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随着人类长期无节制地使用化石燃料，地球历经亿万年累积下来的石油、天然气和煤炭正日益走向枯竭。与此同时，由其引发的全球气候变暖加剧，使得研发可持续利用的清洁能源受到广泛的关注。微藻，作为第三代制备生物柴油的原料，以其生长周期短、脂类含量高、可固定二氧化碳、土地需求量少等突出的优势进入了科学家的视野。 硅藻作为一类单细胞真核藻类，其生产力占海洋初级生产力近40%，固定的二氧化碳量可达到世界上所有热带雨林量的总和。硅藻生境广泛，物种多样性丰富，培养形式多样，且以生物柴油制备的首选原料——中性脂为其能量储存的主要形式，加之硅藻壳还可作为高价值材料用于制作半导体、生物传感器、太阳能电池等。因此硅藻作为. ; Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel and the global warming problems, clean and renewable energy is imminently demanded. As the third-generation biofuel feedstocks, microalgae have got more and more attention because of their shorter growth period, carbon dioxide fixation and no competition with arable land. Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae which can fix carbon dioxide vi. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：生命科学学院_水生生物学 ; 学号：21620101152364

随着人类长期无节制地使用化石燃料，地球历经亿万年累积下来的石油、天然气和煤炭正日益走向枯竭。与此同时，由其引发的全球气候变暖加剧，使得研发可持续利用的清洁能源受到广泛的关注。微藻，作为第三代制备生物柴油的原料，以其生长周期短、脂类含量高、可固定二氧化碳、土地需求量少等突出的优势进入了科学家的视野。 硅藻作为一类单细胞真核藻类，其生产力占海洋初级生产力近40%，固定的二氧化碳量可达到世界上所有热带雨林量的总和。硅藻生境广泛，物种多样性丰富，培养形式多样，且以生物柴油制备的首选原料——中性脂为其能量储存的主要形式，加之硅藻壳还可作为高价值材料用于制作半导体、生物传感器、太阳能电池等。因此硅藻作为. ; Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel and the global warming problems, clean and renewable energy is imminently demanded. As the third-generation biofuel feedstocks, microalgae have got more and more attention because of their shorter growth period, carbon dioxide fixation and no competition with arable land. Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae which can fix carbon dioxide vi. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：生命科学学院_水生生物学 ; 学号：21620101152364

研究了福建省永春县毛竹种群的生物量结构、能量分布 ,研究结果表明 :(1)永春毛竹种群的现存生物量为6 474.874g/m2 ,其中地上部分为 46 76 .6 39g/m2 ,占 72 .2 3% ;地下部分为 1798.2 35g/m2 ,占 2 7.77% ;其各组分分别为 :杆 3736 .2 0 0 g/m2 、枝 772 .0 6 9g/m2 、叶 16 8.370 g/m2 、竹蔸 10 5 9.115 g/m2 、鞭根 739.12 0 g/m2 ;(2 )毛竹种群生物量在Ⅰ至Ⅳ度的分配为 :5 .12 % ,40 .5 2 % ,39.82 % ,14.5 4% ;(3)毛竹种群的能量现存量为 12 46 89.5 76kJ/m2 ,其中地上部为 912 18.36 1kJ/m2 (占 73.16 % ) ,地下部为 334 71.2 15kJ/m2 (占 2 6 .84% ) ;(4 )能量现存量在Ⅰ至Ⅳ度的分配为 :5 .0 8% ,40 .38% ,39.80 % ,14.74% . ; Biomass structure and energy distribution of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens population in Yongchun county, Fujian were discussed in this paper. The results showed as follows:(1)the standing crop of biomass in the Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens population was 6 474.874 g/m 2, in which the biomass of above-ground was 4 676.639 g/m 2 (accounting for 72.23%), and that of below-ground was 1 798.235 g/m 2 (27.77%), respectively; the biomass of various components of population was 3 736.200 g/m 2 for stem, 772.069 g/m 2 for branch, 168.370 g/m 2for leaf, 1 059.115 g/m 2 for rhizome and 739.120 g/m 2 for roots, respectively.(2)the biomass components fromⅠto Ⅳ age was 5.12%, 40.52%, 39.82% and 14.54%, respectively.(3)the standing crop of energy was 124 689.576 kJ/m 2 , in which above-ground and below-ground comprised 91 218.361 kJ/m 2 (accounting for 73.16%) and 33 471.215 kJ/m 2 (26.84%), respectively.(4)the standing crop of energy from Ⅰto Ⅳ age was 5.08%, 40.38%, 39.80% and 14.74%, respectively. ; 福建省自然科学基金 (B0 110 0 0 7)资助项目

研究了福建省永春县毛竹种群的生物量结构、能量分布 ,研究结果表明 :(1)永春毛竹种群的现存生物量为6 474.874g/m2 ,其中地上部分为 46 76 .6 39g/m2 ,占 72 .2 3% ;地下部分为 1798.2 35g/m2 ,占 2 7.77% ;其各组分分别为 :杆 3736 .2 0 0 g/m2 、枝 772 .0 6 9g/m2 、叶 16 8.370 g/m2 、竹蔸 10 5 9.115 g/m2 、鞭根 739.12 0 g/m2 ;(2 )毛竹种群生物量在Ⅰ至Ⅳ度的分配为 :5 .12 % ,40 .5 2 % ,39.82 % ,14.5 4% ;(3)毛竹种群的能量现存量为 12 46 89.5 76kJ/m2 ,其中地上部为 912 18.36 1kJ/m2 (占 73.16 % ) ,地下部为 334 71.2 15kJ/m2 (占 2 6 .84% ) ;(4 )能量现存量在Ⅰ至Ⅳ度的分配为 :5 .0 8% ,40 .38% ,39.80 % ,14.74% . ; Biomass structure and energy distribution of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens population in Yongchun county, Fujian were discussed in this paper. The results showed as follows:(1)the standing crop of biomass in the Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens population was 6 474.874 g/m 2, in which the biomass of above-ground was 4 676.639 g/m 2 (accounting for 72.23%), and that of below-ground was 1 798.235 g/m 2 (27.77%), respectively; the biomass of various components of population was 3 736.200 g/m 2 for stem, 772.069 g/m 2 for branch, 168.370 g/m 2for leaf, 1 059.115 g/m 2 for rhizome and 739.120 g/m 2 for roots, respectively.(2)the biomass components fromⅠto Ⅳ age was 5.12%, 40.52%, 39.82% and 14.54%, respectively.(3)the standing crop of energy was 124 689.576 kJ/m 2 , in which above-ground and below-ground comprised 91 218.361 kJ/m 2 (accounting for 73.16%) and 33 471.215 kJ/m 2 (26.84%), respectively.(4)the standing crop of energy from Ⅰto Ⅳ age was 5.08%, 40.38%, 39.80% and 14.74%, respectively. ; 福建省自然科学基金 (B0 110 0 0 7)资助项目

螺旋藻是联合国粮农组织和联合国工业发展组织推荐的营养保健品，它的丰富营养物质和明显的药效作用已引起国际上的广泛重视，被誉为明天最理想的保健品和超级食品［1，2］.近来螺旋藻产业在国内外形成了一定的规模，但也存在着生产成本高的问题，如何降低生产成本已成. ; Spirulina platensis was grown in Zarrouk′s meida with low NaHCO 3 content (5～2 g/dm 3), anf effects of growth hormone, choline chloride(CC) on growth, biomassa and biochemical composition were studied.The results showed that S.Platensis could grow very well at the condition of 4 g/dm 3 NaHCO 3 with 10.0 mg/dm 3 CC ; biomass, protein and total carbohydrate contents were also increased to some extent.Low concentration of NaHCO 3 (10.0 g/dm 3 ) both have harmful effect on growth , biomass or protein content of S.platensis , but no effect on total carbohydrate content.Therefore CC can be used as an effective succedaneum of NaHCO 3 in culturing of S.platensis and lead to decrease in the cultural cost.

螺旋藻是联合国粮农组织和联合国工业发展组织推荐的营养保健品，它的丰富营养物质和明显的药效作用已引起国际上的广泛重视，被誉为明天最理想的保健品和超级食品［1，2］.近来螺旋藻产业在国内外形成了一定的规模，但也存在着生产成本高的问题，如何降低生产成本已成. ; Spirulina platensis was grown in Zarrouk′s meida with low NaHCO 3 content (5～2 g/dm 3), anf effects of growth hormone, choline chloride(CC) on growth, biomassa and biochemical composition were studied.The results showed that S.Platensis could grow very well at the condition of 4 g/dm 3 NaHCO 3 with 10.0 mg/dm 3 CC ; biomass, protein and total carbohydrate contents were also increased to some extent.Low concentration of NaHCO 3 (10.0 g/dm 3 ) both have harmful effect on growth , biomass or protein content of S.platensis , but no effect on total carbohydrate content.Therefore CC can be used as an effective succedaneum of NaHCO 3 in culturing of S.platensis and lead to decrease in the cultural cost.

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定了福建省东山县赤山林场木麻黄林、厚荚相思林和湿地松林的能量现存量,结果表明:木麻黄林现存生物量为156.82 t/hm2,各组分热值(总能量与总生物量的比值)处于19.84~21.70 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.26 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 177.95 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量38.09%,果的能量最小占总量0.77%;厚荚相思林现存生物量为149.51 t/hm2,各组分干重热值为19.98~23.48 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量3 079.16 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量57.67%,果的能量最小占总量3.06%;湿地松林现存生物量142.22 t/hm2,各组分干重热值处于20.53~21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28 GJ/hm2,其中干的能量最大占总量35.08%,枯枝的最小。3树种林分具有较高的现存生物量、能量现存量、各组分热值和整体平均热值,体现出较高的太阳能利用率。可见从热值与生物量的角度看,木麻黄、厚荚相思和湿地松是海岸沙地造林的良好树种。 ; By burning samples in a GR-3500 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter,the caloric values of plant samples were tested and then calculated the total amounts of energy of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation,Pinus elliottii plantation and Acasia crassicarpa plantation at Chishan forestry centre in Dong shan county Fujian province.The results were showed as follows: The standing biomass and energy were 156.82 t/hm2 and 3 177.95 GJ/hm2 in C.equisetifolia plantation,and the gross caloric values were between 19.84 kJ/g and 21.70 kJ/g,with total average 20.26 kJ/g(The ratio of total energy to total biomass).The energy distribution among components were: trunk occupied 38.09% of total,the largest ratio of components,while fruit on the other hand,was 0.77%;While in the A.crassicarpa plant,the standing biomass and energy were 149.51 t/hm2 and 3 079.16 GJ/hm2,respectively.The caloric were from 19.98 kJ/g to 23.48 kJ/g with total average 20.59 kJ/g.The components energy structure were as follows: Truck occupied 57.67% of total,while dead branch only 3.06% in the other side.In the P.elliottii plantation,standing biomass was 142.22 t/hm2.Caloricvalue of components range from 20.53 kJ/g to 21.54 kJ/g,with total average 21.00 kJ/g.While standing energy was 2 986.28 GJ/hm2.From all the above,three species of plantation with higher standing biomass,standing energy,high caloric values of components and total average values,showed that they had higher ratio of solar energy utilization.So C.equisetifolia,A.crassicarpa and P.elliottii were very suitable species to coastal sandy cultivation. ; 国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2002BA516A16-15)

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定了福建省东山县赤山林场木麻黄林、厚荚相思林和湿地松林的能量现存量,结果表明:木麻黄林现存生物量为156.82 t/hm2,各组分热值(总能量与总生物量的比值)处于19.84~21.70 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.26 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 177.95 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量38.09%,果的能量最小占总量0.77%;厚荚相思林现存生物量为149.51 t/hm2,各组分干重热值为19.98~23.48 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量3 079.16 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量57.67%,果的能量最小占总量3.06%;湿地松林现存生物量142.22 t/hm2,各组分干重热值处于20.53~21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28 GJ/hm2,其中干的能量最大占总量35.08%,枯枝的最小。3树种林分具有较高的现存生物量、能量现存量、各组分热值和整体平均热值,体现出较高的太阳能利用率。可见从热值与生物量的角度看,木麻黄、厚荚相思和湿地松是海岸沙地造林的良好树种。 ; By burning samples in a GR-3500 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter,the caloric values of plant samples were tested and then calculated the total amounts of energy of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation,Pinus elliottii plantation and Acasia crassicarpa plantation at Chishan forestry centre in Dong shan county Fujian province.The results were showed as follows: The standing biomass and energy were 156.82 t/hm2 and 3 177.95 GJ/hm2 in C.equisetifolia plantation,and the gross caloric values were between 19.84 kJ/g and 21.70 kJ/g,with total average 20.26 kJ/g(The ratio of total energy to total biomass).The energy distribution among components were: trunk occupied 38.09% of total,the largest ratio of components,while fruit on the other hand,was 0.77%;While in the A.crassicarpa plant,the standing biomass and energy were 149.51 t/hm2 and 3 079.16 GJ/hm2,respectively.The caloric were from 19.98 kJ/g to 23.48 kJ/g with total average 20.59 kJ/g.The components energy structure were as follows: Truck occupied 57.67% of total,while dead branch only 3.06% in the other side.In the P.elliottii plantation,standing biomass was 142.22 t/hm2.Caloricvalue of components range from 20.53 kJ/g to 21.54 kJ/g,with total average 21.00 kJ/g.While standing energy was 2 986.28 GJ/hm2.From all the above,three species of plantation with higher standing biomass,standing energy,high caloric values of components and total average values,showed that they had higher ratio of solar energy utilization.So C.equisetifolia,A.crassicarpa and P.elliottii were very suitable species to coastal sandy cultivation. ; 国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2002BA516A16-15)

随着化石燃料的日益减少,寻找可再生的液体生物质燃料已经引起了越来越广泛的关注。由生物质制备得到的25,-二甲基呋喃(dMf)具有高能量密度、高沸点、高辛烷值和不溶于水等优点,近年来被认为是一种非常有前景的液体燃料。本文归纳和总结了生物质转化为dMf的化学途径、方法和反应机理以及dMf的燃烧性能,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 ; With the decrease of fossil fuel reserves,looking for renewable liquid fuels from biomass have attracted increasingly interest.2,5-Dimethylfuran(DMF) from renewable biomass with special advantages of high energy density,high boiling point,high octane number,and immiscible with water has been considered as a kind of promising liquid fuel.In this paper,the chemical pathways,the production methods,the reaction mechanisms and the combustion performance of DMF from biomass are mainly summarized,and the future research trends are prospected. ; 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2010CB732201);国家自然科学基金项目(No.50776035);中央高校基本业务费专项资金项目(No.2010121077)资助

随着化石燃料的日益减少,寻找可再生的液体生物质燃料已经引起了越来越广泛的关注。由生物质制备得到的25,-二甲基呋喃(dMf)具有高能量密度、高沸点、高辛烷值和不溶于水等优点,近年来被认为是一种非常有前景的液体燃料。本文归纳和总结了生物质转化为dMf的化学途径、方法和反应机理以及dMf的燃烧性能,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 ; With the decrease of fossil fuel reserves,looking for renewable liquid fuels from biomass have attracted increasingly interest.2,5-Dimethylfuran(DMF) from renewable biomass with special advantages of high energy density,high boiling point,high octane number,and immiscible with water has been considered as a kind of promising liquid fuel.In this paper,the chemical pathways,the production methods,the reaction mechanisms and the combustion performance of DMF from biomass are mainly summarized,and the future research trends are prospected. ; 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2010CB732201);国家自然科学基金项目(No.50776035);中央高校基本业务费专项资金项目(No.2010121077)资助

本文系统地研究了 2 7a生杉木观光木混交林和杉木纯林群落细根 (<2mm)的生物量、净生产力和年周转率。结果表明 ,混交林和纯林群落活细根现存量分别为 3 872和 3 315t·hm- 2 ,活细根现存量变化呈双峰型 ,在 3月和 9月出现两次高峰 ;死细根现存量为 1 5 0 9和 1 2 6 9t·hm- 2 ,数量变化呈现单谷型 ,在 5月或 3月出现最低值 ;细根净生产力分别为 4 12 4和 3 5 2 8t·hm- 2 a- 1 ,分别占各自群落净第一性生产力的 2 2 9%和2 0 9% ;细根年死亡量分别为 2 119和 1 894t·hm- 2 ,相当于各自群落地上部分凋落物量的 31 4%和 2 7 8% ;细根周转率分别为 1 0 7和 1 0 6 ,观光木、混交林杉木、纯林杉木的细根周转速率依次降低 ,而林下植被层细根周转率高于乔木层。表明细根周转是群落有机质归还的重要途径 ,对维持和改良地力有重要作用 ; Studies on biomass, net productivity and annual turnover rate of fine roots in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum and in pure stand of Cunninghamia lanceolata at 27 years old were carried out. The existing amount of living fine roots in both stands were up to 3 872 and 3 315?t·hm -2 , and their seasonal changes showed two peaks in March and September, and those of dead fine roots amounted to 1 509 and 1 269?t·hm -2 , being lowest in May or March. The net productivity of fine roots in both stands totaled to 4 124 and 3 528?t·hm -2 a -1 , accounted for 22 9% and 20 9% of total net primary productivity of community, respectively. In both stands, annual mortality of fine roots were 2 119 and 1 894?t·hm -2 , respectively, amounted 31 4% and 27 8% of annual aboveground litterfall. Annual turnover rate of fine roots was 1 07 in mixed stand and 1 06 in pure stand, which decreased successively from Tsoongiodendron odorum, Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forest to the pure stand, and that of undergrowth were higher than that of tree stralum in both stands. It was concluded that annual turnover of fine roots was an important way for organic matter in communities returning to forest floor. ; 中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 0 -F -0 0 4);; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助

本文系统地研究了 2 7a生杉木观光木混交林和杉木纯林群落细根 (<2mm)的生物量、净生产力和年周转率。结果表明 ,混交林和纯林群落活细根现存量分别为 3 872和 3 315t·hm- 2 ,活细根现存量变化呈双峰型 ,在 3月和 9月出现两次高峰 ;死细根现存量为 1 5 0 9和 1 2 6 9t·hm- 2 ,数量变化呈现单谷型 ,在 5月或 3月出现最低值 ;细根净生产力分别为 4 12 4和 3 5 2 8t·hm- 2 a- 1 ,分别占各自群落净第一性生产力的 2 2 9%和2 0 9% ;细根年死亡量分别为 2 119和 1 894t·hm- 2 ,相当于各自群落地上部分凋落物量的 31 4%和 2 7 8% ;细根周转率分别为 1 0 7和 1 0 6 ,观光木、混交林杉木、纯林杉木的细根周转速率依次降低 ,而林下植被层细根周转率高于乔木层。表明细根周转是群落有机质归还的重要途径 ,对维持和改良地力有重要作用 ; Studies on biomass, net productivity and annual turnover rate of fine roots in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum and in pure stand of Cunninghamia lanceolata at 27 years old were carried out. The existing amount of living fine roots in both stands were up to 3 872 and 3 315?t·hm -2 , and their seasonal changes showed two peaks in March and September, and those of dead fine roots amounted to 1 509 and 1 269?t·hm -2 , being lowest in May or March. The net productivity of fine roots in both stands totaled to 4 124 and 3 528?t·hm -2 a -1 , accounted for 22 9% and 20 9% of total net primary productivity of community, respectively. In both stands, annual mortality of fine roots were 2 119 and 1 894?t·hm -2 , respectively, amounted 31 4% and 27 8% of annual aboveground litterfall. Annual turnover rate of fine roots was 1 07 in mixed stand and 1 06 in pure stand, which decreased successively from Tsoongiodendron odorum, Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forest to the pure stand, and that of undergrowth were higher than that of tree stralum in both stands. It was concluded that annual turnover of fine roots was an important way for organic matter in communities returning to forest floor. ; 中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 0 -F -0 0 4);; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助

在温和条件下研究了氢碘酸还原生物质基多元醇制备液体燃料的过程,使用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)和红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析了产物组成。结果表明,山梨醇和甘露醇为原料制备的液体产物中主要成分是C_(12)H_(16)、C_(12)H_(18)、C_(12)H_(20)、C_(12)H_(22)和C_(18)H_(26)等烃类物质。通过与碱的醇溶液反应将副产物碘代烷转化为烃,经旋转蒸发和减压蒸馏获得纯净的高碳烃产品。山梨醇、甘露醇以及二者混合物制备出的高碳烃的产率分别是81.1%、73.2%和77.3%。本研究获得的高碳烃产品是一种有前景的液体燃料,其含水量为0.1%,密度为0.83~0.84 g·mL~(-1),含氧量为2.0%~2.2%,热值均高于42 MJ·kg~(-1)。 ; This paper describes the process of sorbitol and mannitol conversion to liquid heavier hydrocarbons via reduction with hydroiodic acid under mild reaction conditions. The compositions of the obtained products were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometer( GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer( FT-IR). It is found that the products obtained from C6 polyols were mainly C_(12)H_(16),C_(12)H_(18),C_(12)H_(20),C_(12)H_(22) and C_(18)H_(26). The yields of heavier hydrocarbons from sorbitol,mannitol,and the mixture of sorbitol and mannitol were 81. 1%,73. 2%,and 77. 3%,respectively.To obtain pure hydrocarbon fuels,the obtained crude oil was treated with potassium hydroxide in an alcohol solution followed by rotary evaporation and vacuum distillation. The final liquid hydrocarbons obtained have a water content of 0. 1%,densities of 0. 83 ~ 0. 84 g·mL~(-1),oxygen content of 2. 0% ~2. 2%,and heating values > 42 MJ·kg~(-1) at room temperature,which is potentially a good transportation fuel for diesel replacement. ; 国家自然科学基金项目(21276214)