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Oligotrophic catchments with short spatey streams, upland lakes and peaty soils characterise northwest European Atlantic coastal regions. These catchments are important biodiversity refuges, particularly for sensitive diadromous fish populations but are subject to changes in land use and land management practices associated with afforestation, agriculture and rural development. Quantification of the degree of catchment degradation resulting from such anthropogenic impacts is often limited by a lack of long-term baseline data in what are generally relatively isolated, poorly studied catchments. This research uses a combination of palaeolimnological (radiometrically-dated variations in sedimentary geochemical elements, pollen, diatoms and remains of cladocera), census, and instrumental data, along with hindcast estimates to quantify environmental changes and their aquatic impacts since the late 19th century. The most likely drivers of any change are also identified. Results confirm an aquatic biotic response (phyto- and zooplankton) to soil erosion and nutrient enrichment associated with the onset of commercial conifer afforestation, effects that were subsequently enhanced as a result of increased overgrazing in the catchment and, possibly, climate warming. The implications for the health of aquatic resources in the catchment are discussed Environmental Protection Agency in Ireland (ILLUMINATE 2005-W-MS-40, P.McGinnity was supported by the Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics funded by the Irish Government under the Sea Change Programme.

This presentation outlines the contributions of the EU funded H2020 project ClimeFish (grant agreement No. 677039) to the EU Climate Adaptation Strategy, with a focus on the fisheries and aquaculture sector. In particular, the presentation highlights how project efforts and outcomes address the current shortcomings of the EU's climate adaptation strategy, as pointed out by the EU's evaluation.

This review presents information on the status of selected shellfish stocks in Ireland. In addition, data on the fleet (<13 m) and landings for all species of shellfish (excluding Nephrops and mussels) are presented. The intention of this annual review is to present stock assessment and scientific advice for shellfisheries which may be subject to new management proposals or where scientific advice is required in relation to assessing the environmental impact of shellfisheries especially in areas designated under European Directives. The review reflects the recent work of the Marine Institute (MI) in the biological assessment of shellfish fisheries.

We observed the wastage of ice masses on the Kerguelen Islands ( Indian Ocean, 49 degrees S, 69 degrees E) using historical information and recent satellite data. Overall, the total ice-covered area on the islands declined from 703 to 552 km(2) between 1963 and 2001, a reduction of 21%. The area of Cook ice cap ( the main ice body) decreased asymmetrically from 501 to 403 km(2). West flowing glaciers lost 11% of their area, while east flowing glaciers lost 28%. After 1991, the retreat rate accelerated from 1.9 km(2)/a ( 1963-1991) to 3.8 km(2)/a ( 1991-2003). Between 1963 and 2000, the ice volume loss was 25-30 km(3), equivalent to an area-average ice-thinning rate of 1.4-1.7 m/a. The glacial retreat took place in the climatic context of a relatively low level of precipitation ( compared to the 1950s) and a similar to 1 degrees C warming that occurred between 1964 and 1982. The acceleration of the ice losses since at least the 1990s indicates that the state of the ice bodies on the Kerguelen Islands is still far from balanced. Together with other studies in Patagonia, South Georgia, and Heard Island, our analysis is consistent with a pattern of strong and accelerated wastage of ice masses influenced by the Southern Ocean.

The small pelagic fish (SPF, i.e. Scomber colias, Trachurus spp, Sardina pilchardus and Sardinella spp) in the Canary Islands archipelago (Spain) are mainly targeted by artisanal purse-seiners, whose monitoring is included in the EU Data Collection Framework. The waters in the archipelago (located in the coastal transition zone of the Canary Current Eastern Boundary Upwelling System) are monitored since the late nineties by a hydrographic section (RAPROCAN) designed to study the temporal variability of the eastern subtropical gyre. Official fish landings, reported by the Government since 2007, are annually analyzed to assess the stock status of the SPF in the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) context. In this study we analyze the relationship between the SPF abundance assumed from official landings and the oceanographic parameters. Using the sea temperature in the 200-800 m layer, we obtained a statistically significant correlation with the SPF landings (ρ-Pearson=0.454, p<0.03) when we considered one-year time-lag. This layer is less affected by atmosphere variations and probably influence on the success of the SPF spawning and recruitment processes. In fact, recruitment to the fishery (i.e. individuals attain legal catchable sizes) approximately occurs for one-year-old individuals, and explaining the one-year time-lag. Keeping the monitoring systems is crucial to understand, foreseen and anticipate potential variations in the fishery resources and to aim the sustainable exploitation of the SPF populations, even more challenging in the current Climate Change scenario. BAses de Datos y Estadística de las pesquerías Artesanales de Canarias: Evaluación, Interacciones ambientales y Modelización de los Stocks Estudio y observación de la variabilidad climática en el Atlántico Centrooriental, giro subtropical. Radial profunda de Canarias INTEMARES: Impactos de actividades pesqueras en LICs RN2000 INTEMARES_A4 PACA-BADE RAPROCAN FEMP

Die Weltbevölkerung wächst und gleichzeitig werden die Ressourcen immer knapper. Einen großen Anteil daran hat das Bauwesen. Die Lösung für ressourceneffizientes Bauen, sei es auf dem Wasser oder an Land, sehen Expertinnen und Experten in anpassungsfähigen, so genannten adaptiven Strukturen. Sie beschreiben die Idee, wie künftig für mehr Menschen ressourcenschonend und emissionsfrei gebaut werden kann. Dabei soll nicht nur mehr Wohnraum mit weniger Material geschaffen werden, sondern auch der Energieverbrauch gesenkt und der Nutzerkomfort gesteigert werden. Über den neuesten Stand der Technik diskutieren Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft am 23. und 24. Mai im Rahmen des Workshops „Adaptive Structures at Shore“ an der Technischen Universität Hamburg. In unterschiedlichen Fachvorträgen geht es einerseits darum, welche Auswirkungen beispielsweise Wind und Wasser auf Kaimauern oder schwimmende Bauwerke haben, oder inwiefern eine hohe Verkehrslast Brücken beansprucht. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie Bauwerke nachhaltig auf entsprechende Herausforderungen optimiert und angepasst werden können und inwiefern dabei Modellierungen und Simulationen helfen können. Der interdisziplinäre, englischsprachige Workshop wird durch das TU-Institut für Geotechnik und Baubetrieb organisiert und richtet sich an Interessierte unterschiedlicher Fachbereiche aus Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung. Adaptive structures at shore provide an opportunity to minimize the resource consumption and the impact on the marine ecosystems through an efficient adaptation to changing boundary conditions. A combination of impact prediction, monitoring and material resistance estimation, numerical modelling, and innovative design is the key to success. The workshop “Adaptive Structures at Shore 2022” hosted by Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) brings together international scientists and professionals to discuss the latest developments in the field and to explore synergies.

Across the world, lakes deliver irreplaceable services to both nature and so-ciety, but anthropogenic activities, such as nutrient pollution and climate change, have deteriorated lake ecosystems with impacts projected to con-tinue in the future. However, in an effort to halt and reverse this degradation, management and restoration of lakes are increasing. Submerged macro-phytes and fish play a key role in the stability and state of shallow lake eco-systems, but their influence varies with climate and water temperature. Pro-cess-based lake ecosystem models have proven capable of supporting lake management by reproducing lake ecosystem dynamics and are used for forecasts and predictions, but today few models factor in the varying influ-ence of macrophytes and fish when modelling shallow lake ecosystems in subtropical and tropical climates or lakes affected by climate change. This thesis aimed to test, improve and apply the state-of-the-art lake ecosystem model GOTM-WET, with focus on macrophytes and fish, to assess how shallow lake ecosystems respond to different restoration methods in a temperate and tropical climate. GOTM-WET consists of the 1-dimensional, hydrodynamic model GOTM (General Ocean Turbulence Model) and the ecosystem model WET (Water Ecosystems Tool) coupled together by the Framework for Aquat-ic Biogeochemical Models. Before application of the lake model, an effective approach to analyse lake ecosystem models with two global sensitivity methods was developed and applied to test the influence of model parame-ters on water quality and food web variables in different temperate lakes. Be-sides informing the following case studies in this thesis on lake model behav-iour and parameter sensitivity, the sensitivity analysis also highlighted the in-fluence of macrophytes and fish on most water quality and food web varia-bles on the shallowest lake analysed. Then, the lake ecosystem model was applied to the temperate shallow Lake Arreskov in Denmark. The model was challenged in reproducing the frequent shifts in ecosystem states from a tur-bid, phytoplankton-dominated state to a clear-water, macrophyte-dominated state and vice versa after a restoration effort including external nutrient load reduction and removal of plankti- and benthivorous fish. How-ever, overall, the observed seasonal dynamics of water quality parameters were reproduced with the single-model ensemble approach and improve-ments were obtained in simulating algae surface blooms compared to previ-ous model efforts on the same lake. To model the fish community, including omni-benthivorous fish that are commonly observed in tropical lakes, a model for adaptive fish foraging behaviour was developed and implemented into the lake ecosystem model. The model ensemble with the fish-adapted lake model reproduced shifts in ecosystem state from phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated primary production and simulated changes in fish community composition and diet in tropical shallow Huizhou West Lake in China after a restoration initiative including external nutrient load reductions and several biomanipulation methods. In conclusion, this thesis has has again emphasised the importance of including macrophytes and fish in shallow lake ecosystem models and has improved the lake modelling of food web and ecosystem dynamics in warmer climates. This contribution and the continued research and application of lake ecosystems models worldwide will make lake ecosystem models an increasingly powerful tool to support lake man-agement and regulation with preserving and restoring shallow lakes against the current and future global changes.

Cold-water corals (CWCs) are abundant worldwide, with their distribution mainly determined by physico-chemical factors and food availability. Despite predominantly occurring in deep waters, CWC habitats are also affected by the impacts of global climate change, such as ocean acidification and warming as well as reduced primary productivity and oxygen concentration. Several previous studies have already investigated the effects of environmental changes on different CWCs species, but mainly focused on laboratory experiments under controlled conditions of a single parameter and the study of adult corals. To date, there is limited information on the effects of environmental changes on different life stages of CWCs, the combined effect of multiple factors, the impact of variable rather than constant conditions and the importance of food availability for the resilience of CWCs to environmental changes. Therefore, this thesis aimed to better understand the physiological response of CWCs to changes in their environment. In both aquarium and in situ experiments, I examined how CWCs cope with changes in single and several combined factors under stable and variable environmental conditions, taking into account the response of different life stages and the influence of differences in food availability. For this purpose, I have investigated the short- and long-term physiological response of three life stages of the CWC Caryophyllia huinayensis to different conditions of aragonite saturation (Ωarag), temperature and feeding in an aquarium experiment, all as individual factors as well as their interactions (manuscript 1). Aragonite undersaturation did not affect the corals, but elevated temperature and reduced feeding showed a clear negative effect. Juvenile and adult corals responded differently to temperature changes and reduced food supply as calcification rates of early juveniles were most affected, while adult corals showed highest mortality rates. The clear feeding effect and the delayed response of corals after more than three months under constant treatment conditions underline the need for long-term experiments and the inclusion of food supply as an important factor. However, CWCs are not exposed to stable environmental conditions in their natural habitat, as a year-long in situ experiment in Comau Fjord in northern Patagonia (Chile) showed (manuscript 2). We took advantage of the ubiquitous occurrence of the CWC Desmophyllum dianthus in this fjord and transplanted corals between spatially close habitats with contrasting physico-chemical conditions to investigate its ability to acclimatise to changing environmental conditions. This reciprocal transplantation experiment revealed the fast acclimatisation potential of most investigated traits of D. dianthus to a new environment, as calcification and respiration rates were clearly determined by the environment, demonstrating a high phenotypic plasticity. Unexpectedly, corals at greater depth (300 m) had higher calcification rates than corals in shallow waters (20 m), despite aragonite undersaturation in deep waters. I was able to show that natural environmental variability is inversely correlated with CWC calcification and therefore, stable environmental conditions in deep waters of the fjord are beneficial for the corals. Food availability and energy reserves are assumed to be important parameters for the ability of CWCs to cope with environmental changes, but little is known so far about their in situ food sources. Therefore, we investigated the in situ biochemical composition, including fatty acid composition and lipid classes, and trophic ecology of D. dianthus in more detail on a spatial (manuscripts 3 and 4) and seasonal scale (manuscript 4) in Comau Fjord to determine which biotic and abiotic factors influence it the most and how energy reserves can be related to coral calcification. Energy reserves strongly correlated with calcification as deep corals had a higher amount of total energy reserves and storage lipids, indicating that deep corals receive more food. Examination of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) in conjunction with differences in lipid classes revealed differences of the zooplankton community the corals are feeding on in the two water depths. In addition, the energy reserves of novel deep corals (transplanted from shallow into deep waters) also increased rapidly, underscoring the findings of manuscript 2 on the rapid acclimatisation potential of D. dianthus. Overall, this thesis improves our understanding how environmental changes affect CWC physiology and biochemical composition by considering different CWC life stages, the interaction of multiple environmental factors, natural environmental variability and potential differences in food availability. This thesis highlights for the first time the relevance of differential effects across CWC life stages when studying the impact of environmental changes. I show that early life stages may represent an important bottleneck for the resilience of CWC populations. Since I was able to show that CWC calcification is affected by environmental variability, future studies should consider both natural fluctuations in environmental parameters and the interactive effects of multiple environmental parameters to gain a more realistic understanding of the in situ response of CWCs in a future changing ocean. The composition of fatty acids and lipid classes, as well as the inclusion of reduced food supply as another parameter in the multiple driver experiment, provided a better understanding of the importance of food availability and composition for the resilience of CWCs to current and future environmental changes. In addition, the in situ biochemical composition of CWCs gave new insights into their natural diet and the relationship between energy reserves and calcification.