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The boreal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is entering the Arctic in response to rising water temperatures, likely increasing predation pressure on the endemic key species Polar cod (Boreogadus saida). In this thesis, I investigated the whole-animal performance of both fish species after long-term acclimation to future ocean acidification and warming conditions in order to estimate their future competitive strength. More precisely, I focused on aerobic performance such as baseline and maximum metabolism, as well as energetic investment into growth and swimming as indicators for fitness capacity under future ocean conditions. While G. morhua was thriving under conditions projected for the year 2100, the competitive strength of B. saida likely decreases. F.i., the growth performance of B. saida decreased at temperatures above 6 degree Celsius and the swimming performance was impaired under elevated PCO2 levels, potentially resulting in a higher vulnerability to predation and reduced foraging success.

Data and scripts used for the paper 'A global census of the significance of giant mesopelagic protists to the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and silicon' authored by: Manon Laget, Laetitia Drago, Thelma Panaïotis, Rainer Kiko, Lars Stemmann, Andreas Rogge, Natalia Llopis-Monferrer, Aude Leynaert, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Tristan Biard

cological connectivity is important for ef- fective marine planning and biodiversity conservation. Our aim was to identify factors important in influencing variation in benthic community structure on shallow rocky reefs in 2 regions of the Mediterranean Sea with contrasting oceanographic regimes. We assessed beta (β) diversity at 146 sites in the littoral and shallow sub- littoral from the Adriatic/Ionian Seas (eastern region) and Ligurian/Tyrrhenian Seas (western region) using a null modelling approach to account for variation in spe- cies richness. The distance decay relationship between species turnover within each region and geographic distance by sea was determined using generalised lin- ear models. Mantel tests were used to examine correla- tions between β diversity and connectivity by ocean currents, estimated from Lagrangian dispersal simula- tions. Variation in β diversity between sites was parti- tioned according to environmental and spatial compo- nents using a distance-based redundancy approach. Species turnover along a gradient of geographic dis- tance was greater by a factor of 3 to 5 in the western region than the eastern region, suggesting lower con- nectivity between sites. β diversity was correlated with connectivity by ocean currents at both depths in the eastern region but not in the western region. The influnce of spatial and environmental predictors of β diver- sity varied considerably between regions, but was simi- lar between depths. Our results highlight the interaction of oceanographic, spatial and environmental processes influencing benthic marine β diversity. Persistent cur- rents in the eastern region may be responsible for lower observed β diversity compared to the western region, where patterns of water circulation are more variable.

Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research

Data and scripts used for the paper 'A global census of the significance of giant mesopelagic protists to the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and silicon' authored by: Manon Laget, Laetitia Drago, Thelma Panaïotis, Rainer Kiko, Lars Stemmann, Andreas Rogge, Natalia Llopis-Monferrer, Aude Leynaert, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Tristan Biard

This report summarises best practice guidelines and design considerations, for offshore operations. The information herein was by and large sourced from telephone interviews of a number of developers, with experience in areas such as offshore wind, wave, tidal and oil & gas. Initially, challenges encountered specific to the experiences of those surveyed are described in questions and answers format. Broader design tips applicable to a majority of devices are also included in the survey answers. Topics of interest more specific to the LiftWEC device are described in the later sections of the report. Discussing various possible methods of supplying a reaction force, beit from buoyancy restoring moments, the use of large submerged weight, a fixed seabed mounting or whether the reaction forces can be supplied by the moorings. The use of divers and/or ROVs for maintenance is discussed. The preference for the use of conventional vessels such as tugs is mentioned as well as a section on vessel cost and availability. As the device is likely to be heavily control dependent, a discussion on redundancy in design as well as fault tolerant design is given. The importance of a well designed dynamic cable is also mentioned. Various iterations of the CycWEC device are listed as well as the current proposed iteration. The justification for focusing on this device is the similarity in device operating principals, with the CycWEC being one of the better described devices in the current literature. Finally, the key learnings and recommendations are summarised in a discussion section. This work was produced as part of the LiftWEC Project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 851885. This output reflects the views only of the author(s), and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

This presentation outlines the contributions of the EU funded H2020 project ClimeFish (grant agreement No. 677039) to the EU Climate Adaptation Strategy, with a focus on the fisheries and aquaculture sector. In particular, the presentation highlights how project efforts and outcomes address the current shortcomings of the EU's climate adaptation strategy, as pointed out by the EU's evaluation.