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These data were collected as part of a case study for the ipaast project. The aim of the survey was to produce datasets interoperable for applications in archaeology and precision agriculture. The OptRx® Crop Sensors (AgLeader Technology, Ames, IO, USA) measure the reflectance in the 630–685 nm (red), 695–750 nm (RE red edge) and 760–850 nm (NIR—Near InfraRed) wavebands. Using those wavebands, NDVI and NDRE indexes are calculated. NDVI and NDRE are vegetative indexes obtained from the red, red-edge and NIR wavebands with formulas 1 and 2: NDVI = NIR−REDNIR+RED ; NDRE= NIR−RENIR+RE The two index values range from -1 (bare ground or water) to 1 (highly vigorous vegetation). To collect data, the sensor was mounted on a ground vehicle, a Kubota B2420 tractor. The sensor was paired with a GNNS receiver, GPS 6500 from AgLeader Technology (Ames, IO, USA). The instrumentation was coupled with the hardware and the rough book (Panasonic ToughPad FG-Z1, Panasonic Core. It was possible to install the sensor facing the ground using a metal bracket positioned on the front of the tractor. The sensor was positioned 1.15 m from the ground, emitting a rectangular footprint of 1.14 m in length and 20cm in width. The data were collected every 30 cm in alternate rows. 12 rows in total were analysed, covering a surface of 1.07 ha. Data were processed on QGIS. First, the data was interpolated with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) function. The function was set up with a distance coefficient P of 4, with 40 rows and 98 columns. A Gaussian filter with a standard deviation value of 2 and a range of research of 3 was subsequently applied to create a representative raster.

Datasets associated with Agostini, S., Houlbreque, F., Biscéré, T., Harvey, B. P., Heitzman, J. M., Takimoto, R., et al. (2020). Greater mitochondrial energy production provides resistance to ocean acidification in ‘winning’ hermatypic corals. Front. Mar. Sci. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.600836.

FECUNDUS was a research project that focused on the co-gasification of coal, biomass and selected wastes with integrated CO2 capture and syngas cleaning. The project consortium included height beneficiaries from Italy, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Austria. Seven work-packages were foreseen dealing with management, dissemination, tailoring gasification schemes for integration with CO2 separation, development of materials for gas cleaning, char upgrading, and CO2 separation. Upon project completion, all tasks were executed and all deliverables produced. Experimental campaigns at different scales proved that both schemes, i.e. entrained flow and fluidized bed, envisaged for co-gasification are feasible under certain conditions. They are effective in order to produce a syngas to be processed for pre-combustion CO2 capture with the studied techniques. Full scale campaigns of co-gasification were successfully carried out. An economic assessment of gasification coupled with CO2 separation was executed on the basis of performances obtained from the experimental tasks. Other innovative outcomes include the development and test of new materials for the process, the integration of gasification with carbon separation for the FB option and the study the flexibility with respect to different feedstock.

The main results, in the frame of co-gasification in fluidized bed reactor, obtained at IRC/CNR - in the last years are reported. The results confirm that co-gasification is a suitable strategy for end-life plastic waste conversion and this in turn may contribute on the reduction of plastic landfill disposal as well as to realize a plastic sustainable life cycle

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) are seen as a feasible opportunity to produce second generation biofuels. Among PRGs, giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a promising energy crop, particularly for the Mediterranean environment characterized by low precipitation and high evapotranspiration rates during the summer period. The species is in fact robust and able to thrive in a wide range of soil types and under drought conditions. However, it remains a major challenge to better understand the yield potential and the crop responses to marginal soils, such as those where water and nutrients may represent limiting factors. In this work we evaluated giant reed aboveground and belowground biomass partitioning, from the establishment to the third year, in a marginal soil. Giant reed showed a significant increment of the rhizome biomass, reaching values of about 16 t ha-1 in the third year. Maximum total aboveground biomass increased steeply from the first to the second year, while a slight increase was highlighted from the second to the third one (20 t ha-1). Furthermore, our data suggest that, in a limiting environment, after three years the crop was not fully established yet. In conclusion, giant reed shows quite a good adaptability to marginal land, in particular those characterized by a low water retention capacity. Proceedings of the 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 18-22 June 2012, Milan, Italy, pp. 515-519

The present study deals with the use of renewable energy sources (RES) for biofuel production in addition to the power derived from hydroelectric and heat produced by district heating plants. It follows and integrates the main aim to reduce the use of fossil fuels in the considered study area according to the Directive Europe 2020. The possibility to address animal manure and other local biomass to the biogas yield with subsequent upgrading to biomethane was investigated, starting from the production up to the end use. The proposed solution implies the realization of one centralized biogas plant coupled with the upgrading section and one filling station. Details were deepen in order to improve the economic sustainability of the plant, the direct involvement of farmers in the management company and the acceptance level from the residents. Proceedings of the 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2011, Berlin, Germany, pp. 2099-2101

A heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst comprising 0.2% (w/w) ruthenium onto a Brønsted acid solid support has achieved in one-pot, one-stage the selective multi-step conversion of lignocellulose-derived monosaccharides to fine-chemicals. The anhydro-sugar alcohols of glucose and xylose were obtained in 86% and in 95% yield, respectively.

A report on the multirisk assesment in marine coastal ecosystems across MaCoBioS focus ecoregions.

Food contamination is common during the production, distribution and consumption of processed and agricultural commodities all over the world. Knowledge of the mycobiota in crops and food is essential for understanding and prevention of spoilage. In addition to possible spoilage, the growth of filamentous fungi in food can result in the production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites, which may impact human and animal health. Therefore, among the food safety issues, the occurrence of fungal species able to produce toxic metabolites on the agro-food products has acquired great relevance (1). The production of mycotoxins is commonly species-specific, but it also influenced by other factors, like substrate, genetic variation, temperature, water activity etc. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate these interactions remains very limited, however its understanding is fundamental to determine health risks associated with mold-spoiled foods and beverages. Mycotoxins are produced by a wide variety of molds, mainly Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. In general, five mycotoxins are the most significant agriculturally and have a worldwide distribution: aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. In addition, T-2 and HT-2 toxins can be a problem in cool temperate and generally wet areas, and Patulin is receiving increasing attention (2). Studies on toxigenic molds and its biodiversity have become highly relevant, due to the increased awareness of mycotoxins impact on human and animal health, the public concern for food safety and wastage, as well as the effects of climate change, which generate new combinations mycotoxins/host plants/geographical areas. Economic losses due to mycotoxins are high in both domestic and international trades. Also costs because affection of human and animal health are relevant and observed both in developed and developing Countries. Climate change also influence the physiology of the crops and the biodiversity of the fungi, and are modifying the risk maps of mycotoxin contamination. In this respect, recent advances confirm the importance of providing provisional models for mycotoxin occurrence in relation to climate change (3). In this context some important future challenges are in progress :i) impact reduction of fungi in staple food/feed chains; ii) new methodologies for detection and quantification; iii) new ecophysiology data in the context of climate change scenarios; iv) development of novel prevention strategies at different stages of the food and feed chains. Finally, over the past 50 years, diets in all countries have converged on a few sources of dietary starch, increasing the risk of exposure to mycotoxins, that can be evaluated by monitoring biological fluids such as blood and urine. The health risk from multi-mycotoxin exposure is still unclear since the additives and/or synergistic effects of mycotoxins have been poorly investigated. Nevertheless, the growing interest in understanding the combined effect of mycotoxin mixtures, will improve the current risk assessment capability at worldwide level.