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CASCADE is a global dataset for 139 extant coccolithophore taxonomic units. CASCADE includes a trait database (size and cellular organic and inorganic carbon contents) and taxonomic-specific global spatiotemporal distributions (Lat/Lon/Depth/Month/Year) of coccolithophore abundance and organic and inorganic carbon stocks. CASCADE covers all ocean basins over the upper 275 meters, spans the years 1964-2019 and includes 33,119 taxonomic-specific abundance observations. Within CASCADE, we characterise the underlying uncertainties due to measurement errors by propagating error estimates between the different studies. Full details of the data set are provided in the associated Scientific Data manuscript. The repository contains five main folders: 1) "Classification", which contains YAML files with synonyms, family-level classifications, and life cycle phase associations and definitions; 2) "Concatenated literature", which contains the merged datasets of size, PIC and POC and which were corrected for taxonomic unit synonyms; 3) "Resampled cellular datasets", which contains the resampled datasets of size, PIC and POC in long format as well as a summary table; 4) "Gridded data sets", which contains gridded datasets of abundance, PIC and POC; 5) "Species lists", which contains spreadsheets of the "common" (>20 obs) and "rare" (<20 obs) species and their number of observations. The CASCADE data set can be easily reproduced using the scripts and data provided in the associated github repository: https://github.com/nanophyto/CASCADE/ (zenodo.12797197) Correspondence to: Joost de Vries, joost.devries@bristol.ac.uk v.0.1.2 has some fixes: 1. The wrongly specified S. neapolitana was removed from synonyms.yml (this species is now S. nana)2. Longitudes were corrected for Guerreiro et al., 20233. A double entry for Dimizia et al., 2015 was fixed4. Units in Sal et al., 2013 were correct to cells/L (previously cells/ml)5. Data from Sal et al., 2013 was re-done, as some species were missing6. Duplicate entries from Baumann et al., 2000 were dropped

Πρόκειται για τη συλλογή των γεωμετριών των δασικών περιοχών που βρίσκονται στο έδαφος της περιφέρειας Friuli Venezia Giulia. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές τις περιοχές καταλαμβάνονται από δάση, όπως ορίζονται στον περιφερειακό νόμο για τα δάση (αριθ. 9/2007). Οι γεωμετρίες προέρχονται από δύο διαφορετικές βάσεις δεδομένων: «Τύποι Forestali 1998», που επικαιροποιήθηκαν το 2010 και «Ολοκλήρωση του ΣΓΠ των τύπων δασών Friuli Venezia Giulia» που πραγματοποιήθηκαν το 2011 και επικυρώθηκαν οριστικά το 2013. Is é an bailiúchán de geometries na limistéar foraoise atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Es la colección de las geometrías de las zonas forestales ubicadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Il s’agit de la collection des géométries des zones forestières situées sur le territoire de la région du Frioul-Vénétie Giulia. La plupart de ces zones sont occupées par des forêts telles que définies par la loi forestière régionale (No.9/2007). Les géométries proviennent de deux bases de données différentes: «Types Forestali 1998», mis à jour en 2010 et «Achevée du SIG des types forestiers du Frioul Venezia Giulia» réalisée en 2011 et validée définitivement en 2013. Costituisce la raccolta delle geometrie delle aree forestali situate nel territorio della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia. In buona parte si tratta di superfici occupate da boschi così come definiti dalla vigente legge forestale regionale (n.9/2007). Le geometrie provengono da due diversi geodatabase: "Tipi Forestali 1998", aggiornato nel 2010 e "Completamento del GIS dei Tipi forestali del Friuli Venezia Giulia" realizzato nel 2011 e validato definitivamente nel 2013. Het is de verzameling van de geometrieën van de bosgebieden gelegen op het grondgebied van de regio Friuli Venezia Giulia. De meeste van deze gebieden worden bewoond door bossen zoals gedefinieerd in de Regional Forest Law (nr.9/2007). De geometrieën zijn afkomstig van twee verschillende geodatabases: „Types Forestali 1998”, bijgewerkt in 2010 en „Voltooiing van het GIS van de bossoorten Friuli Venezia Giulia”, uitgevoerd in 2011 en definitief gevalideerd in 2013. Huwa l-ġbir tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Este colecția geometriilor zonelor forestiere situate pe teritoriul regiunii Friuli Venezia Giulia. Cele mai multe dintre aceste zone sunt ocupate de păduri, astfel cum sunt definite în Legea regională privind pădurile (nr.9/2007). Geometriile provin din două baze de date geografice diferite: „Tipuri Forestali 1998”, actualizat în 2010 și „Finalizarea GIS a tipurilor de păduri de Friuli Venezia Giulia”, efectuată în 2011 și validată definitiv în 2013. É a coleção das geometrias das áreas florestais localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. It is the collection of the geometries of the forest areas located in the territory of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Most of these areas are occupied by forests as defined by the Regional Forest Law (No.9/2007). The geometries come from two different geodatabases: “Types Forestali 1998”, updated in 2010 and “Completion of the GIS of the Forest Types of Friuli Venezia Giulia” carried out in 2011 and validated definitively in 2013.

Supplementary Information is available for this paper.

Is éard atá ann bailiúchán nuashonraithe de gheoiméadrachtaí na limistéar foraoise a bhfuil idirdhealú cineáil eatarthu agus atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Is éard atá ann bailiúchán nuashonraithe de gheoiméadrachtaí na limistéar foraoise a bhfuil idirdhealú cineáil eatarthu agus atá suite i gcríoch Réigiún Friuli Venezia Giulia. Tá an chuid is mó de na limistéir sin á n-áitiú ag foraoisí mar a shainítear leis an Dlí Réigiúnach Foraoise (Uimh.9/2007). Tagann na geoiméadrachtaí ó dhá bhunachar sonraí éagsúla: “Cineálacha Forestali 1998”, a tugadh cothrom le dáta in 2010 agus “Comhlánú GIS de Chineálacha Foraoise Friuli Venezia Giulia” a rinneadh in 2011 agus a bailíochtaíodh go cinntitheach in 2013. Constituye la colección actualizada de las geometrías de las zonas forestales distinguidas por tipo y situadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Constituye la colección actualizada de las geometrías de las zonas forestales distinguidas por tipo y situadas en el territorio de la región de Friuli Venezia Giulia. La mayor parte de estas zonas están ocupadas por bosques tal como se definen en la Ley Forestal Regional (N.º9/2007). Las geometrías provienen de dos geodatabases diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», actualizado en 2010 y «Completación del SIG de los tipos forestales de Friuli Venezia Giulia», llevado a cabo en 2011 y validado definitivamente en 2013. Dan jikkostitwixxi l-ġbir aġġornat tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali distinti skont it-tip u li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Dan jikkostitwixxi l-ġbir aġġornat tal-ġeometriji taż-żoni forestali distinti skont it-tip u li jinsabu fit-territorju tar-Reġjun ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia. Il-biċċa l-kbira ta’ dawn iż-żoni huma okkupati minn foresti kif definit mil-Liġi Reġjonali dwar il-Foresti (Nru.9/2007). Il-ġeometriji ġejjin minn żewġ ġeobażijiet tad-data differenti: “Types Forestali 1998”, aġġornata fl-2010 u “Tlestija tal-GIS tat-Tipi ta’ Foresti ta’ Friuli Venezia Giulia” imwettqa fl-2011 u vvalidata b’mod definittiv fl-2013. Constitui a coleção atualizada das geometrias das áreas florestais distinguidas por tipo e localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. Constitui a coleção atualizada das geometrias das áreas florestais distinguidas por tipo e localizadas no território da Região Friuli Venezia Giulia. A maior parte destas áreas é ocupada por florestas, tal como definidas na Lei Regional das Florestas (n.º 9/2007). As geometrias vêm de duas bases de dados geométricas diferentes: «Tipos Forestali 1998», atualizado em 2010 e «Conclusão do SIG dos Tipos Florestais de Friuli Venezia Giulia», realizado em 2011 e validado definitivamente em 2013. Тя представлява актуализираната колекция от геометрии на горските райони, които се отличават по тип и се намират на територията на регион Friuli Venezia Giulia. Повечето от тези площи са заети от гори, определени в Регионалния закон за горите (№ 9 от 2007 г.). Геометриите идват от две различни геобази: „Types Forestali 1998„, актуализиран през 2010 г. и „Завършване на ГИС за типовете гори на Friuli Venezia Giulia“, извършени през 2011 г. и окончателно валидирани през 2013 г. Тя представлява актуализираната колекция от геометрии на горските райони, които се отличават по тип и се намират на територията на регион Friuli Venezia Giulia. Повечето от тези площи са заети от гори, определени в Регионалния закон за горите (№ 9 от 2007 г.). Геометриите идват от две различни геобази: „Types Forestali 1998„, актуализиран през 2010 г. и „Завършване на ГИС за типовете гори на Friuli Venezia Giulia“, извършени през 2011 г. и окончателно валидирани през 2013 г. Představuje aktualizovaný soubor geometrií lesních oblastí rozlišených podle druhu a nacházejících se na území regionu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Většina těchto oblastí je obydlena lesy, jak je definováno v regionálním lesním zákoně (č.9/2007). Geometrie pocházejí ze dvou různých geodatabází: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roce 2010 a „Dokončení GIS lesních typů Friuli Venezia Giulia“ provedené v roce 2011 a s konečnou platností potvrzené v roce 2013. Představuje aktualizovaný soubor geometrií lesních oblastí rozlišených podle druhu a nacházejících se na území regionu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Většina těchto oblastí je obydlena lesy, jak je definováno v regionálním lesním zákoně (č.9/2007). Geometrie pocházejí ze dvou různých geodatabází: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roce 2010 a „Dokončení GIS lesních typů Friuli Venezia Giulia“ provedené v roce 2011 a s konečnou platností potvrzené v roce 2013. Det utgör den uppdaterade samlingen av geometrier i de skogsområden som kännetecknas av typ och ligger i regionen Friuli Venezia Giulia. De flesta av dessa områden är bebodda av skogar enligt definitionen i den regionala skogslagen (nr.9/2007). Geometrierna kommer från två olika geodatabaser: ”Types Forestali 1998”, uppdaterad 2010 och ”Slutförande av GIS för skogstyperna av Friuli Venezia Giulia” som genomfördes 2011 och godkändes slutgiltigt 2013. Det utgör den uppdaterade samlingen av geometrier i de skogsområden som kännetecknas av typ och ligger i regionen Friuli Venezia Giulia. De flesta av dessa områden är bebodda av skogar enligt definitionen i den regionala skogslagen (nr.9/2007). Geometrierna kommer från två olika geodatabaser: ”Types Forestali 1998”, uppdaterad 2010 och ”Slutförande av GIS för skogstyperna av Friuli Venezia Giulia” som genomfördes 2011 och godkändes slutgiltigt 2013. Predstavuje aktualizovaný zber geometrií lesných oblastí, ktoré sa vyznačujú podľa typu a nachádzajú sa na území regiónu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Väčšinu týchto oblastí obsadzujú lesy vymedzené v regionálnom zákone o lesoch (č.9/2007). Geometrie pochádzajú z dvoch rôznych geodatabáz: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roku 2010 a „Ukončenie GIS druhov lesov Friuli Venezia Giulia“ vykonané v roku 2011 a definitívne potvrdené v roku 2013. Predstavuje aktualizovaný zber geometrií lesných oblastí, ktoré sa vyznačujú podľa typu a nachádzajú sa na území regiónu Friuli Venezia Giulia. Väčšinu týchto oblastí obsadzujú lesy vymedzené v regionálnom zákone o lesoch (č.9/2007). Geometrie pochádzajú z dvoch rôznych geodatabáz: „Types Forestali 1998“, aktualizované v roku 2010 a „Ukončenie GIS druhov lesov Friuli Venezia Giulia“ vykonané v roku 2011 a definitívne potvrdené v roku 2013. Tai yra atnaujintas miško plotų, išskirtų pagal tipą ir esančių Friulio-Venecijos Džulijos regiono teritorijoje, geometrijų rinkinys. Daugumą šių vietovių užima miškai, kaip apibrėžta Regioniniame miškų įstatyme (Nr.9/2007). Geometrijos yra iš dviejų skirtingų geoduomenų bazių: „Types Forestali 1998“, atnaujintas 2010 m. ir „Friuli Venezia Giulia miškų tipų GIS užbaigimas“, atliktas 2011 m. ir galutinai patvirtintas 2013 m. Tai yra atnaujintas miško plotų, išskirtų pagal tipą ir esančių Friulio-Venecijos Džulijos regiono teritorijoje, geometrijų rinkinys. Daugumą šių vietovių užima miškai, kaip apibrėžta Regioniniame miškų įstatyme (Nr.9/2007). Geometrijos yra iš dviejų skirtingų geoduomenų bazių: „Types Forestali 1998“, atnaujintas 2010 m. ir „Friuli Venezia Giulia miškų tipų GIS užbaigimas“, atliktas 2011 m. ir galutinai patvirtintas 2013 m. Αποτελεί την επικαιροποιημένη συλλογή των γεωμετριών των δασικών περιοχών που διακρίνονται ανά τύπο και βρίσκονται στο έδαφος της περιφέρειας Friuli Venezia Giulia. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές τις περιοχές καταλαμβάνονται από δάση, όπως ορίζονται στον περιφερειακό νόμο για τα δάση (αριθ. 9/2007). Οι γεωμετρίες προέρχονται από δύο διαφορετικές βάσεις δεδομένων: «Τύποι Forestali 1998», που επικαιροποιήθηκαν το 2010 και «Ολοκλήρωση του ΣΓΠ των τύπων δασών Friuli Venezia Giulia» που πραγματοποιήθηκαν το 2011 και επικυρώθηκαν οριστικά το 2013.

MASSIMO is a distance-independent individual-tree simulator that represents demographic processes (regeneration, growth and mortality) with empirical models that have been parameterized with data from the Swiss NFI. Tree regeneration, growth and mortality are simulated on the regular grid of sample plots of the Swiss NFI, which allows for statistically representative simulations of forest development. 

Widespread shrub encroachment is profoundly impacting the structures and functions of global drylands, and precipitation change is assumed to be one of the most critical factors affecting this phenomenon. However, there is little evidence to show how precipitation changes will affect the process. In this study, we conducted a 6-year precipitation manipulation experiment (-30%, ambient, +30%, and +50%) to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on the growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants in a shrub-encroached grassland in Inner Mongolia. We found that the increasing precipitation significantly increased the mean height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of herbaceous species, while the growth of shrub species did not exhibit a significant response to precipitation changes. With increasing precipitation, the relative coverage of shrubs decreased, while that of herbs increased. The native dominant herbaceous plant (Leymus chinensis) with more sensitive maximum photosynthetic rate to the precipitation change, showed higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency than those of the encroached shrub species (Caragana microphylla) at high soil moisture contents, reflecting that the ecophysiological characteristics of L. chinensis might provide it a competitive advantage under increased precipitation. Our findings suggest that increasing precipitation may slow down shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in Mongolian grasslands, and consequently affect the forage value and carbon budget in these ecosystems. 

In order to identify a potential surrogate of planktonic ciliate communities for marine bioassessments and evaluating biological conservations, the different taxonomic/numerical resolutions and taxa as surrogates were studied in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China during a 1-year cycle (June 2007-May 2008).Samples were collected biweekly from a depth of 1 m at each of five sites. A range of physicochemical parameters were also measured in order to determine water quality.The genus- and family-level resolutions maintained sufficient information to evaluate the ecological patterns of the ciliate communities in response to environmental status. The non-loricate oligotrichous ciliate assemblages in both abundance and occurrence may be used as a surrogate of planktonic ciliate communities. Heavy data transformations were an optimal strategy for the species level of planktonic ciliates, while mild data transformations were for the higher. The ordination patterns based on species biomass, occurrence, and biomass/abundance ratio matrices were significantly consistent with that of species abundance data.The results suggest that the use of simplifications at both taxonomic and numerical resolutions are time-efficient and would allow improving sampling strategies of large spatial/temporal scale monitoring programs and biological conservation researches in the marine ecosystem with a relative paucity of scientists.

Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) experiences a recurrent drought phenomenon. However, few studies have focused on drought monitoring in this region due to lack of ground observations. The newly released Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) with a long-term record and high resolution has a great potential for drought monitoring. Based on the assessment of CHIRPS for capturing precipitation and monitoring drought, this study aims to evaluate the drought condition in LMB by using satellite-based CHIRPS from January 1981 to July 2016. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at various time scales (1–12-month) is computed to identify and describe drought events. Results suggest that CHIRPS can properly capture the drought characteristics at various time scales with the best performance at three-month time scale. Based on high-resolution long-term CHIRPS, it is found that LMB experienced four severe droughts during the last three decades with the longest one in 1991–1994 for 38 months and the driest one in 2015–2016 with drought affected area up to 75.6%. Droughts tend to occur over the north and south part of LMB with higher frequency, and Mekong Delta seems to experience more long-term and extreme drought events. Severe droughts have significant impacts on vegetation condition.