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These data record the results of processing otter trawl catches (OTSB14; Merrett & Marshall, 1980) from the National Oceanography Centre (NOC, UK) long-term study of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP), including the PAP-Sustained Observatory time-series. The data concern catches recovered during the RRS Challenger cruise 135 in 1997. Billett, D.S.M. et al. (1998). RRS Challenger Cruise 135, 15 Oct-30 Oct 1997. BENGAL: High resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality. Southampton Oceanography Centre Cruise Report, No. 19, 49pp.| https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/ch135_97.pdf

Field measurements based assessment of above and below ground biomass of the most common farm crops in Latvia, including carbon and nitrogen stock and CO2 input into soil with plant residues under the most common management systems. Organic and integrated farmings are separated. Biomass is expressed as total biomass of all plants growing in the area, not only main species. Data for less common species are extrapolated assuming similarity with similar species or using default factors provided by the IPCC guidelines and other literature sources. Data area partially published (references are provided in the description). Uncertainty, which is not included in the public data set, can be provided separately.

Patterns of movement of marine species can reflect strategies of reproduction and dispersal, species’ interactions, trophodynamics, and susceptibility to change, and thus critically inform how we manage populations and ecosystems. On coral reefs, the density and diversity of metazoan taxa is greatest in dead coral and rubble, which is suggested to fuel food webs from the bottom-up. Yet, biomass and secondary productivity in rubble is predominantly available in some of the smallest individuals, limiting how accessible this energy is to higher trophic levels. We address the bioavailability of motile coral reef cryptofauna based on small-scale patterns of emigration in rubble. We deployed modified RUbble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS) and emergence traps in a shallow rubble patch at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, to detect community-level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under five habitat accessibility regimes. The mean density (0.13–4.5 ind.cm-3) and biomass (0.14–5.2 mg.cm-3) of cryptofauna were high and varied depending on microhabitat accessibility. Emergent zooplankton represented a distinct community (dominated by the Appendicularia and Calanoida) with the lowest density and biomass, indicating constraints on nocturnal resource availability. Mean cryptofauna density and biomass were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was blocked, driven by the rapid proliferation of small harpacticoid copepods from the rubble surface, leading to trophic simplification. Individuals with high biomass (e.g., decapods, gobies, and echinoderms) were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was unrestricted. Treatments with a closed rubble surface did not differ from those completely open, suggesting that top-down predation does not diminish rubble-derived resources. Our results show that conspecific cues and species’ interactions (e.g., competition and predation) within rubble are most critical in shaping ecological outcomes within the cryptobiome. These findings have implications for prey accessibility through trophic and community size structuring in rubble, which may become increasingly relevant as benthic reef complexity shifts in the Anthropocene. We address the bioavailability of coral reef cryptofauna in rubble based on small-scale patterns of emigration. We adapted the accessibility of Rubble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS), models used to standardise biodiversity sampling in rubble (Wolfe and Mumby 2020), to explore the local movement patterns of rubble-dwelling fauna, with inference to predation processes within and beyond the cryptobenthos. Five treatments were developed to detect community-level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under various habitat accessibility regimes. Four of these treatments were developed by modifying accessibility into RUBS (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4176644/files) to understand limitations on the directional influx and movement of cryptofauna within coral rubble patches using four treatments; (1) open (completely accessible), (2) interstitial access (top closed), (3) surficial access (sides and bottom closed), and (4) raised (above rubble substratum). The fifth treatment involved a series of emergence plankton traps, designed to target demersal cryptofauna that vertically migrate from within the rubble benthos at night, given emergent zooplankton biomass and diversity are greatest at night. Fieldwork was conducted over several weeks (11th September to 5th October 2021) in a shallow (~3–5 m depth) reef slope site on the southern margin of Heron Island (-23˚26.845’ S, 151˚54.732’ E), Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Fig. 1). All collections were conducted under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority permit G20/44613.1.

Dataset for the article: How can the forest sector maintain its mitigation potential in a changing climate ? Case studies of boreal and northern temperate forests in eastern Canada.

We studied if functional traits related to resource preemption (light and inorganic nutrients) exert control on space preemption of tropical seagrass meadows. Additionally, we studied if space preemption changed under different eutrophication scenarios. We took seagrass abundance data to study space preemption, seagrass traits data to study their effect on space preemption and eutrophication indicators to evaluate the level of eutrophication at each site/sampling event. The data was collected in Unguja Island (Zanzibar Archipealgo, Tanzania) in seven sites/sampling events (Harbor, Chapwani, Changuu, Bweleo, Fumba, Mangroves and Marumbi). Each site/sampling event comprised a subtidal seagrass meadow (2-4 meters depth) of around 2500 square meters, delimited by the coastline and a fringing reef. The data was taken between the 26.09.2016 to the 05.10.2016. In each site/sampling event, five 50 meters transects were deployed perpendicular to the coast and paralel to each other, approximately separated by 50 meters. The areas enclosed beweeen the transects were names A, B, C and D. Macroalgae biomass was collected as an indicator of eutrophication. Macroalgae biomass was quantified along five 50-m transects per site/sampling event, set perpendicular to the coast and parallel to each other, separated by ~50 meters. We collected the macroalgae present in three random 0.25x0.25 meters quadrats per transect. The macroalgae samples were cleaned of sediments and rinsed with water. They were then dried at 50°C in a forced air oven until constant dry weight. The macroalgae biomass was calculated as the grams of dry weight divided by the area of the quadrat (grams of dry weight per square meter).

The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway integrates energy and nutrient availability into metabolism promoting growth in eukaryotes. The overall higher efficiency on nutrient use translated into faster growth rates in C 4 grass plants led to the investigation of differential transcriptional and metabolic responses to short-term chemical TOR complex (TORC) suppression in the model Setaria viridis. In addition to previously described responses to TORC inhibition (i.e., general growth arrest, translational repression, and primary metabolism reprogramming) in Arabidopsis thaliana (C 3 ), the magnitude of changes was smaller in S. viridis, particularly regarding nutrient use efficiency and C allocation and partitioning that promote biosynthetic growth. Besides photosynthetic differences, S. viridis and A. thaliana present several specificities that classify them into distinct lineages, which also contribute to the observed alterations mediated by TOR. Indeed, cell wall metabolism seems to be distinctly regulated according to each cell wall type, as synthesis of non-pectic polysaccharides were affected in S. viridis, whilst assembly and structure in A. thaliana. Our results indicate that the metabolic network needed to achieve faster growth seems to be less stringently controlled by TORC in S. viridis.

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาความต้องการเรียนรู้การใช้เทคโนโลยี Internet of things และพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ของเกษตรกรรุ่นใหม่ภาคกลาง 2) จัดทำฐานข้อมูลเกษตรกรรุ่นใหม่ภาคกลางในรูปแบบ Dashboard และ 3) พัฒนาเว็บไซต์รวบรวมแหล่งความรู้การใช้เทคโนโลยี Internet of things และพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ ของเกษตรกรรุ่นใหม่ภาคกลาง โดยกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้รวบรวมข้อมูลจากผู้ตอบแบบสอบถามจำนวน 169 คน จากเกษตรกรรุ่นใหม่ภาคกลาง 9 จังหวัด ด้วยการเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง เพื่อรวบรวมข้อมูลจากแบบสอบถาม Google Form และนำมาวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้ค่าเฉลี่ย ร้อยละ และส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ข้อมูลเชิงพื้นที่ และรวมข้อมูลสถิติในรูปแบบแดชบอร์ด Google Looker Studio พร้อมข้อมูลที่จัดเก็บไว้ใน Google Sheetผลการวิจัยพบว่าผู้ใช้ข้อมูลส่วนใหญ่เป็นเกษตรกรชายอายุระหว่าง 41-55 ปี มีวุฒิปริญญาตรี อาศัยอยู่ในจังหวัดสิงห์บุรี และมีรายได้ 100,001-250,000 บาทต่อปี การทำฟาร์มแบบผสมผสานที่ปลอดสารเคมีโดยใช้ระบบ Internet of things (IoT) เกษตรกลุ่มนี้มีความสนใจในพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ เพื่อลดต้นทุนการผลิต เกษตรกรกลุ่มนี้มีความสามารถในการถ่ายทอดเทคโนโลยีความรู้ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเกี่ยวกับการทำปุ๋ยหมัก ส่วนใหญ่ขายผลผลิตภายในชุมชนและเน้นการขนส่งด้วยตนเอง เพื่อลดต้นทุนค่าขนส่ง ผลจากแบบสอบถามในด้านความต้องการความรู้ ผู้วิจัยได้นำไปรวบรวมแหล่งข้อมูลด้านเทคโนโลยีการเกษตร 4.0 ในรูปแบบเว็บไซต์ WordPress และมีผู้ใช้งานค้นหาข้อมูล ส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศหญิง อายุระหว่าง 21-30 ปี ทำงานในหน่วยงานราชการ/รัฐวิสาหกิจ และมีการศึกษาต่ำกว่าปริญญาตรีหรือปริญญาโท ความพึงพอใจของผู้ใช้ได้รับการวิเคราะห์ในสี่มิติ ได้แก่ ข้อมูล การใช้งาน รูปแบบ และการใช้ประโยชน์ และความพึงพอใจโดยรวมอยู่ในเกณฑ์ดี เว็บไซต์จึงมีส่วนช่วยเหลือเกษตรกรรุ่นใหม่ ในการศึกษาเพื่อนำเทคโนโลยีและวิธีการที่ทันสมัยมาใช้ในการปฏิบัติงาน

It shows point estimates for national GHG emissions (total emissions and seven agricultural activities) from 1978 to 2016 in China.

Seeds of 52 species of herbaceous plants typical from European grassland ecosystems were obtained from a commercial supplier (Planta naturalis). When species germinated in Petri dishes the seedlings were then transplanted to plastic pots (11 x 11 x 12 cm height, 1L volume). Pots were filled with a mixture of a potting substrate (Biolan Murumuld) and sand. Pots were randomly placed in the greenhouse of the University of Tartu, Estonia. Then, we established monocultures with seven individuals of a single species per pot which were grown under well-watered conditions. One month after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, a drought treatment was applied to half of the pots (five pots per species). The experiment was harvested in late July 2020, when the first individuals started flowering, after month-long drought treatment. Plant traits related to drought responses and resource use strategies were selected and measured for each species following established protocols. These included seven above- and belowground traits: Vegetative plant height (H, cm), Leaf Area (LA, mm2), Specific Leaf Area (SLA, mm2 mg-1), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC, mg g-1), Specific Root Length (SRL, cm g-1), Average root Diameter (AvgD, mm), Root Dry Matter Content (RDMC, mg g-1). Before harvesting, we measured the plant height and collected one leaf per individual for three individuals per pot. Afterward, we collected the aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of all the individuals in each pot. Due to the difficulty in untangling the roots of the different individuals in a pot, root traits were estimated at the pot level. Roots were washed and a sample of finest roots (10-50mg) was collected. Leaves and fine roots were scanned at 300dpi and 600dpi, respectively, using an Epson perfection 3200 Photo scanner for leaves and Epson V700 Photo scanner for fine roots. After scanning, leaves and roots were oven-dried at 60°C for 72h. AvgD and root length were determined using WinRHIZO Pro 2015 (Regent Instruments Inc., Canada), and leaf area with ImageJ software. We averaged all traits values at the species level, attaining a single value for each trait in each treatment. The total aboveground biomass and total belowground biomass of each pot were oven-dried at 60°C for 72h and weighed. Drought is expected to increase in future climate scenarios. Although responses to drought of individual functional traits are relatively well-known, simultaneous changes across multiple traits in response to water scarcity remain poorly understood despite its importance to understand alternative strategies to resist drought. We grew 52 herbaceous species in monocultures under drought and control treatments and characterized the functional space using seven measured above- and belowground traits: plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific root length, average root diameter, and root dry matter content. Then, we estimated how each species occupied this space and the amount of functional space occupied in both treatments using trait probability density functions. We also estimated intraspecific trait variability (ITV) for each species as the dissimilarity in trait values between the individuals of each treatment. We then mapped drought resistance and ITV in the functional space using generalized additive models. The response of species to drought strongly depended on their traits, with species that invested more in root tissues and conserved small size being both more resistant to drought and having higher ITV. We also observed a significant trend of trait displacement towards less conservative strategies. However, these changes depended strongly on the trait values of species in the control treatment, with species with different traits having opposing responses to drought. These contrasting responses resulted in lower trait variability in the species pool in drought compared to control conditions. Our results suggest strong trait filtering acting on conservative species as well as the existence of an optimal part in the functional space to which species converge under drought. Our results show that changes in species trait-space occupancy are key to understand plant strategies to withstand drought, highlighting the importance of individual variation in response to environmental changes, and suggest that community-wide functional diversity and biomass productivity could decrease in a drier future. Knowing these shifts will help to anticipate changes in ecosystem functioning facing climate change. The complete dataset is in the file.