• Energy Research
• 11. Sustainability close
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Purpose. In modern conditions of energy consumption growth and a rapid increase in energy prices the actual problem is the development and implementation of energy efficiency programs and resource-saving conversion in to a source to provide the needs of industry and municipal power. The paper aims to solve the urgent problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel-energy ones and heat supply system optimization on the basis of Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). Methodology. The work investigated the process of heating and hot water supply in the course of 2007-2015 years. Implementation of current problems of energy saving is grounded on the scientific-practical and efficient assurance of fuel and energy usage. At the same time energy-saving technologies are viewed as a priority direction of the energy sector development, reduction of man-induced impact on the environment and as a way of improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Findings. Statistical data acquisition and analyzing of gas flow and outside air temperature for nine years was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, the problem was identified and specific targets for its solutions were set. Originality. Scientific novelty lies in solving the problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel resources in Ukraine through the use of a systematic approach, the methodology development of efficient use of different fuels and optimization of local heating operation, applying contemporary automation and control systems. Firstly it was in detail analyzed and conducted the comprehensive assessment of various factors influence on energy conservation. It takes into account the human factor, professionalism and responsibility of the operators of boilers and their superiors, as well as the relevant control services. Practical value. For UNUH campus hybrid use of solid fuel and gas boilers was carried out. Decentralization of the university heating system has been conducted through the restoration of 350 individual heating systems in residential buildings, remote departments and campus dormitories. The conclusions propose the list of activities upon the real economy of fuel and energy resources, and measures to overcome the economic and political crisis in the country.

Problem. The tendency to reduce the working volume of internal combustion engines, which has emerged in recent years in the global automotive industry, is due to the need to improve the environmental situation and energy efficiency of road transport. Goal. The aim of the study is to increase the energy efficiency of vehicles by rationally reducing the maximum effective engine capacity. Methodology. The work uses the method of partial accelerations, implemented in a mobile registration and measurement complex, which allowed the authors to obtain an improved formula for calculating the force of aerodynamic resistance. Experimental studies of car aerodynamics were also carried out. Results. The article presents the results of the authors' research, which made it possible to prove the possibility of reducing the power of the internal combustion engine while maintaining the specified maximum speed and the specified level of indicators of the dynamic properties of cars. Originality. The relationship between the degree of use of the maximum engine power and the relative change in the effective specific fuel consumption of a carburetor gasoline engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel is determined. Practical value. Calculations performed on the example of the ZAZ-1103 "Slavuta" car showed that a rational reduction in effective power allows for a 9.5% reduction in fuel consumption, and for an engine with direct injection of gasoline and diesel engines, this leads to an increase in fuel consumption by 6.7 % and 20.3%, respectively.

The article explores the problem of changing the worldview of mankind and the transition to the concept of sustainable development, which requires harmonization of the economic, environmental and social component to ensure the life of modern generations without prejudice to future ones. The conditions for the emergence of the concept of sustainable development and the progress of countries in achieving it using the index of achieving sustainable development goals are studied. A significant role in the process of studying the goals of sustainable development is given to ecologization of all life spheres, including the economy. The place of ecologization in the goals and objectives of sustainable development is determined, the interpretation of ecologization and the evolution of this concept are analyzed. The ecologization of economy has passed certain stages in its development and has led to the emergence of a new direction of science and practical activity − the ecological economy, which was formed at the intersection of economics and ecology. The main task of the ecological economy is to reduce the eco-destructive impact on the environment from human economic activity. Ecological economy adheres to the goals and objectives of sustainable development and is an integral part of a sustainable economy, reflecting its environmental aspect. Determination of the country's subsidiaries in ecologization of the economy is carried out using the green economy index, which reflects the degree of ecologization in various fields and has something in common with the index of achieving sustainable development goals. A comparative analysis of the indices of sustainable development and the green economy index, their values for Ukraine. The composition of the ecological (green) economy includes other ecologicallyoriented types of economy, each of which studies a certain direction of ecologization and reducing the eco-destructive impact on the environment. With the development of ecological thinking and a change in the worldview of mankind, the number of environmentally-oriented types of economy will increase as the number of scientific studies on environmental issues increases, which, in turn, will achieve the goals of sustainable development

Nowadays, transport systems efficiency plays a key role for communities’ liveability and economy, being in addition an important factor in the economic integration of countries. The purpose of the article is to develop multi-stage models of tourist activities for optimizing the development of operating companies. For the implementation of models, the authors evolved the relevant system of organizational-functional support for the development of railway tourism. The research will enable us to take into consideration risks when planning tourist routes by railway, determine the order of construction or start of routes, and assess their profitability. This will provide to earn the expected incomes of all interested parties in tourist activities for the specified period. The authors created economic-mathematical models of the discrete optimal planning of the railway tourism operations. This takes into account conditions of risks and cooperation, and allows to determine which sets of effective routes are the most profitable ones. The results of the realization of the developed models include the task of the succession of the tourist route introduction according to the present and future infrastructure, availability of the rolling stock, etc. In this, consideration is given to obtaining maximum profit from tourism businesses for every participant during an established period.

Purpose. The scientific work aims to develop a new method for assessing the level of chemical air pollution in working zones located in open areas near highways using screens of different heights. Methodology. The analytical method for calculating the airflow velocity field near protective screens is based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of complex variable functions, which allows obtaining the value of the velocity potential and the flow function, to calculate the velocity value at any point of the plane with a screen of different height. The obtained velocity field is used to calculate the level of carbon monoxide concentration in the numerical solution of the two-dimensional mass transfer equation. Findings. The developed program of numerical calculation allows conducting computational experiments on the effectiveness of the use of protective screens, taking into account changes in their geometry and meteorological conditions. The developed method based on the obtained concentration field makes it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of chronic intoxication for the employees of the take-out trade, who are within the zone of the emission source (highway) for a long time. Originality. The regularities of changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide are established depending on the distance to the emission source at a height of 2 m from the ground in the presence of a screen of a certain height and in its absence. A risk assessment of chronic carbon monoxide intoxication has been carried out for take-out trade workers near the highway. It is shown that the presence of the screen reduces the risk of chronic CO intoxication by 10% as compared to its absence. Increasing the screen height to 1.8 m reduces the risk of chronic intoxication by 6% relatively to the situation when the screen height is 1.2 m. Practical value. The developed numerical-analytical method for calculating the level of chemical pollution in working zones in open areas and the program «Screen» created on its basis allow us to carry out a prompt forecast of atmospheric air pollution level with carbon monoxide taking into account the effectiveness of the screens. Quantitative results are necessary at the planning stage of trading places near highways, during the architectural-planned reorganization of adjacent developments.

Problem. Development and implementation of green technologies is both an urgent and a cost-effective scientific and engineering task. Therefore, the issues related to the study of renewable energy sources, which are used as the main sources of energy for electric vehicles, are quite relevant and promising. At the same time, an equally important question is how profitable is building solar charging stations in terms of both ecology and economy. Goal. The aim is calculation and analysis of technical and economic indicators of a solar charging station for electric vehicles (EV). Methodology. The analytical methods of studying the development and application of the ways and devices to transform the energy of the sun into electricity are used, as well as the methods of experimental research and mathematical methods of processing and modulation of the received results; methods of calculating technical and economic indicators. Results. The review of the literature on the development of renewable energy sources, in particular, solar power plants, and the spread of electric vehicles with the gradual displacement (replacement) of traditional cars working on internal combustion engines with electric vehicles (BEV and PHEV) was made. The main parameters and technical characteristics of the solar-powered charging station (SPCS) were studied. For the analysis and calculation of technical and economic indicators of SPCS for EV it is offered to take a SPP with a capacity of 20 kW as a basis. The calculation of SPCS electricity generation both for own consumption and for power supply of EV and the sale of surplus electricity to the general network at the “green tariff” was carried out. Originality. The technical and economic calculation of SCS was made taking into account the rise of electricity prices in Kharkiv region (Ukraine). Practical value. According to the analysis of the obtained results, it can be said that the payback period of SPCS for EV is about 7.9 years. If we consider the constant increase in the cost of electricity (approximately 15% per year), we can expect the payback after 6.8 years of operation.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an investigation as to the interconnection between main exterior factors which can influence the power consumption during the vehicle movement in the conditions of real operation. According to the results of theoretic researches, there was determined an influence of every factor on the power consumption during vehicle movement in the modes typical for Lutsk city. There was established a contribution of the factors into the total power consumption on micro and macro levels. As a result of the study it was evaluated that an influence of a driver on a power consumption is situated within 50…80 %, an influence of an air resistance is up to 10 %, an influence of a longitudinal profile and a road resistance varies within 20…35 %. According to the results of experiments, there were determined the bus driving modes in urban conditions, and according to their results, there was built an average graph of bus movement in Lutsk city. There was made a mathematic modelling of electric vehicle movement, along with that there was taken into account the most probable range of change of the exterior factors, namely vehicle acceleration, road resistance, air resistance. It was proved that while speed is growing, the influence of road resistance and of air resistance is growing up and has a parabolic character, along with that the contribution of a driver is decreasing. The contribution of the study consists in that, There were proposed the coefficients of taking into consideration the influence of exterior factors on the power consumption by the vehicle and there was built a mathematic model for their determination. These coefficients of taking into consideration the influence of exterior factors on the power consumption give a possibility to evaluate the critical influences and to make an operative decision about the minimization of power consumption as for some specific vehicles, and for an enterprise. Further researches will focus on the plotting of telemetric means of informing, in a mode of real time, of the drivers of the vehicles, of the controllers of an enterprise about the exterior influences, that will give a possibility to make the appropriative decisions instantly. Besides, the given results can be used in order to determine the level of qualification of a driver, the state of road pavement, will give a possibility to find some more rational layout of bus stops, traffic lights, to optimize the routes of vehicles movement.

The formation of the harmony of the maritime trade market is based on the reaction of ship-owning and port structures to the nature of changes in the main characteristics of cargo flows. At the same time, relations and the reaction of the ship-owning complexes to the optimization of the technical and economic level of the competitors are being formed. A shipping company as an enterprise develops and functions in contrast to other production structures of the national economy in the context of international competition. Regardless of the flag of registration of ships, companies operate in the global maritime trade market. It is the priorities of international conventions that determine managerial and marketing technologies. Therefore, a special nature of the participation of shipping companies in the formation of the final economic results is formed. It is this factor that requires constant clarification of the patterns of sustainable positionning in the system of the international division of labor. Also, it should be noted that the most important tendencies in improving the management of the development of subsystems of the national maritime transport industry are balancing the assessment of the merchant fleet and ports both from the standpoint of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial interests. Therefore, research focuses on the selection andimplementation of the special priorities of the national maritime transport complex. In this regard, the temporal characteristics of the routes are considered rather thoroughly. However, the inconsistency of approaches to the formation of systemic security remains.The efficiency of the state and functional and economic stability should be consi-dered as the main criterion for changing the form of the ownership. With the stability and sustainability of maintaining the liquidity conditions of the enterprise, the change of ow-nership is determined by market conditions and the marketing strategy of the owner himself. Usually, in this state, the change in the form of ownership on the part of the owner has particular number of non-standard reasons. For such enterprises, privatization is problematic because it does not optimize the social and economic con-sequences and results.Keywords: maritime trade, shipping companies, cargo flows, marketing techno-logies.