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Large-scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water-insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia-Pacific, we used regional coupled land-climate modelling for the period 2041–2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water-insecure regions over the Asia-Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < 0.05) for the Loess Plateau-North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water-insecure regions. However, some regions experience non-significant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation. This dataset contains raw data outputs for Teo et al. (2022), Global Change Biology. Please see the published paper for further details on methods. For enquiries, please contact the corresponding authors: hcteo [at] u.nus.edu or lianpinkoh [at] nus.edu.sg.  Shapefiles can be opened with any GIS program such as ArcMap or QGIS. CSV files can be opened with any spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice.

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a drought tolerant underutilised crop cultivated in rainfed subsistence agricultural systems. Proso millet yields were simulated using a calibrated Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model for 95 locations in Sri Lanka. The yield maps were generated according to the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model using ArcMap 10.7.1. The database contains Proso millet yield maps for current climate and yield change under 5 hypothetical climate change scenarios; 1oC, 1.5 oC and 2 oC temperature increments, 25% rainfall increment, and 25% rainfall reduction compared to the baseline (1980-2009) climate.

Siderophores are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms under low iron stress as a specific iron chelator. In the present study, a rhizospheric bacterium was isolated from the rhizosphere of sesame plants from Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India and later identified as Bacillus subtilis LSBS2. It exhibited multiple plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia, and indole acetic acid (IAA), and solubilized phosphate. The chrome azurol sulphonate (CAS) agar plate assay was used to screen the siderophore production of LSBS2 and quantitatively the isolate produced 296 mg/L of siderophores in succinic acid medium. Further characterization of the siderophore revealed that the isolate produced catecholate siderophore bacillibactin. A pot culture experiment was used to explore the effect of LSBS2 and its siderophore in promoting iron absorption and plant growth of Sesamum indicum L. Data from the present study revealed that the multifarious Bacillus sp. LSBS2 could be exploited as a potential bioinoculant for growth and yield improvement in S. indicum.

Hydraulic fracturing drilling technology can cause a high risk of surface spill accidents and thus water contamination. Climate change together with the high water demand and rapid increase in industrial and agricultural activities are valued reasons why we should all care about the availability of water resources and protect them from contamination. Hence, the purpose of this study is to estimate the risk associated with a site contaminated with benzene from oil spillage and its potential impact on groundwater. This study focused on investigating the impact of soil variability and water table depth on groundwater contamination. Temperature-dependent parameters, such as soil water content and the diffusion of pollutants, were considered as key input factors for the HYDRUS 1D numerical model to simulate benzene migration through three types of soil (loamy, sandy clay loam, and silt loam) and evaluate its concentration in the water aquifer. The results indicated that an anticipated increase in earth’s average surface temperature by 4 °C due to climate change could lead to a rise in the level of groundwater pollution in the study area by 0.017 mg/L in loamy soil, 0.00046 mg/L in sandy clay loam soil, and 0.00023 mg/L in silt loam soil. It was found that climate change can reduce the amount of benzene absorbed from 10 to 0.07% in loamy soil, 14 to 0.07% in sandy clay loam soil, and 60 to 53% in silt loam soil. The results showed that the soil properties and solute characteristics that depend on the temperature have a major and important role in determining the level of groundwater pollutants.

The idea of shipping container house is no longer a revolutionized to western country but in Asia country particularly in Malaysia it is relatively new. The idea of container house is relatively new and there is no clear sign of how far does Malaysian citizen can accept this idea. There is no indicator of what are the expectations from Malaysian citizen about the container house. This research serves as basic references for both government and private sector to the future property industry development of shipping container house as well as shipping container non-residential building in Malaysia to pursue Malaysia’s unity, economic and national integration. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of using ISO shipping container to build low cost house. Four set of questionnaires are prepared to assess the opinion of respondents about the acceptance of shipping container house. The result obtained is that the acceptance level of the idea to live inside a container house is only 45% but the acceptance level of using shipping container as means of storage, office, and business development is highly acceptable by Malaysian citizen.

<p>This review paper highlights the importance of environment, social and governance (ESG) in sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries. The importance of incorporating an environmental perspective has been discussed. The enhanced sustainable crop farming practices under ESG are precision agriculture technology, controlled environment agriculture, improving crop breeding, agricultural biotechnology, packaging innovation and coatings, reducing food waste, and regenerative agricultural practices. The green-minded leadership model should stem from this concept of ESG in sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries.</p>

Removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from an aqueous solution was studied by its adsorption on banana peel biochars (BPBs). The factors affecting RB5 dye adsorption such as pH, exposure time, RB5 dye concentration, adsorbent dose, particle size and temperature were investigated. Maximum 97% RB5 dye removal was obtained at pH 3 with 75 mg/L adsorbate concentration by banana peel biochars. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the adsorbent material. The data of equilibrium were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The experimental results were best reflected by Langmuir isotherm with maximum 7.58 mg/g adsorption capacity. Kinetic parameters were explored and pseudo-second order was found suitable which reflected that rate of adsorption was controlled by physisorption. Thermodynamic variables exhibited that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. Banana peel biochar showed excellent regeneration efficiency up to five cycles of successive adsorption-desorption. Banana peel biochar maintained >38% sorption potential of RB5 dye even after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. The phytotoxic study exhibited the benign nature of BPB-treated RB5 dye on tomato seeds.

L'Internet des objets (IdO) fournit un plan visuel pour le futur Internet. Il sert de capteurs, d'actionneurs et de dispositifs distaux à la périphérie du réseau, créant un réseau interconnecté géant. L'ère de l'IdO se réfère à l'avenir où tous les flux de données imaginables sont intégrés dans l'IdO, accordant un accès sans barrière humaine aux entités physiques sur Internet. Parallèlement aux progrès rapides de l'IdO, des problèmes urgents ont émergé. La dissipation d'énergie, l'efficacité de traitement limitée et la mémoire confinée sont devenues des contraintes sévères pour l'ère de l'IdO. Changement de phase La mémoire à mémoire vive dynamique (PCM-DRAM) est un système de mémoire hybride qui a fait ses preuves pour réduire la dissipation d'énergie. Il est connu pour avoir une grande capacité, une plus grande endurance et une faible latence. Dans cette étude, nous analysons d'abord les contraintes importantes rencontrées dans le développement de l'IoT. Nous analysons ensuite comment ces contraintes peuvent être résolues par la mémoire PCM-DRAM. À cette fin, nous proposons un système de mémoire hybride PCM-DRAM appelé « Segment-Aware and Dynamic Partitioning PCM-DRAM » (SADP PCM-DRAM). Notre proposition est fondée sur une évaluation méticuleuse des exigences spécifiques posées par l'IoT applications.En outre, nous avons également proposé deux équations essentielles pour quantifier la consommation d'énergie et la performance globale en termes de temps moyen de frappe de la mémoire. El Internet de las cosas (IoT) proporciona un plan visual para el Internet del futuro. Ofrece sensores, actuadores y dispositivos distales en el borde de la red, creando una red interconectada gigante. La era del IoT se refiere al futuro donde todos los flujos de datos concebibles se integran en el IoT, otorgando acceso sin barreras humanas a las entidades físicas en Internet. Junto con el rápido progreso del IoT, han surgido problemas apremiantes. La disipación de energía, la eficiencia de procesamiento limitada y la memoria confinada se han convertido en restricciones graves para la era del IoT. Cambio de fase La memoria con memoria dinámica de acceso aleatorio (PCM-DRAM) es un sistema de memoria híbrida que se ha demostrado que reduce la disipación de energía. Se sabe que tiene una gran capacidad, mayor resistencia y baja latencia. En este estudio, primero analizamos las limitaciones significativas que enfrenta el desarrollo de IoT. Luego analizamos cómo estas limitaciones pueden resolverse con la memoria PCM-DRAM. Con este fin, proponemos un sistema de memoria híbrida PCM-DRAM llamado "Segment-Aware and Dynamic Partitioning PCM-DRAM" (SADP PCM-DRAM). Nuestra propuesta se basa en una evaluación meticulosa de los requisitos específicos planteados por IoT aplicaciones. Además, también propusimos dos ecuaciones esenciales para cuantificar el consumo de energía y el rendimiento general en términos de tiempo promedio de golpe de memoria. The Internet of Things (IoT) furnishes a visual blueprint for the future internet.It serves up sensors, actuators, and distal devices on the edge of the network, creating a giant interconnected network.The IoT era refers to the future where all the conceivable data streams are integrated into the IoT, granting human-barrier free access to physical entities on the internet.Along with the rapid progress of IoT, pressing issues have emerged.Energy dissipation, limited processing efficiency, and confined memory have become severe constraints for the IoT era.Phase Change Memory with Dynamic Random-Access Memory (PCM-DRAM) is a hybrid memory system that has been proven to reduce energy dissipation.It is known to have a great capacity, higher endurance, and low latency.In this study, we first analyze the significant constraints faced in the IoT development.We then analyze how these constraints can be solved by PCM-DRAM memory.To this end, we propose a PCM-DRAM hybrid memory system called "Segment-Aware and Dynamic Partitioning PCM-DRAM" (SADP PCM-DRAM).Our proposal is grounded in a meticulous evaluation of the specific requirements posed by IoT applications.Furthermore, we also proposed two essential equations for quantifying energy consumption and the overall performance in terms of average memory hit time. يوفر إنترنت الأشياء (IoT) مخططًا مرئيًا للإنترنت في المستقبل. إنه يخدم أجهزة الاستشعار والمشغلات والأجهزة البعيدة على حافة الشبكة، مما يخلق شبكة مترابطة عملاقة. يشير عصر إنترنت الأشياء إلى المستقبل حيث يتم دمج جميع تدفقات البيانات التي يمكن تصورها في إنترنت الأشياء، مما يمنح الوصول الخالي من العوائق البشرية إلى الكيانات المادية على الإنترنت. إلى جانب التقدم السريع لإنترنت الأشياء، ظهرت مشكلات ملحة. أصبح تبديد الطاقة وكفاءة المعالجة المحدودة والذاكرة المحصورة قيودًا شديدة على عصر إنترنت الأشياء. الذاكرة ذات ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي الديناميكية (PCM - DRAM) هو نظام ذاكرة هجين ثبت أنه يقلل من تبديد الطاقة. ومن المعروف أن لديه قدرة كبيرة، وتحمل أعلى، ووقت استجابة منخفض. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم أولاً بتحليل القيود الكبيرة التي تواجه تطوير إنترنت الأشياء. ثم نحلل كيف يمكن حل هذه القيود بواسطة ذاكرة PCM - DRAM. تحقيقاً لهذه الغاية، نقترح نظام ذاكرة هجين PCM - DRAM يسمى "تقسيم القطعة والقسم الديناميكي PCM - DRAM" (SADP PCM - DRAM). يرتكز اقتراحنا على تقييم دقيق للمتطلبات المحددة التي تفرضها ذاكرة IoT - DRAM. التطبيقات. علاوة على ذلك، اقترحنا أيضًا معادلتين أساسيتين لقياس استهلاك الطاقة والأداء العام من حيث متوسط وقت الوصول إلى الذاكرة.

LiNi0.9Mn0.1−xAlxO2 (NMA) (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) cathodes were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and continued with the calcination process in a tube furnace at 750 °C under flowing oxygen gas for 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a well-formed and high-purity phase with a hexagonal structure. LiNi0.9Mn0.07Al0.03O2 (NMA 973) had the best electrochemical performance with the lowest redox peak separation, the smallest charge transfer resistance (71.58 Ω cm−2), the highest initial specific discharge capacity of 172 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, and a capacity retention of 98% after 100 cycles. Under high current density at 1 C, NMA 973 had excellent specific discharge capacity compared to the other samples. The optimal content of Mn and Al elements is a crucial factor to obtain the best electrochemical performance of NMA. Therefore, NMA 973 is a promising candidate as a cathode for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

Industrial grade ferrotitanium (Fe–Ti) was used for the first time as the raw material to synthesize TiC. Mixtures of Fe–Ti and graphite were milled in a planetary ball mill for varying durations between 10 h and 40 h. The milled mixtures were subsequently heat treated at 1000°C for 15 min. The powder mixtures were characterized by using XRD and SEM-EDAX. In an attempt to purify the TiC, the milled and heat treated powder products were leached with dilute HCl. The XRD patterns of as milled heat treated powders indicated formation of crystalline TiC. SEM images also indicated grain refinement even though agglomeration to some extent was noticed. The mechanochemical route coupled with leaching thus offers a successful way to synthesize TiC from a cheap source that has not been attempted before.