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Many species are too slow to track their poleward moving climate niche under global warming. Pesticide exposure may contribute to this by reducing population growth and impairing flight ability. Moreover, edge populations at the moving range front may be more vulnerable to pesticides because of the rapid evolution of traits to enhance their rate of spread that shunt energy away from detoxification and repair. We exposed replicated edge and core populations of the poleward moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum to the pesticide esfenvalerate at low and high densities. Exposure to esfenvalerate had strong negative effects on survival, growth rate and development time in the larval stage and negatively affected flight-related adult traits (mass at emergence, flight muscle mass and fat content) across metamorphosis. Pesticide effects did not differ between edge and core populations, except that at the high concentration the pesticide-induced mortality was 17% stronger in edge populations. Pesticide exposure may therefore slow down the range expansion by lowering population growth rates, especially because edge populations suffered a higher mortality, and by negatively affecting dispersal ability by impairing flight-related traits. These results emphasize the need for direct conservation efforts toward leading-edge populations for facilitating future range shifts under global warming. MAIN DATAEVA-2015-167-OA DATA.xlsSUPPLEMENTARY DATA FOR APPENDICES (BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC PARAMETERS)EVA-2015-167-OA DATA FOR APPENDICES (BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC PARAMETERS).xls

Earthworm distribution in global soils Earthworms are key components of soil ecological communities, performing vital functions in decomposition and nutrient cycling through ecosystems. Using data from more than 7000 sites, Phillips et al. developed global maps of the distribution of earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass (see the Perspective by Fierer). The patterns differ from those typically found in aboveground taxa; there are peaks of diversity and abundance in the mid-latitude regions and peaks of biomass in the tropics. Climate variables strongly influence these patterns, and changes are likely to have cascading effects on other soil organisms and wider ecosystem functions. Science , this issue p. 480 ; see also p. 425

The potential contribution of short term storage technologies such as batteries to resource adequacy is becoming increasingly important in power systems with high penetrations of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES). However, unlike generators, there are multiple ways in which storage may be operated to contribute to resource adequacy. We investigate storage operational strategies which result in the same amount of Expected Energy Not Served (EENS) but differing Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) to investigate the range of LOLE possible and what factors affect this range. A case study of a Belgium-like power system using an economic dispatch model, typical of state-of-the-art adequacy assessments, results in a LOLE ranging between 2 and 6 h/yr, with the difference decreasing for greater storage duration and increasing for higher installed capacities of storage. Capacity Credits (CCs), which give the relative contribution of a resource to system adequacy, may also be affected by storage operation and the CC of storage is shown to differ by up to 30% depending on the operation and how the CC is calculated. Given these findings, it is recommended that modellers be explicit and transparent about the storage operation they assume in adequacy assessments and capacity credit calculations. ; Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. ; Energie and Industrie

This paper studies the welfare implications of using market mechanisms to allocate transmission capacity in recently liberalized electricity markets. It questions whether access to this essential facility should be traded on a market, or whether the incumbent should retain exclusive usage rights. We show that granting exclusive use to the incumbent might be optimal, if the capacity of the essential facility is small and the incumbent can reduce production costs by taking advantage of interregional production-cost differences. This result counters the intuition that arbitrage will improve the social surplus when there is no output contraction. The reason is that when competition is imperfect, arbitrage might reduce production efficiency. We advise policymakers to introduce market mechanisms for the allocation of transmission capacity only if sufficient investment in the network is ensured or if the market power of the incumbent is broken in at least one of the markets in which it is active.

Current open data systems lag behind in their promised value creation and sustainability. The objective of the current study is twofold: 1) to investigate whether existing open data systems meet the requirements of open data ecosystems, and 2) to develop a research agenda that discusses the gaps between current open data systems on the one hand and participatory, value-creating, sustainable open data ecosystems on the other hand. The literature reveals that the main characteristics of value-creating, sustainable open data ecosystems are user-drivenness, inclusiveness, circularity, and skill-based. Our comparative case study of five open data systems in various application domains and countries highlighted that none of these systems are real open data ecosystems: they often do not balance open data supply and demand, exclude specific user groups and domains, are linear, and lack skill-training. We elaborate on a research agenda that discusses how research should address the challenge of making open data ecosystems more value-generating and sustainable.

Abstract. Wind turbines are often sited together in wind farms as it is economically advantageous. Controlling the flow within wind farms to reduce the fatigue loads and provide grid facilities such as the delivery of a demanded power is a challenging control problem due to the underlying time-varying nonlinear wake dynamics. It is therefore important to use the closed-loop control paradigm since it can partially account for model uncertainty and, in addition, it can deal with unknown disturbances. State-of-the-art closed-loop dynamic wind farm controllers are based on computationally expensive wind farm models, which make these methods suitable for analysis though unsuitable for online control. The latter is important, because it allows for model adaptation to the time-varying atmospheric conditions using SCADA measurements. As a consequence, more reliable control settings can be evaluated. In this paper, a dynamic wind farm model suitable for online wind farm control will be presented. The derivation of the control-oriented dynamic wind farm model starts with the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Then, terms involving the vertical dimension will be estimated in order to partially compensate for neglecting the vertical dimension or neglected such that a 2D-like dynamic wind farm model will be obtained. Sparsity of and structure in the system matrices make this model relatively computational inexpensive hence suitable for online closed-loop controller synthesis including model parameter updates. Flow and power data evaluated with the wind farm model presented in this work will be validated with high fidelity flow data.