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CASCADE is a global dataset for 139 extant coccolithophore taxonomic units. CASCADE includes a trait database (size and cellular organic and inorganic carbon contents) and taxonomic-specific global spatiotemporal distributions (Lat/Lon/Depth/Month/Year) of coccolithophore abundance and organic and inorganic carbon stocks. CASCADE covers all ocean basins over the upper 275 meters, spans the years 1964-2019 and includes 33,119 taxonomic-specific abundance observations. Within CASCADE, we characterise the underlying uncertainties due to measurement errors by propagating error estimates between the different studies. Full details of the data set are provided in the associated Scientific Data manuscript. The repository contains five main folders: 1) "Classification", which contains YAML files with synonyms, family-level classifications, and life cycle phase associations and definitions; 2) "Concatenated literature", which contains the merged datasets of size, PIC and POC and which were corrected for taxonomic unit synonyms; 3) "Resampled cellular datasets", which contains the resampled datasets of size, PIC and POC in long format as well as a summary table; 4) "Gridded data sets", which contains gridded datasets of abundance, PIC and POC; 5) "Species lists", which contains spreadsheets of the "common" (>20 obs) and "rare" (<20 obs) species and their number of observations. The CASCADE data set can be easily reproduced using the scripts and data provided in the associated github repository: https://github.com/nanophyto/CASCADE/ (zenodo.12797197) Correspondence to: Joost de Vries, joost.devries@bristol.ac.uk v.0.1.2 has some fixes: 1. The wrongly specified S. neapolitana was removed from synonyms.yml (this species is now S. nana)2. Longitudes were corrected for Guerreiro et al., 20233. A double entry for Dimizia et al., 2015 was fixed4. Units in Sal et al., 2013 were correct to cells/L (previously cells/ml)5. Data from Sal et al., 2013 was re-done, as some species were missing6. Duplicate entries from Baumann et al., 2000 were dropped

Supplementary Information is available for this paper.

This file collection contains the estimated spatial distribution of the above-ground biomass density (AGB) by the end of the 21st century across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain and the respective uncertanty. To develop the models, we used the maximum entropy method with projected climate data to 2100, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 from the fifth Assessment Report (AR5). The dataset is composed of four files in GeoTIFF format: calibrated-AGB-distribution.tif: raster file representing the present spatial distribution of the above-ground biomass density in the Atlantic Forest from the calibrated model. Unit: Mg/ha estimated-uncertanty-for-calibrated-agb-distribution.tif: raster file representing the estimated spatial uncertanty distribution of the calibrated above-ground biomass density. Unit: percentage. projected-AGB-distribution-under-rcp45.tif: raster file representing the projected spatial distribution of the above-ground biomass density in the Atlantic Forest by the end of 2100 under RCP 4.5 scenario. Unit: Mg/ha estimated-uncertanty-for-projected-agb-distribution.tif: raster file representing the estimated spatial uncertanty distribution of the projected above-ground biomass density. Unit: percentage. Spatial resolution: 0.0083 degree (ca. 1 km) Coordinate reference system: Geographic Coordinate System - Datum WGS84

These data record the results of processing otter trawl catches (OTSB14; Merrett & Marshall, 1980) from the National Oceanography Centre (NOC, UK) long-term study of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP), including the PAP-Sustained Observatory time-series. The data concern catches recovered during the RRS Challenger cruise 135 in 1997. Billett, D.S.M. et al. (1998). RRS Challenger Cruise 135, 15 Oct-30 Oct 1997. BENGAL: High resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality. Southampton Oceanography Centre Cruise Report, No. 19, 49pp.| https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/ch135_97.pdf

Description: Leaf and invertebrate biomass in streams Project: This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: A preliminary study of the allochthonous inputs into tropical streams across a land use gradient in Sabah, Malaysia XML metadata: GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available here Data worksheets: There are 2 data worksheets in this dataset: Insects (Worksheet Insects) Dimensions: 23 rows by 11 columns Description: Insect capture rates Fields: Location: SAFE project riparian site (Field type: Location) Stream: SAFE project stream (Field type: ID) Repeat: sample number for that stream (Field type: ID) Total Mass of Insects (g): the total dried mass of insects collected for each of the repeats (Field type: Numeric) Total Insects: the total number of insects collected in each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Hymenoptera: the total number of hymenoptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Diptera: the total number of diptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Coleoptera: the total number of coleoptera in each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Other.Insect: the grouped total of Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Trichoptera, Mantodea, Ephemeroptera, Dermaptera for each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Other: the grouped total of Arachnida, Entognatha, Diplopoda, Chilopoda for each repeat (Field type: Abundance) Hydrology (Worksheet Hydrology) Dimensions: 60 rows by 17 columns Description: River characteristics and litter quantities Fields: Location: SAFE project riparian site (Field type: Location) Stream Code: The stream from which the sample was taken (LFE, 15m, 30m, VJR or OP) (Field type: ID) Transect No.: The point of each sample within the 100m transect at each stream (Field type: ID) Channel Width: The bank full width of the channel at this point (Field type: Numeric) Wetted Width: The width of the runnin water at this point (Field type: Numeric) SAFE Habitat Quality Right: the SAFE Habitat quality on the right of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical) SAFE Habitat Quality Centre: the SAFE Habitat quality in the centre of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical) SAFE Habitat Quality Left: the SAFE Habitat quality on the left of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Ordered Categorical) Flow Rate Right (s): the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water on the right of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric) Flow Rate Centre (s): the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water in the centre of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric) Flow Rate Left (s): the time taken for a tennis ball to travel 10m in the water on the left of the channel when looking upstream (Field type: Numeric) Average Flow Rate (s): an average of flow rate centre, flow rate left and flow rate right (Field type: Numeric) Leaf Litter Retention (g): the dried mass of leaf litter retained across the wetted width of the stream at each point (Field type: Numeric) Average Substrate Size: the average size of the substrate across the channel width of the stream at each point (Field type: Numeric) Leaf Litter Trap Position: the position where the leaf litter trap was placed relative to the stream when looking upstream (left, right or centre) (Field type: Categorical) Leaf Litter Mass: the dried mass of leaf litter collected in the leaf litter trap at each point (Field type: Numeric) Date range: 2017-02-06 to 2017-07-06 Latitudinal extent: 4.6314 to 4.7273 Longitudinal extent: 117.4556 to 117.6233 Taxonomic coverage: All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets. Animalia - Arthropoda - - Insecta - - - Coleoptera - - - Diptera - - - Hymenoptera - - [Other.Insect]

This dataset contains two metrics for climate change exposure using downscaled climate projections with the SRES A2 emissions scenario (Tabor and Williams, 2007).The metrics represent dissimilarity measurements of the squared Euclidean distance between seasonal (June–August and December–February) temperature and precipitation variables in the 20th century climate and mid-21st century climate. (1) disappearing climate risk - measure of dissimilarity between a pixel’s late 20th century climate and its closest matching pixel in the global set of 21st-century climates (2) novel climate risk - measure of dissimilarity between a pixel’s future climate and its closest matching pixel in the global set of late 20th-century climates. The data are in arcASCII format. All data are in units of standard Euclidean distance and multiplied by 1000. This is the original data. To scale the data similar to Tabor et al. (2018), remove outliers above the 99th percentile distribution before rescaling from 0-1. Unprojected number of columns 2160 number of rows 857 Lower Left X Center -179.917 Lower Left Y Center -59.084 Cell size 0.166667 decimal degrees (10 minutes or ~17 km) {"references": ["Tabor, K. et al. (2018). Tropical Protected Areas Under Increasing Threats from Climate Change and Deforestation: https://doi.org/10.3390/land7030090", "Tabor and Williams (2010). Globally downscaled climate projections for assessing the conservation impacts of climate change. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0173.1", "Williams, J.W. et al. (2007). Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 20100 AD. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606292104"]} Support for this project was provided by Conservation International, the Land Tenure Center at the University of Wisconsin, the Center for Climatic Research at the University of Wisconsin, and the Environment Program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. This research has been funded in part by the Walton Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and a gift from Betty and Gordon Moore.

The dataset comprises full list of species of macrozoobenthos collected from the Pechora Sea (SE Barents Sea). Grab samples were collected from 10 stations in the Pechora Bay from aboard RV Kartesh in 2020-2021. Macrobenthic invertebrates were identified with the maximum level of certainty through optical microscopy using regional taxonomic keys. All taxonomic names were standardised using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). All specimens have been counted and weighted (wet biomass) on Ohaus Adventurer scales with reported accuracy to 0.01 g. Bivalve molluscs and gastropods were weighed in shells. Biomass (g. m-2) and abundance (ind m-2) are used to characterise macrozoobenthos. The sampling and identification work was carried out in collaboration with specialists from Lomonosov Moscow State University Marine Research Center and P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology.

Widespread shrub encroachment is profoundly impacting the structures and functions of global drylands, and precipitation change is assumed to be one of the most critical factors affecting this phenomenon. However, there is little evidence to show how precipitation changes will affect the process. In this study, we conducted a 6-year precipitation manipulation experiment (-30%, ambient, +30%, and +50%) to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on the growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants in a shrub-encroached grassland in Inner Mongolia. We found that the increasing precipitation significantly increased the mean height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of herbaceous species, while the growth of shrub species did not exhibit a significant response to precipitation changes. With increasing precipitation, the relative coverage of shrubs decreased, while that of herbs increased. The native dominant herbaceous plant (Leymus chinensis) with more sensitive maximum photosynthetic rate to the precipitation change, showed higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency than those of the encroached shrub species (Caragana microphylla) at high soil moisture contents, reflecting that the ecophysiological characteristics of L. chinensis might provide it a competitive advantage under increased precipitation. Our findings suggest that increasing precipitation may slow down shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in Mongolian grasslands, and consequently affect the forage value and carbon budget in these ecosystems.