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  • Netherlands Research Portal

  • Authors: Zielonka, Simon;

    Zur Monofermentation des in Rührkesselreaktoren problematischen Substrates Grassilage wurden an der Landesanstalt für Agrartechnik und Bioenergie der Universität Hohenheim Laboruntersu-chungen an einem zweiphasigen Biogasverfahren, bestehend aus einem diskontinuierlich beschick-ten Perkolationsfermenter und einem Festbettmethanreaktor, durchgeführt. Das Ziel war es die relevanten Betriebsparameter zu identifizieren und zu optimieren um festzustel-len, ob dieses Verfahren eine mögliche Alternative zu den bisher in der Praxis angewandten Ver-fahren darstellt. An der aus fünf Reaktorpaaren bestehenden Versuchsbiogasanlage wurden dazu unter anderem die Auswirkungen der variierten Parameter auf den Methanertrag und dessen Verteilung auf die Prozessphasen, den Abbaugrad und die CSB-Ausbeute aus den Perkolationsfermentern betrach-tet. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Trennung der beiden Prozessphasen verbessert werden kann, je mehr und je öfter Perkolat zwischen den Phasen ausgetauscht wird. Die Untersu-chung der Perkolationsfermentertemperatur ergab die schnellste und höchste Methanbildung in der zweiphasigen Biogasanlage bei einer Temperatur von 55 °C. Bei der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Substrate wurde ein individuelles Gärverhalten beobachtet, das sich vor allem auf die Trennschärfe des Prozesses auswirkte. Insgesamt zeigte sich bei den Versuchen ein stabiles Gärverhalten und bei einer optimierten Betriebsweise der Anlage wurden Methanerträge wie in einphasigen Refe-renzsystemen erreicht. Die Verweilzeit für einen Kilogramm organische Trockensubstanz betrug dabei jedoch nur noch etwa 25 Tage. Es wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Verfahrens nachgewiesen und eine wesentliche Grundlage für den Betrieb und die Optimierung von diskontinuierlichen zweiphasigen Biogasanlagen mit Per-kolationsfermenter und Festbettreaktor geschaffen. ; The anaerobic digestion of grass silage as a single substrate, which is a problematic substrate in CSTR digesters, was researched at the State Institute of Agricultural ...

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    Authors: Schulzke, Tim;
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    Authors: Kullmann, Armin;

    Die Regionalvermarktung durch Regionalinitiativen ist vielfach eine Erfolgsgeschichte, in deren Folge sich auch regionales Lebensmittel-Marketing im Lebensmittel-Einzelhandel etabliert hat. Voll entwickelte Regionalinitiativen folgen dem ���dualen Modell���, sind gleichzeitig Netzwerk und Unternehmen. Der Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte kommt in vielen Konzepten eine h��here Bedeutung zu. Was macht nachhaltige regionale Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen erfolgreich? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden in dieser Arbeit - aufbauend auf Theoriegrundlagen zu Innovation und Kooperation, Sozialkapital und Netzwerken, kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen sowie regionaler Governance - drei regionale Fallstudien-Projekte sowie ein Referenzprojekt untersucht, deren Entwicklungsprozesse analysiert und visualisiert. Neben der Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie werden Begriffe systemischer Theorien zur Erkl��rung genutzt. In diesem Zuge werden 70 Erfolgsfaktoren als Elemente dieser Systeme hergeleitet, identifiziert und beschrieben, die acht Ebenen eines qualitativen System-Modells nachhaltiger regionaler WSO zugeordnet werden; dessen Aufbau wird in dieser Arbeit systematisch dargestellt. Diese Erfolgsfaktoren und das System-Modell werden f��r vertiefende Analysen genutzt, deren weitere Ergebnisse beschrieben. In der Diskussion werden Anregungen zur gezielten Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger regionaler Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen formuliert. Regional and local food-marketing, driven by regional initiatives of farmers and other activists, are a success story, which has been followed up by regional marketing-strategies in retail markets. Fully developed regional initiatives are ���dual models���; they are networks as well as enterprises. Sustainability of production plays a big role in many initiatives and in a growing market. But what makes ���sustainable regional value-adding organizations��� successful? The answer to this question in this study has been built on theories of innovation and cooperation, networks and social capital, small and medium enterprises and regional governance. The development-processes of three case-study- and one reference-project have been intensively analysed and partly visualized, explained with patterns of actors- as well as systems-theory. In this process 70 success factors have been deduced, identified and described as elements of these systems, which have been assigned to eight levels of an qualitative system-model. Both, success factors and the system-model, have been used and testet for some deeper studies, the findings are displayed here. In the discussion suggestions for the further development of sustainable regional value-adding organizations are made.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
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    Authors: E, Landsteiner;
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  • Authors: Osterburg, Bernhard; Nieberg, Hiltrud; Ruter, Sebastian; Isermeyer, Folkhard; +18 Authors

    Zusammenfassung : In dieser Studie werden Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) aus der deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft analysiert und Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Reduzierung erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Eignung von Ökobilanzen für die Bewertung von Produktionsverfahren und Produkten untersucht. In Kapitel 2 werden theoretische Grundlagen für die Umsetzung von Klimaschutzpolitiken erörtert. Als Bilanzierungs- und Analysemethoden werden die Emissionsberichterstattung, die umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen, Ökobilanzen (Life Cycle Assessment) und Carbon Footprints vorgestellt. Es folgt in Kapitel 3 eine Analyse der THG-Emissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors nach Quellgruppen der Klimaberichterstattung sowie in Bezug auf Produktionsprozesse und erzeugte Agrargüter. Anschließend wird in Kapitel 4 der Stand des Wissens zu kumulierten THG-Emissionen der Ernährungswirtschaft bis hin zum Konsum dargestellt. In Kapitel 5 wird eine Übersicht über mögliche technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen zur Verringerung von THG-Emissionen im Agrarsektor sowie Optionen für das individuelle Verbraucherverhalten gegeben. Erste Hinweise, wie die Politik die Realisierung wirksamer Klimaschutzmaßnahmen unterstützen kann, werden in Kapitel 6 vorgestellt. Als Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Bereich Landwirtschaft und Landnutzung werden die Verbesserung der Stickstoffausnutzung, die Verwendung von Gülle in Biogasanlagen, die Beschränkung der Umwandlung von Grünland in Ackerland und die Renaturierung von Niedermooren hervorgehoben. Im Bereich Ernährung und Verbraucherverhalten sollte der Wissenstransfer im Mittelpunkt stehen. Produktspezifische Klima-Labels für Lebensmittel werden als ungeeignet angesehen. Bezüglich der Politiken zur Förderung der Bioenergie wird eine Ausrichtung auf Technologien mit den kostengünstigsten Klimaschutzbeiträgen empfohlen. Die Studie schließt mit einem kurzen Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschungsarbeit des vTI im Bereich Klimaschutz und Ökobilanzierung. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summary: This study addresses the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the German agri-food sector, and options for mitigation. Further, the suitability of eco-balances for valuation of processes and products is explored. Chapter 2 refers to the theoretical basis of climate protection, and, as tools for analysis, GHG accounting, the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), eco-balances (Life Cycle Analysis) and carbon footprints are presented. In chapter 3, agricultural GHG emissions are analysed by GHG sources, processes and food products, and in chapter 4 the state of knowledge of emissions stemming from food processing, retail and households is portrayed. Chapter 5 introduces to technical and organisational mitigation options in agriculture and regarding consumer decisions. First hints how policy might support GHG mitigation are presented in chapter 6. The study closes with an outlook on future research activities of vTI in the area of climate protection and eco-balancing.

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    Authors: Hagedorn, Gregor; Heger, Tina;

    Neue Gesetze fördern die Agrarwende: Technik und Digitalisierung sichern hohe Erträge. Böden, Wälder und Moore sind nachhaltig bewirtschaftet und bieten gleichzeitig Lebensräume für Tiere und Pflanzen. Entsiegelung lässt Städte ergrünen. – Projekt Zukunftsbilder: Wissenschaftler:innen stellen auf Basis aktueller Forschungsergebnisse und Studien dar, wie eine nachhaltige Welt aussehen könnte. Dieser Text beschreibt eine von über 40 Facetten des Lebens und Wirtschaftens in einem von vier Zukunftsbildern. Weitere Texte finden sich in der Zenodo-Community des Projekts ‘Zukunftsbilder’. Neben einem Weiter-so-Bild (Titel: „Langsam“) werden drei verschiedene positive Zukünfte geschildert (Titel: „Groß“, „Fokussiert“ und „Graswurzel“), die soziale Ziele erreichen und planetare Grenzen (zum Beispiel die Pariser Klimaziele oder Biodiversitätsziele) einhalten. Unsere Texte sind keine formellen wissenschaftlichen Zukunftsszenarien, sondern Beschreibungen von möglichen Zukünften. Sie wurden gemeinsam von Wissenschaftler:innen und Menschen aus sozialen Bewegungen erarbeitet und von Wissenschaftler:innen begutachtet. Die Texte stellen die Sichtweise der Autor:innen dar und sind nicht innerhalb aller beteiligten Organisationen abgestimmt. Das Projekt dient dazu, eine neue, konstruktive Diskussion um unsere Zukunft mit möglichst vielen Menschen anzuregen. Mehr Informationen unter www.zukunftsbilder.net. Bitte die aktuellste Version beachten!

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  • Authors: Kurig, Nils;

    The search for alternative technologies to generate and store energy, together with the need to close carbon cycles, is providing a renaissance for organic electrochemistry. This work addresses the advancement of promising methods in the context of an electrified biorefinery.As a long-term goal of most industrial chemical processes, continuous reactions are also of great interest for electrification. Therefore, general concepts for Kolbe and non-Kolbe electrolysis in flow cells were investigated using model systems. It was found that Kolbe electrolysis is particularly suitable for semi-continuous conversions due to concentrated substrate solutions. Using the dimerization of levulinic acid as an example, previous literature results were exceeded with a yield of 75%. In non-Kolbe electrolysis, various reactor designs were realized using conventional fabrication methods as well as 3D printing. The synthesis of a promising drop-in fuel mixture was then tested in the continuous flow cell, achieving a space-time-yield seven times higher than the optimized batch reaction. Lastly, 3D printing was shown to make microreactors accessible for non- Kolbe electrolysis. To make electrochemical reactions even more efficient, different reduction reactions of levulinic acid were investigated that could be coupled to Kolbe electrolysis. Direct hydrogenation, already discussed in the literature, was used here to demonstrate the suitability of screen-printed electrodes for subsequent in situ spectroscopic studies. A novel reductive valorization was demonstrated by nitrogen incorporation and cyclization to 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidone in yields up to 78%.In another study of coupling anodic and cathodic conversions, the glucose dimer cellobiose was converted to the fine chemicals cellobitol and cellobionic acid. The electrochemical synthesis of cellobitol was not demonstrated before. While the oxidation reaction had already been studied by cyclic voltammetry and the synthesis of cellobionic acid had been reported, yields of 94% were achieved for the first time by using a redox mediator. In the last part of the work, spectroelectrochemical methods were established to study the adsorption of the organic substrates on electrode surfaces and ultimately to advance the understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Using in situ ATR-SEIRAS, the competition of Kolbe electrolysis and OER was compared in aqueous and methanolic solutions. Competitive adsorption was also observed for the reductive conversions of levulinic acid, simultaneously confirming that the reactions occur within the Helmholtz layer. In addition, an in situ Raman measurement cell was developed in which low-cost screen-printed electrodes can be used for screening studies. Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). doi:10.18154/RWTH-2023-04090 = Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    Authors: Pohl, Manfred;

    Auch 1995 gab es monatelang keinen öffentlichen Auftritt des neuen „großen Führers“ Kim Jong-il, wenn auch Beobachter kaum Zweifel daran hegen, daß er die Machtapparate kontrolliert. Die unangefochtene Machtposition seines Vaters dürfte er jedoch nicht haben, denn viele Anzeichen deuten darauf hin, daß die Armeeführung sich ein starkes Mitspracherecht gesichert hat. Noch hat Kim Jong-il nicht formell die beiden höchsten Positionen in Staat (Präsident) und Partei (Generalsekretär) eingenommen, russische Beobachter rechnen damit, daß die „Inthronisierung“ 1996 stattfinden könnte; Ende 1995 habe der junge Kim noch „unter dem Schock des Todes seines Vaters gestanden“, so der Vorsitzende des Rates der „Union der Kommunistischen Parteien Rußlands“ in Pyongyang (KBS Radio, korean., 30.11.95, in: Survey of World Broadcasts (SWB), 2.12.95). Südkoreanische Beobachter dagegen gehen davon aus, daß gegenwärtig eher eine kollektive Führung kurzfristiges „Krisenmanagement“ betreibt, wobei das Militär die entscheidende Position innehat. Korea: Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, 1996: Korea: Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.11588/kj...
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY SA
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.11588/kj...
      Article . 2018
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    Authors: Gottlieb, Daphna; Qvinn, Elazar; Nega, Mula; Rapaport, Aviv; +2 Authors

    Safe food grain storages are considered as a measure to adapt to the changing global climates and as a channel to food security, particularly in periods when agriculture fails. However, grain storage themselves can be heavily affected by changing global climates. One main aspect of the ‘climate change’ is the rise of global temperature that may lead to an increase in atmospheric humidity. This climate change, warm and humid, are not suitable for grain storage. At such a scenario, stored grain is at a risk due to the favorable conditions developed for the growth of insect pests. Predicting the future ecological impact of climate change drivers requires understanding how these same drivers have acted in the past on the dynamics of insect's population. In the past ten years there has been a detailed documentation on the biotic and abiotic conditions of two storage sites in Israel. This historical ecological data can reveal long-term consequences of multiple drivers of climate change. The changes can be evident at the level of the species and at the level of the societies of insect-pest in the grain storage. The differences between two storages located at different climate regions in Israel further predict the direction current IPM practice may lead to. Following this understanding, we hope to develop feasible mitigation strategies that might overcome the changes ahead of us.

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    Julius-Kühn-Archiv
    Article . 2018
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      Julius-Kühn-Archiv
      Article . 2018
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  • Authors: Perrino, David Adriano;

    Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprueft - gesperrte Arbeit (bis 2024-09-13+02:00) Abweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers

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  • Authors: Zielonka, Simon;

    Zur Monofermentation des in Rührkesselreaktoren problematischen Substrates Grassilage wurden an der Landesanstalt für Agrartechnik und Bioenergie der Universität Hohenheim Laboruntersu-chungen an einem zweiphasigen Biogasverfahren, bestehend aus einem diskontinuierlich beschick-ten Perkolationsfermenter und einem Festbettmethanreaktor, durchgeführt. Das Ziel war es die relevanten Betriebsparameter zu identifizieren und zu optimieren um festzustel-len, ob dieses Verfahren eine mögliche Alternative zu den bisher in der Praxis angewandten Ver-fahren darstellt. An der aus fünf Reaktorpaaren bestehenden Versuchsbiogasanlage wurden dazu unter anderem die Auswirkungen der variierten Parameter auf den Methanertrag und dessen Verteilung auf die Prozessphasen, den Abbaugrad und die CSB-Ausbeute aus den Perkolationsfermentern betrach-tet. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Trennung der beiden Prozessphasen verbessert werden kann, je mehr und je öfter Perkolat zwischen den Phasen ausgetauscht wird. Die Untersu-chung der Perkolationsfermentertemperatur ergab die schnellste und höchste Methanbildung in der zweiphasigen Biogasanlage bei einer Temperatur von 55 °C. Bei der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Substrate wurde ein individuelles Gärverhalten beobachtet, das sich vor allem auf die Trennschärfe des Prozesses auswirkte. Insgesamt zeigte sich bei den Versuchen ein stabiles Gärverhalten und bei einer optimierten Betriebsweise der Anlage wurden Methanerträge wie in einphasigen Refe-renzsystemen erreicht. Die Verweilzeit für einen Kilogramm organische Trockensubstanz betrug dabei jedoch nur noch etwa 25 Tage. Es wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Verfahrens nachgewiesen und eine wesentliche Grundlage für den Betrieb und die Optimierung von diskontinuierlichen zweiphasigen Biogasanlagen mit Per-kolationsfermenter und Festbettreaktor geschaffen. ; The anaerobic digestion of grass silage as a single substrate, which is a problematic substrate in CSTR digesters, was researched at the State Institute of Agricultural ...

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    Authors: Schulzke, Tim;
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    Authors: Kullmann, Armin;

    Die Regionalvermarktung durch Regionalinitiativen ist vielfach eine Erfolgsgeschichte, in deren Folge sich auch regionales Lebensmittel-Marketing im Lebensmittel-Einzelhandel etabliert hat. Voll entwickelte Regionalinitiativen folgen dem ���dualen Modell���, sind gleichzeitig Netzwerk und Unternehmen. Der Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte kommt in vielen Konzepten eine h��here Bedeutung zu. Was macht nachhaltige regionale Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen erfolgreich? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden in dieser Arbeit - aufbauend auf Theoriegrundlagen zu Innovation und Kooperation, Sozialkapital und Netzwerken, kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen sowie regionaler Governance - drei regionale Fallstudien-Projekte sowie ein Referenzprojekt untersucht, deren Entwicklungsprozesse analysiert und visualisiert. Neben der Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie werden Begriffe systemischer Theorien zur Erkl��rung genutzt. In diesem Zuge werden 70 Erfolgsfaktoren als Elemente dieser Systeme hergeleitet, identifiziert und beschrieben, die acht Ebenen eines qualitativen System-Modells nachhaltiger regionaler WSO zugeordnet werden; dessen Aufbau wird in dieser Arbeit systematisch dargestellt. Diese Erfolgsfaktoren und das System-Modell werden f��r vertiefende Analysen genutzt, deren weitere Ergebnisse beschrieben. In der Diskussion werden Anregungen zur gezielten Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger regionaler Wertsch��pfungsorganisationen formuliert. Regional and local food-marketing, driven by regional initiatives of farmers and other activists, are a success story, which has been followed up by regional marketing-strategies in retail markets. Fully developed regional initiatives are ���dual models���; they are networks as well as enterprises. Sustainability of production plays a big role in many initiatives and in a growing market. But what makes ���sustainable regional value-adding organizations��� successful? The answer to this question in this study has been built on theories of innovation and cooperation, networks and social capital, small and medium enterprises and regional governance. The development-processes of three case-study- and one reference-project have been intensively analysed and partly visualized, explained with patterns of actors- as well as systems-theory. In this process 70 success factors have been deduced, identified and described as elements of these systems, which have been assigned to eight levels of an qualitative system-model. Both, success factors and the system-model, have been used and testet for some deeper studies, the findings are displayed here. In the discussion suggestions for the further development of sustainable regional value-adding organizations are made.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: E, Landsteiner;
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  • Authors: Osterburg, Bernhard; Nieberg, Hiltrud; Ruter, Sebastian; Isermeyer, Folkhard; +18 Authors

    Zusammenfassung : In dieser Studie werden Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) aus der deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft analysiert und Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Reduzierung erörtert. Darüber hinaus wird die Eignung von Ökobilanzen für die Bewertung von Produktionsverfahren und Produkten untersucht. In Kapitel 2 werden theoretische Grundlagen für die Umsetzung von Klimaschutzpolitiken erörtert. Als Bilanzierungs- und Analysemethoden werden die Emissionsberichterstattung, die umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen, Ökobilanzen (Life Cycle Assessment) und Carbon Footprints vorgestellt. Es folgt in Kapitel 3 eine Analyse der THG-Emissionen des deutschen Agrar- und Ernährungssektors nach Quellgruppen der Klimaberichterstattung sowie in Bezug auf Produktionsprozesse und erzeugte Agrargüter. Anschließend wird in Kapitel 4 der Stand des Wissens zu kumulierten THG-Emissionen der Ernährungswirtschaft bis hin zum Konsum dargestellt. In Kapitel 5 wird eine Übersicht über mögliche technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen zur Verringerung von THG-Emissionen im Agrarsektor sowie Optionen für das individuelle Verbraucherverhalten gegeben. Erste Hinweise, wie die Politik die Realisierung wirksamer Klimaschutzmaßnahmen unterstützen kann, werden in Kapitel 6 vorgestellt. Als Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Bereich Landwirtschaft und Landnutzung werden die Verbesserung der Stickstoffausnutzung, die Verwendung von Gülle in Biogasanlagen, die Beschränkung der Umwandlung von Grünland in Ackerland und die Renaturierung von Niedermooren hervorgehoben. Im Bereich Ernährung und Verbraucherverhalten sollte der Wissenstransfer im Mittelpunkt stehen. Produktspezifische Klima-Labels für Lebensmittel werden als ungeeignet angesehen. Bezüglich der Politiken zur Förderung der Bioenergie wird eine Ausrichtung auf Technologien mit den kostengünstigsten Klimaschutzbeiträgen empfohlen. Die Studie schließt mit einem kurzen Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschungsarbeit des vTI im Bereich Klimaschutz und Ökobilanzierung. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summary: This study addresses the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the German agri-food sector, and options for mitigation. Further, the suitability of eco-balances for valuation of processes and products is explored. Chapter 2 refers to the theoretical basis of climate protection, and, as tools for analysis, GHG accounting, the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), eco-balances (Life Cycle Analysis) and carbon footprints are presented. In chapter 3, agricultural GHG emissions are analysed by GHG sources, processes and food products, and in chapter 4 the state of knowledge of emissions stemming from food processing, retail and households is portrayed. Chapter 5 introduces to technical and organisational mitigation options in agriculture and regarding consumer decisions. First hints how policy might support GHG mitigation are presented in chapter 6. The study closes with an outlook on future research activities of vTI in the area of climate protection and eco-balancing.

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    Authors: Hagedorn, Gregor; Heger, Tina;

    Neue Gesetze fördern die Agrarwende: Technik und Digitalisierung sichern hohe Erträge. Böden, Wälder und Moore sind nachhaltig bewirtschaftet und bieten gleichzeitig Lebensräume für Tiere und Pflanzen. Entsiegelung lässt Städte ergrünen. – Projekt Zukunftsbilder: Wissenschaftler:innen stellen auf Basis aktueller Forschungsergebnisse und Studien dar, wie eine nachhaltige Welt aussehen könnte. Dieser Text beschreibt eine von über 40 Facetten des Lebens und Wirtschaftens in einem von vier Zukunftsbildern. Weitere Texte finden sich in der Zenodo-Community des Projekts ‘Zukunftsbilder’. Neben einem Weiter-so-Bild (Titel: „Langsam“) werden drei verschiedene positive Zukünfte geschildert (Titel: „Groß“, „Fokussiert“ und „Graswurzel“), die soziale Ziele erreichen und planetare Grenzen (zum Beispiel die Pariser Klimaziele oder Biodiversitätsziele) einhalten. Unsere Texte sind keine formellen wissenschaftlichen Zukunftsszenarien, sondern Beschreibungen von möglichen Zukünften. Sie wurden gemeinsam von Wissenschaftler:innen und Menschen aus sozialen Bewegungen erarbeitet und von Wissenschaftler:innen begutachtet. Die Texte stellen die Sichtweise der Autor:innen dar und sind nicht innerhalb aller beteiligten Organisationen abgestimmt. Das Projekt dient dazu, eine neue, konstruktive Diskussion um unsere Zukunft mit möglichst vielen Menschen anzuregen. Mehr Informationen unter www.zukunftsbilder.net. Bitte die aktuellste Version beachten!

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  • Authors: Kurig, Nils;

    The search for alternative technologies to generate and store energy, together with the need to close carbon cycles, is providing a renaissance for organic electrochemistry. This work addresses the advancement of promising methods in the context of an electrified biorefinery.As a long-term goal of most industrial chemical processes, continuous reactions are also of great interest for electrification. Therefore, general concepts for Kolbe and non-Kolbe electrolysis in flow cells were investigated using model systems. It was found that Kolbe electrolysis is particularly suitable for semi-continuous conversions due to concentrated substrate solutions. Using the dimerization of levulinic acid as an example, previous literature results were exceeded with a yield of 75%. In non-Kolbe electrolysis, various reactor designs were realized using conventional fabrication methods as well as 3D printing. The synthesis of a promising drop-in fuel mixture was then tested in the continuous flow cell, achieving a space-time-yield seven times higher than the optimized batch reaction. Lastly, 3D printing was shown to make microreactors accessible for non- Kolbe electrolysis. To make electrochemical reactions even more efficient, different reduction reactions of levulinic acid were investigated that could be coupled to Kolbe electrolysis. Direct hydrogenation, already discussed in the literature, was used here to demonstrate the suitability of screen-printed electrodes for subsequent in situ spectroscopic studies. A novel reductive valorization was demonstrated by nitrogen incorporation and cyclization to 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidone in yields up to 78%.In another study of coupling anodic and cathodic conversions, the glucose dimer cellobiose was converted to the fine chemicals cellobitol and cellobionic acid. The electrochemical synthesis of cellobitol was not demonstrated before. While the oxidation reaction had already been studied by cyclic voltammetry and the synthesis of cellobionic acid had been reported, yields of 94% were achieved for the first time by using a redox mediator. In the last part of the work, spectroelectrochemical methods were established to study the adsorption of the organic substrates on electrode surfaces and ultimately to advance the understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Using in situ ATR-SEIRAS, the competition of Kolbe electrolysis and OER was compared in aqueous and methanolic solutions. Competitive adsorption was also observed for the reductive conversions of levulinic acid, simultaneously confirming that the reactions occur within the Helmholtz layer. In addition, an in situ Raman measurement cell was developed in which low-cost screen-printed electrodes can be used for screening studies. Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). doi:10.18154/RWTH-2023-04090 = Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    Authors: Pohl, Manfred;

    Auch 1995 gab es monatelang keinen öffentlichen Auftritt des neuen „großen Führers“ Kim Jong-il, wenn auch Beobachter kaum Zweifel daran hegen, daß er die Machtapparate kontrolliert. Die unangefochtene Machtposition seines Vaters dürfte er jedoch nicht haben, denn viele Anzeichen deuten darauf hin, daß die Armeeführung sich ein starkes Mitspracherecht gesichert hat. Noch hat Kim Jong-il nicht formell die beiden höchsten Positionen in Staat (Präsident) und Partei (Generalsekretär) eingenommen, russische Beobachter rechnen damit, daß die „Inthronisierung“ 1996 stattfinden könnte; Ende 1995 habe der junge Kim noch „unter dem Schock des Todes seines Vaters gestanden“, so der Vorsitzende des Rates der „Union der Kommunistischen Parteien Rußlands“ in Pyongyang (KBS Radio, korean., 30.11.95, in: Survey of World Broadcasts (SWB), 2.12.95). Südkoreanische Beobachter dagegen gehen davon aus, daß gegenwärtig eher eine kollektive Führung kurzfristiges „Krisenmanagement“ betreibt, wobei das Militär die entscheidende Position innehat. Korea: Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, 1996: Korea: Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.11588/kj...
    Article . 2018
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    Authors: Gottlieb, Daphna; Qvinn, Elazar; Nega, Mula; Rapaport, Aviv; +2 Authors

    Safe food grain storages are considered as a measure to adapt to the changing global climates and as a channel to food security, particularly in periods when agriculture fails. However, grain storage themselves can be heavily affected by changing global climates. One main aspect of the ‘climate change’ is the rise of global temperature that may lead to an increase in atmospheric humidity. This climate change, warm and humid, are not suitable for grain storage. At such a scenario, stored grain is at a risk due to the favorable conditions developed for the growth of insect pests. Predicting the future ecological impact of climate change drivers requires understanding how these same drivers have acted in the past on the dynamics of insect's population. In the past ten years there has been a detailed documentation on the biotic and abiotic conditions of two storage sites in Israel. This historical ecological data can reveal long-term consequences of multiple drivers of climate change. The changes can be evident at the level of the species and at the level of the societies of insect-pest in the grain storage. The differences between two storages located at different climate regions in Israel further predict the direction current IPM practice may lead to. Following this understanding, we hope to develop feasible mitigation strategies that might overcome the changes ahead of us.

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    Article . 2018
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  • Authors: Perrino, David Adriano;

    Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprueft - gesperrte Arbeit (bis 2024-09-13+02:00) Abweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers

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