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The economy is undergoing a radical transformation in all its structures, completely changing the methods of management. Changes are taking place on a global scale based on the digital technologies being implemented. The role of the state and executive authorities is being completely rethought. They are transforming themselves into “digital governments”, IT platforms, and forming their own digital structures with a list of services that are necessary for the population. In this study the following 4 directions of development of the public administration system were identified and reviewed in detail: digital reforms in the public administration system; long-term balance and sustainability of public administration; focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of public services; implementation of project management methods for the development and implementation of state programs. Based on the conducted research, current trends in public administration have been highlighted, and it was concluded that the trends in the development of modern economies include the mandatory participation of the state.

The economy is undergoing a radical transformation in all its structures, completely changing the methods of management. Changes are taking place on a global scale based on the digital technologies being implemented. The role of the state and executive authorities is being completely rethought. They are transforming themselves into “digital governments”, IT platforms, and forming their own digital structures with a list of services that are necessary for the population. In this study the following 4 directions of development of the public administration system were identified and reviewed in detail: digital reforms in the public administration system; long-term balance and sustainability of public administration; focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of public services; implementation of project management methods for the development and implementation of state programs. Based on the conducted research, current trends in public administration have been highlighted, and it was concluded that the trends in the development of modern economies include the mandatory participation of the state.

Clostridium kluyveri is an anaerobic microorganism that is well-known for producing butyrate and hexanoate using ethanol and acetate. It is also an important bacterium in the production of Chinese strong flavour baijiu (SFB). To obtain a comprehensive understanding of its metabolism, a curated genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of C. kluyveri, including 708 genes, 994 reactions, and 804 metabolites, was constructed and named iCKL708. This model was used to simulate the growth of C. kluyveri on different carbon substrates and the results agreed well with the experimental data. The butyrate, pentanoate, and hexanoate biosynthesis pathways were also elucidated. Flux balance analysis indicated that the ratio of ethanol to acetate, as well as the uptake rate of carbon dioxide, affected hexanoate production. The GSMM iCKL708 described here provides a platform to further our understanding and exploration of the metabolic potential of C. kluyveri.

Clostridium kluyveri is an anaerobic microorganism that is well-known for producing butyrate and hexanoate using ethanol and acetate. It is also an important bacterium in the production of Chinese strong flavour baijiu (SFB). To obtain a comprehensive understanding of its metabolism, a curated genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of C. kluyveri, including 708 genes, 994 reactions, and 804 metabolites, was constructed and named iCKL708. This model was used to simulate the growth of C. kluyveri on different carbon substrates and the results agreed well with the experimental data. The butyrate, pentanoate, and hexanoate biosynthesis pathways were also elucidated. Flux balance analysis indicated that the ratio of ethanol to acetate, as well as the uptake rate of carbon dioxide, affected hexanoate production. The GSMM iCKL708 described here provides a platform to further our understanding and exploration of the metabolic potential of C. kluyveri.

Abstract The accurate information of the thermal stresses and temperature in isotropic elastic solids is the key for many engineering applications. At present the classical linear coupled theory of thermoelasticity deduced with the assumptions of small temperature changes is widely used to solve the thermoelastic problems in engineering. In this paper, to describe the thermoelastic behavior in isotropic solids undergoing large temperature changes more accurately, the novel coupled models of thermoelasticity and the corresponding finite element models have been presented explicitly and validated by experimental measurement. The effect of large temperature changes on the solutions of thermoelastic problems is discussed. For the heat transfer process, if the isotropic elastic solids will expand when heated and contract when cooled and the condition d E E d T · σ i j E − δ i j 1 − 2 ν α 0 can be met in the context of small deformations, the effect of large temperature changes can be regarded as increasing the specific heat. The proposed models are applied to solve two thermoelastic problems. From the obtained numerical results, the effect of large temperature changes will increase with the amplitude of temperature change and may be considerably even when the temperature changes slowly.