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CASCADE is a global dataset for 139 extant coccolithophore taxonomic units. CASCADE includes a trait database (size and cellular organic and inorganic carbon contents) and taxonomic-specific global spatiotemporal distributions (Lat/Lon/Depth/Month/Year) of coccolithophore abundance and organic and inorganic carbon stocks. CASCADE covers all ocean basins over the upper 275 meters, spans the years 1964-2019 and includes 33,119 taxonomic-specific abundance observations. Within CASCADE, we characterise the underlying uncertainties due to measurement errors by propagating error estimates between the different studies. Full details of the data set are provided in the associated Scientific Data manuscript. The repository contains five main folders: 1) "Classification", which contains YAML files with synonyms, family-level classifications, and life cycle phase associations and definitions; 2) "Concatenated literature", which contains the merged datasets of size, PIC and POC and which were corrected for taxonomic unit synonyms; 3) "Resampled cellular datasets", which contains the resampled datasets of size, PIC and POC in long format as well as a summary table; 4) "Gridded data sets", which contains gridded datasets of abundance, PIC and POC; 5) "Species lists", which contains spreadsheets of the "common" (>20 obs) and "rare" (<20 obs) species and their number of observations. The CASCADE data set can be easily reproduced using the scripts and data provided in the associated github repository: https://github.com/nanophyto/CASCADE/ (zenodo.12797197) Correspondence to: Joost de Vries, joost.devries@bristol.ac.uk v.0.1.2 has some fixes: 1. The wrongly specified S. neapolitana was removed from synonyms.yml (this species is now S. nana)2. Longitudes were corrected for Guerreiro et al., 20233. A double entry for Dimizia et al., 2015 was fixed4. Units in Sal et al., 2013 were correct to cells/L (previously cells/ml)5. Data from Sal et al., 2013 was re-done, as some species were missing6. Duplicate entries from Baumann et al., 2000 were dropped

Πρόκειται για τη συλλογή των γεωμετριών των δασικών περιοχών που βρίσκονται στο έδαφος της περιφέρειας Friuli Venezia Giulia. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές τις περιοχές καταλαμβάνονται από δάση, όπως ορίζονται στον περιφερειακό νόμο για τα δάση (αριθ. 9/2007). Οι γεωμετρίες προέρχονται από δύο διαφορετικές βάσεις δεδομένων: «Τύποι Forestali 1998», που επικαιροποιήθηκαν το 2010 και «Ολοκλήρωση του ΣΓΠ των τύπων δασών Friuli Venezia Giulia» που πραγματοποιήθηκαν το 2011 και επικυρώθηκαν οριστικά το 2013. Is é an bailiúchán de geometries na limistéar foraoise atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Es la colección de las geometrías de las zonas forestales ubicadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Il s’agit de la collection des géométries des zones forestières situées sur le territoire de la région du Frioul-Vénétie Giulia. La plupart de ces zones sont occupées par des forêts telles que définies par la loi forestière régionale (No.9/2007). Les géométries proviennent de deux bases de données différentes: «Types Forestali 1998», mis à jour en 2010 et «Achevée du SIG des types forestiers du Frioul Venezia Giulia» réalisée en 2011 et validée définitivement en 2013. Costituisce la raccolta delle geometrie delle aree forestali situate nel territorio della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia. In buona parte si tratta di superfici occupate da boschi così come definiti dalla vigente legge forestale regionale (n.9/2007). Le geometrie provengono da due diversi geodatabase: "Tipi Forestali 1998", aggiornato nel 2010 e "Completamento del GIS dei Tipi forestali del Friuli Venezia Giulia" realizzato nel 2011 e validato definitivamente nel 2013. Het is de verzameling van de geometrieën van de bosgebieden gelegen op het grondgebied van de regio Friuli Venezia Giulia. De meeste van deze gebieden worden bewoond door bossen zoals gedefinieerd in de Regional Forest Law (nr.9/2007). De geometrieën zijn afkomstig van twee verschillende geodatabases: „Types Forestali 1998”, bijgewerkt in 2010 en „Voltooiing van het GIS van de bossoorten Friuli Venezia Giulia”, uitgevoerd in 2011 en definitief gevalideerd in 2013. Huwa l-ġbir tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Este colecția geometriilor zonelor forestiere situate pe teritoriul regiunii Friuli Venezia Giulia. Cele mai multe dintre aceste zone sunt ocupate de păduri, astfel cum sunt definite în Legea regională privind pădurile (nr.9/2007). Geometriile provin din două baze de date geografice diferite: „Tipuri Forestali 1998”, actualizat în 2010 și „Finalizarea GIS a tipurilor de păduri de Friuli Venezia Giulia”, efectuată în 2011 și validată definitiv în 2013. É a coleção das geometrias das áreas florestais localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. It is the collection of the geometries of the forest areas located in the territory of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Most of these areas are occupied by forests as defined by the Regional Forest Law (No.9/2007). The geometries come from two different geodatabases: “Types Forestali 1998”, updated in 2010 and “Completion of the GIS of the Forest Types of Friuli Venezia Giulia” carried out in 2011 and validated definitively in 2013.

Is éard atá ann bailiúchán nuashonraithe de gheoiméadrachtaí na limistéar foraoise a bhfuil idirdhealú cineáil eatarthu agus atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Is éard atá ann bailiúchán nuashonraithe de gheoiméadrachtaí na limistéar foraoise a bhfuil idirdhealú cineáil eatarthu agus atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Constituye la colección actualizada de las geometrías de las zonas forestales distinguidas por tipo y situadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Constituye la colección actualizada de las geometrías de las zonas forestales distinguidas por tipo y situadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Dan jikkostitwixxi l-ġbir aġġornat tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali distinti skont it-tip u li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Dan jikkostitwixxi l-ġbir aġġornat tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali distinti skont it-tip u li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Constitui a coleção atualizada das geometrias das áreas florestais distinguidas por tipo e localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. Constitui a coleção atualizada das geometrias das áreas florestais distinguidas por tipo e localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. Тя представлява актуализираната колекция от геометрии на горските райони, които се отличават по тип и се намират на територията на регион Friuli Venezia Giulia. Повечето от тези площи са заети от гори, определени в Регионалния закон за горите (№ 9 от 2007 г.). Геометриите идват от две различни геобази: „Types Forestali 1998„, актуализиран през 2010 г. и „Завършване на ГИС за типовете гори на Friuli Venezia Giulia“, извършени през 2011 г. и окончателно валидирани през 2013 г. Тя представлява актуализираната колекция от геометрии на горските райони, които се отличават по тип и се намират на територията на регион Friuli Venezia Giulia. Повечето от тези площи са заети от гори, определени в Регионалния закон за горите (№ 9 от 2007 г.). Геометриите идват от две различни геобази: „Types Forestali 1998„, актуализиран през 2010 г. и „Завършване на ГИС за типовете гори на Friuli Venezia Giulia“, извършени през 2011 г. и окончателно валидирани през 2013 г. Představuje aktualizovaný soubor geometrií lesních oblastí rozlišených podle druhu a nacházejících se na území regionu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Většina těchto oblastí je obydlena lesy, jak je definováno v regionálním lesním zákoně (č.9/2007). Geometrie pocházejí ze dvou různých geodatabází: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roce 2010 a „Dokončení GIS lesních typů Friuli Venezia Giulia“ provedené v roce 2011 a s konečnou platností potvrzené v roce 2013. Představuje aktualizovaný soubor geometrií lesních oblastí rozlišených podle druhu a nacházejících se na území regionu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Většina těchto oblastí je obydlena lesy, jak je definováno v regionálním lesním zákoně (č.9/2007). Geometrie pocházejí ze dvou různých geodatabází: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roce 2010 a „Dokončení GIS lesních typů Friuli Venezia Giulia“ provedené v roce 2011 a s konečnou platností potvrzené v roce 2013. Det utgör den uppdaterade samlingen av geometrier i de skogsområden som kännetecknas av typ och ligger i regionen Friuli Venezia Giulia. De flesta av dessa områden är bebodda av skogar enligt definitionen i den regionala skogslagen (nr.9/2007). Geometrierna kommer från två olika geodatabaser: ”Types Forestali 1998”, uppdaterad 2010 och ”Slutförande av GIS för skogstyperna av Friuli Venezia Giulia” som genomfördes 2011 och godkändes slutgiltigt 2013. Det utgör den uppdaterade samlingen av geometrier i de skogsområden som kännetecknas av typ och ligger i regionen Friuli Venezia Giulia. De flesta av dessa områden är bebodda av skogar enligt definitionen i den regionala skogslagen (nr.9/2007). Geometrierna kommer från två olika geodatabaser: ”Types Forestali 1998”, uppdaterad 2010 och ”Slutförande av GIS för skogstyperna av Friuli Venezia Giulia” som genomfördes 2011 och godkändes slutgiltigt 2013. Predstavuje aktualizovaný zber geometrií lesných oblastí, ktoré sa vyznačujú podľa typu a nachádzajú sa na území regiónu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Väčšinu týchto oblastí obsadzujú lesy vymedzené v regionálnom zákone o lesoch (č.9/2007). Geometrie pochádzajú z dvoch rôznych geodatabáz: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roku 2010 a „Ukončenie GIS druhov lesov Friuli Venezia Giulia“ vykonané v roku 2011 a definitívne potvrdené v roku 2013. Predstavuje aktualizovaný zber geometrií lesných oblastí, ktoré sa vyznačujú podľa typu a nachádzajú sa na území regiónu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Väčšinu týchto oblastí obsadzujú lesy vymedzené v regionálnom zákone o lesoch (č.9/2007). Geometrie pochádzajú z dvoch rôznych geodatabáz: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roku 2010 a „Ukončenie GIS druhov lesov Friuli Venezia Giulia“ vykonané v roku 2011 a definitívne potvrdené v roku 2013. Tai yra atnaujintas miško plotų, išskirtų pagal tipą ir esančių Friulio-Venecijos Džulijos regiono teritorijoje, geometrijų rinkinys. Daugumą šių vietovių užima miškai, kaip apibrėžta Regioniniame miškų įstatyme (Nr.9/2007). Geometrijos yra iš dviejų skirtingų geoduomenų bazių: „Types Forestali 1998“, atnaujintas 2010 m. ir „Friuli Venezia Giulia miškų tipų GIS užbaigimas“, atliktas 2011 m. ir galutinai patvirtintas 2013 m. Tai yra atnaujintas miško plotų, išskirtų pagal tipą ir esančių Friulio-Venecijos Džulijos regiono teritorijoje, geometrijų rinkinys. Daugumą šių vietovių užima miškai, kaip apibrėžta Regioniniame miškų įstatyme (Nr.9/2007). Geometrijos yra iš dviejų skirtingų geoduomenų bazių: „Types Forestali 1998“, atnaujintas 2010 m. ir „Friuli Venezia Giulia miškų tipų GIS užbaigimas“, atliktas 2011 m. ir galutinai patvirtintas 2013 m. Αποτελεί την επικαιροποιημένη συλλογή των γεωμετριών των δασικών περιοχών που διακρίνονται ανά τύπο και βρίσκονται στο έδαφος της περιφέρειας Friuli Venezia Giulia. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές τις περιοχές καταλαμβάνονται από δάση, όπως ορίζονται στον περιφερειακό νόμο για τα δάση (αριθ. 9/2007). Οι γεωμετρίες προέρχονται από δύο διαφορετικές βάσεις δεδομένων: «Τύποι Forestali 1998», που επικαιροποιήθηκαν το 2010 και «Ολοκλήρωση του ΣΓΠ των τύπων δασών Friuli Venezia Giulia» που πραγματοποιήθηκαν το 2011 και επικυρώθηκαν οριστικά το 2013.

MASSIMO is a distance-independent individual-tree simulator that represents demographic processes (regeneration, growth and mortality) with empirical models that have been parameterized with data from the Swiss NFI. Tree regeneration, growth and mortality are simulated on the regular grid of sample plots of the Swiss NFI, which allows for statistically representative simulations of forest development. 

Vegetation surveys were carried out in four different study areas in the Sakha Republic, Russia: in the mountainous region of the Verkhoyansk Range within the Oymyakonsky and Tomponsky District (Event EN21-201 - EN21-219), and in three lowland regions of Central Yakutia within the Churapchinsky, Tattinsky and the Megino-Kangalassky District (Event EN21220 - EN21264). The study area is located within the boreal forest biome that is underlain by permafrost soils. The aim was to record the projective ground vegetation in different boreal forest types studied during the RU-Land_2021_Yakutia summer field campaign in August and September 2021.Ground vegetation was surveyed for different vegetation types within a circular forest plot of 15m radius. Depending on the heterogeneity of the forest plot, multiple vegetation types (VA, VB, or VC) were chosen for the survey. The assignment of a vegetation type is always unique to a site. Their cover on the circular forest plot was recorded in percent.In total, 84 vegetation types at 58 forest plots were assessed. All data were collected by scientists form the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Germany, the University of Potsdam Germany, and the North-Easter Federal University of Yakutsk (NEFU) Russia.

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the West Coast CONUS, i.e. CA OR WA For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. t at 10m x 10m kt at 100m x 100m Mt at 1km x 1km Gt at 10km x 10km For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming. Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337. Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

This excel sheet was made by the CityLoops course participants for Mikkeli, Finland and contains the data needed for the Sankey diagram and indicators for the Sector-wide Circularity Assessment for the Biomass and Construction sectors. "CityLoops - Closing the loop for urban material flows" is a EU Horizon2020 project with 28 partners. (Official project website: https://cityloops.eu/). CityLoops brings together six ambitious European cities to demonstrate a series of innovative tools and urban planning approaches, aimed at closing the loops of urban material flows and increasing their regenerative capacity. (For detailed information please visit: https://cityloops.metabolismofcities.org/library/997499/)

This data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains metazoan zooplankton biomass (µgC per L) from these nine mesocosms. Biomass was calculated based on zooplankton abundances transformed using carbon mass conversion factors. Metazoan zooplankton were sampled with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every two days (except for days 5 and 9). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Within each size class, all organisms were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and developmental stages were differentiated where possible. Zooplankton abundances (individuals per L) converted to carbon biomass (µgC per L) using biomass conversion factors. Conversion factors are obtained from different sources (Sanchez et al. (in prep)). Briefly: i) metazoan zooplankton functional groups were sampled and measured for carbon biomass using an elemental analyser at specific points throughout the experiment, ii) individual zooplankton were photographed, measured, and their biovolumes and carbon masses derived using standard conversions cited in the literature, iii) zooplankton conversion factors from KOSMOS Gran Canaria 2019 (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.971765). The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33). This data set is associated to the submission by Paul et al. (in review) (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.966941), so we refer to this data set for basic parameters like water temperature, salinity, pH and carbonate chemistry, to avoid repetition.

Abstract Despite the looming land scarcity for agriculture, cropland abandonment is widespread globally. Abandoned cropland can be reused to support food security and climate change mitigation. Here, we investigate the potentials and trade-offs of using global abandoned cropland for recultivation and restoring forests by natural regrowth, with spatially-explicit modelling and scenario analysis. We identify 101 Mha of abandoned cropland between 1992 and 2020, with a capability of concurrently delivering 29 to 363 Peta-calories yr− 1 of food production potential and 290 to 1,066 MtCO2 yr− 1 of net climate change mitigation potential, depending on land-use suitability and land allocation strategies. We also show that applying spatial prioritization is key to maximizing the achievable potentials of abandoned cropland and demonstrate other possible approaches to further increase these potentials. Our findings offer timely insights into the potentials of abandoned cropland and can inform sustainable land management to buttress food security and climate goals.