability of all the constituents have been given. The approach helps evaluate quantitatively the priority of its physicochemical transformations to obtain gas hydrates artificially. It is possible to transport methane at considerable distances when it is solidified. Actually, in this case there is no necessity to build costly compressor stations and pipelines for its transportation to consumers. The approach is extremely important for mining regions as it helps prolong the operating period and working out of the abandoned and off-balance coal reserves. In this case, it is proposed to apply special gasification technologies tending to maximum methane recovery. The proposed solutions give the possibility to define the trends of our further research. They will be highlighted in the following authors’ studies.

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to systematize and analyse in-depth current trends in the field of landslide prevention and development in different countries of the world, especially in Ukraine, as well as to consider and highlight the main factors that cause landslides, and to study in detail the methods of their prediction and minimization of relevant risks. Methodology. Landslides are a serious geological hazard. Currently, there is a tendency to increase the frequency of landslides due to anthropogenic impact worldwide. The natural processes of the geological environment, together with the development of mineral deposits, massive and large-scale land development, lead to the intensification of landslide processes. The cause of landslide formation is an imbalance between the shear force of gravity and the retaining forces. Findings. The number of landslides in recent years has been analysed and their distribution on different continents has been considered in detail. The causes of landslides in Ukraine and other countries of the world are identified and systematized. The urgency of the problem of landslide phenomena in Ukraine is considered, and the need for progressive study of landslide formation processes in order to prevent them is emphasized. The importance of continuous monitoring of slope stability is emphasized to reduce risks and improve safety. Originality. A comprehensive study of current trends in the occurrence and development of landslides in different countries of the world and Ukraine in particular was carried out, taking into account the latest advances in the field of geology, geomechanics and construction. Based on the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the need for progressive study of landslide processes in order to prevent them. Practical value. The results of the review of landslide prevention trends can be effectively used to improve natural risk management strategies, as well as to develop new and improve existing engineering measures aimed at preventing landslides. This, in turn, will help to improve the safety of both the population and critical infrastructure.

Purpose. The scientific work aims to develop a new method for assessing the level of chemical air pollution in working zones located in open areas near highways using screens of different heights. Methodology. The analytical method for calculating the airflow velocity field near protective screens is based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of complex variable functions, which allows obtaining the value of the velocity potential and the flow function, to calculate the velocity value at any point of the plane with a screen of different height. The obtained velocity field is used to calculate the level of carbon monoxide concentration in the numerical solution of the two-dimensional mass transfer equation. Findings. The developed program of numerical calculation allows conducting computational experiments on the effectiveness of the use of protective screens, taking into account changes in their geometry and meteorological conditions. The developed method based on the obtained concentration field makes it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of chronic intoxication for the employees of the take-out trade, who are within the zone of the emission source (highway) for a long time. Originality. The regularities of changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide are established depending on the distance to the emission source at a height of 2 m from the ground in the presence of a screen of a certain height and in its absence. A risk assessment of chronic carbon monoxide intoxication has been carried out for take-out trade workers near the highway. It is shown that the presence of the screen reduces the risk of chronic CO intoxication by 10% as compared to its absence. Increasing the screen height to 1.8 m reduces the risk of chronic intoxication by 6% relatively to the situation when the screen height is 1.2 m. Practical value. The developed numerical-analytical method for calculating the level of chemical pollution in working zones in open areas and the program «Screen» created on its basis allow us to carry out a prompt forecast of atmospheric air pollution level with carbon monoxide taking into account the effectiveness of the screens. Quantitative results are necessary at the planning stage of trading places near highways, during the architectural-planned reorganization of adjacent developments.