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Proses biokonversi anaerobik sampah kota menghasilkan gas metana yang akan mengakibatkan emisi rumah kaca dan berdampak pada perusakan lingkungan. Selain itu produksi lindi dan kompos anaerobik akan menjadi polutan yang berbahaya apabila langsung dikembalikan pada lingkungan. Akan tetapi gas metana berpotensi sebagai energi terbarukan sedangkan lindi dan kompos anaerobik yang dihasilkan mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan pupuk bagi kegiatan pertanian. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kinerja proses biokonversi sampah organik terhadap produksi biogas, material padatan dan lindi dalam lisimeter. Adapun tujuan khusus adalah (1) Menganalisis pengaruh ukuran bahan pada kinerja bio-konversi bahan organik menjadi biogas dalam lisimeter terkendali. (2) Menganalisis karakteristik lindi bagi kemungkinan pemanfaatannya sebagai pupuk cair untuk pertanian. (3) Menganalisis karakteristik bahan kompos hasil proses anaerobik bagi kemungkinan pemanfataanya sebagai pupuk organik untuk pertanian. Tahapan karakteristik proses bio-konversi berbagai ukuran sampah kota menjadi biogas dalam lisimeter dilakukan dengan cara pengujian proses bio-konversi. Sampah organik hasil pemilahan dipotong-potong menggunakan mesin pemotong kemudian diayak sesuai ukuran perlakuan yaitu A=(< 0.1 cm), B=(0.1 – 0.9 cm), C=(1.0 – 1.9 cm), D=(2.0 – 2.9 cm), dan E=(Bentuk asli) kemudian dimasukkan dalam tabung lisimeter. Parameter pengujian yaitu: (1) volume biogas, (2) produksi gas meliputi konsentrasi metana (CH4), karbondioksida (CO2), hidrogen Sulfida (H2S), nitrogen Oksida (N2O), oksigen (O2), (3) penurunan tinggi timbunan sampah, (4) produksi lindi , dan (5) Bulk Density. Tahapan karakteristik lindi hasil bio-konversi anaerobik sampah kota dan potensi pemanfaatan menjadi pupuk cair dalam lisimeter dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengujian lindi selama waktu proses bio-konversi 150 hari meliputi kadar tembaga (Cu), seng (Zn), krom heksavalen (Cr), kadmium (Cd), mercuri (Hg), timbal (Pb),Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), BOD, COD, fosfat, ...

ABSTRAK Penurunan kadar protein limbah tahu telah dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan karbon Bagasse teraktivasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum dari karbon teraktivasi NaOH dan H2SO4 dalam menurunkan kadar protein limbah cair tahu dan mengetahui jenis isoterm adsorpsi dari karbon aktif yang digunakan untuk menyerap protein limbah cair tahu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi NaOH yang optimum untuk aktivasi karbon aktif 15%, massa optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi NaOH adalah 2 g dan penurunan kadar proteinnya 71,95%, sedangkan massa optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi H2SO4 adalah 1 g dengan penurunan kadar protein sebesar 38,19%. Waktu kontak optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi NaOH dan H2SO4 adalah 12 jam. Adsorpsi protein oleh karbon bagasse teraktivasi NaOH mengikuti isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir dan Freundlich sedangkan karbon bagasse teraktivasi H2SO4 dominan mengikuti isoterm Freundlich. ABSTRACT The protein reduction of tofu wastewater using activated carbon from bagasse had been conducted. The purposes of this research were to analysis optimum condition of activated carbon bagsse using NaOH and H2SO4 for reduction protein in tofu wastewater, and analysis adsorption isotherm of activated carbon with protein. The result showed that optimum mass of carbon bagasse activated NaOH was 2 g with 71.95% protein reduction, while carbon bagasse activated H2SO4 has 1 g with 38.19% protein reduction. The optimum contact time between protein and activated carbon (with NaOH and H2SO4) was happened in 12 hours. Adsorption protein with carbon bagasse activated NaOH had followed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, while adsorption with carbon bagasse activated H2SO4 dominantlyhad followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm

Proses pengeringan adalah proses yang penting dalam pengolahan hasil pertanian. Proses pengeringan adalah salah satu proses dalam pengolahan pangan yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar air suatu bahan. Metode proses pengeringan bisa dilakukan dengan cara : pengeringan menggunakan panas (Heat drying), pengeringan vakum udara (Vacum drying) dan pengeringan beku (Freeze drying). Salah satu alat yang digunakan pada metode pegeringan menggunakan panas pengering mekanis. Salah satu jenis pengering mekanis yang saat ini dikembangkan adalah pengering efek rumah kaca (ERK) dengan reneawble energy. Pengering ERK ini masih hanya bergantung pada matahari sedangkan proses pengeringan harus dilakukan secara terus menerus sehingga diperlukan sumber panas lainnya. Pengering ERK hybrid adalah pengering mekanis yang menggunakan lebih dari satu sumber energi panas. Salah satu sumber energi panas tambahan yang digunakan adalah tungku biomassa. Beberapa jenis pengering ERK hybrid telah banyak di rancang oleh para ahli. Namun beberapa rancangan yang telah dirancang belum memberikan perfoma yang memuaskan. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah perfoma tungku yang belum optimal (efisiensi rendah). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang tungku biomassa dan menguji operasional tungku tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode perancangan tungku dan metode pengujian kinerja tungku. Pengujian kinerja tungku dilakukan menjadi dua tahap, yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji operasional. Uji pendahuluan dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola operasional tungku, sedangkan uji operasional dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai efisiensi tungku. Tungku dibuat dari pelat baja ringan dengan ketebalan 2 mm menggunakan dua dinding. Dinding pertama adalah kombinasi dari silinder dan kubus. Di sisi lain, dinding tungku kedua menggunakan bata merah dengan ketebalan 30 mm. Dinding kedua terbuat dari batu bata merah yang diletakkan di sekitar kaki pengering untuk menjebak panas yang hilang dari dinding pertama. Tungku dioperasikan untuk ...

Tingginya kebutuhan nutrien bagi pertumbuhan A. platensis berakibat pada pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk yang tinggi. Salah satu cara mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan pemanfaatan limbah tinggi nitrogen hasil olahan minyak kelapa sawit berupa limbah cair yang dikenal dengan nama palm oil mill effluent (POME) sebagai media pertumbuhan A. platensis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi konsentrasi POME yang efektif sebagai media pertumbuhan A. platensis. Inokulan A. platensis diinokulasi ke dalam 15 unit wadah berukuran 15 L dan ditambahkan POME dengan konsentrasi berbeda, yaitu 10% v/v (P10), 20% v/v (P20), dan 30% v/v (P30) dan tanpa penambahan POME sebagai kontrol (K). Kepadatan A. platensis diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 680 nm. Kepadatan awal yang digunakan pada awal pemeliharaan memiliki nilai absorbansi optical density (OD) berkisar 0,50–0,55. Parameter yang diukur adalah laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), biomassa panen A. platensis, efisiensi penurunan chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan efisiensi penurunan biological oxygen demand (BOD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POME dapat digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan A. platensis. Pada perlakuan konsentrasi POME 10% (v/v), mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik sel, biomassa serta mampu memanfaatkan karbon organik untuk tumbuh dalam POME yang ditunjukan pada penurunan COD dan BOD. ; The high need for nutrients for the growth of A. platensis results in meeting the high need for fertilizer. One way to overcome this is by utilizing high- nitrogen waste resulting from processed palm oil in the form of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a growth medium for A. platensis. This study aims to evaluate the effective concentration of POME as a growth medium for A. platensis. The A. platensis inoculant was inoculated into 15 units of 15 L containers and POME was added with different concentrations, namely 10% v/v (P10), 20% v/v (P20), and 30% v/v (P30) and without the addition of POME as a control (K). The density of ...

The first use of microalgae by humans as food detected in the dates back 2000 years, but the development ofbiotechnology of microalgae just began in the middle of this century. Microalgae refer to biomass resourcecontain many useful components such as protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, etc. Products based microalgae arediverse from human food and nutrition, animal feed and nutrition up to fine chemicals such as triglycerideswhich is able to be converted to biodiesel. Microalgae is a promising biomass resources, (i) microalgae isrenewable resources which has high biodiversity properties, (ii) production cost of converting process frommicroalgae biomass into its derivatives relatively low, (iii) product derivatives of microalgae have a highdemand in market. Based on above, microalgae can be developed further to be applied as raw material for food,energy and pharmacy. This paper described microalgae in general and the developing technology used toproduce commercial microalgae based product.

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

Analysis of biomass and carbon stock on mangrove forest ecosytem in coastal area of North Rupat Riau Province has been conducted in January 2016. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. The study showed that the potential mangrove biomass was directly proportional to mangrove carbon stocks. The average yield of biomass, carbon stocks of soil organic carbon and CO2 sequestration on mangrove forest was reserves amounted to 68,64 tons/ha , 904,75 tons/ha and 251,39 tons/ha, while the average yield of total carbon stocks was 973,31 tons/ha.

Measurement of biomass and carbon is very important to know how much the amount of carbon that can be absorbed by plants. Object of this study was the lower plants at USU Arboretum. The method of measurement used is the destructive sampling method that is by harvesting the entire plant is located on the bottom of 1m x 1m sample plots. The results of this study indicate that there were 29 species of lower plants. Carbon stock in the lower plants contained below is 1,08 ton/ ha. 101201092

Briquette is one of the biomass fuels which is used as a simple, inexpensive alternative energy source. Biomass used in this research were corncob and tea waste. The aim of this research was to find out the composition of Bio-Carbon Briquette processing from corncob and tea waste and to determine the best Bio one. Testing was conducted by using a non-factorial completely randomized design with parameters of water content, density, calorific value, and ash content. The results of this research showed that the composition of the briquette materials had highly significant effect on water content, density, calorific value, and ash content.The best water content in this research was 2.89% that met Japanese, American, British and Indonesian standards. The Density value was 0.415 g/cm3 which did not meet briquettes of Japanese, America, British and Indonesian standards. The best calorific value in this research was 10052.08 cal/g that met Japanese, American, British and Indonesian standards. The best ash content value in this research was 2.83% that met Japanese, American, British and Indonesian standards 110308002

Plant growth interpretation in term of accumulated intercepted solar radiation and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was used to study the growth and analysis of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the RUE concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. This research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Values of RUE were determined by nitrogen fertilizer and plant density. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE for prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Validation between model prediction and field experimental data showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha.