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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2016 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Aoun, Youva;This thesis deals with a methodology to assess the capabilities of future spaceborne instruments. The case study is the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) of the future Meteosat Third Generation Imaging mission (MTG - I), and in particular its ability to detect variations in load of desert aerosols in a realistically variable atmosphere. A better understanding of the behavior of these aerosols is part of regularly expressed needs for the study of the climate, weather forecast or assessment of the solar resource in arid areas such as the Sahara. This type of aerosols is abundant in the atmosphere. Their physical and chemical properties make them distinguishable from other types of aerosols such as those resulting from anthropogenic pollution, especially as they are emitted in areas protected from contamination by these other types. They therefore represent a simple case study to validate the methodology developed in this thesis.The methodology is to provide a simulator of the view of the instrument to perform a large number of simulations of the radiance measured under different atmospheric conditions and ground albedo, to analyze the results in order to quantify the influence of each variable in the variation of radiance, and then conclude on the capabilities of detection through a test of detectability taking into account the characteristics of the instrument.The developed simulator was validated by comparison against actual measurements of the SEVIRI instruments onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellites. The main innovation lies in the use of the global sensitivity analysis approach (GSA). The latter quantifies the influence of each variable separately as well as their crossed terms. Cumulative distribution functions were computed from actual observations and allow a realistic sensitivity analysis of the instrument. The GSA is also used to compute functional representation of the influence of one or more variables on the variability of the observed signal. The usefulness of such representations is discussed ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2000 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Rigollier, Christelle;The Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth. There is a strong need for information on solar radiation in many domains, but there is a large discrepancy between user request and available information. Solar radiation is measured by ground networks, but measurements are punctual and scattered. Therefore interpolation or extrapolation techniques are necessary, but they are leading to errors growing with the distance from the station. In this framework, we are proposing firstly a method to estimate solar radiation from satellite images, and secondly tools to allow the customer to access more efficiently to information on solar radiation throughout Internet. Among the existing methods, the Heliosat method has been chosen with regard to quality, robustness, and exploitation criteria that must be stronger considering the objective of creating a climatology of solar radiation. We are thus proposing sorne changes to improve the Heliosat method by 1) introducing a method for the automatic calibration of Meteosat sensors, 2) using a more accurate clear-sky model, 3) establishing a new relationship between cloud and clear-sky indices, 4) evaluating albedos of various surfaces from calibrated images. Consequently, the "Heliosat-2" method will be a strong basis to elaborate a climatic database of solar radiation to be disseminated throughout the Internet. ; Le Soleil est la source d'énergie essentielle de notre planète, et la connaissance du rayonnement solaire devient nécessaire dans un nombre croissant de domaines, où les utilisateurs font face à un manque de données. Les mesures disponibles dans le réseau météorologique mondial fournissent des valeurs du rayonnement solaire reçu au sol ; cependant elles sont ponctuelles et dispersées. Il est alors nécessaire de recourir à des interpolations ou extrapolations, techniques d'autant moins précises que la distance à la station augmente. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'une part une méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire reçu au sol à partir d'images ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Fick, Gael;High CO2 emissions from the industrial production of pig iron pipes are mainly due to the massive use of fossil carbon, coal and coke, as a fuel and/or a reducing agent in the processes. The use of biogenic carbon as a substitute for fossil carbon in order to reduce the CO2 emissions, in the case of an existing plant in Lorraine, was the starting point of our work.Different types of biomass were investigated. Local resources for wood and straw would be sufficient for a partial substitution for 20% of the coke. However, this kind of biomass should first undergo a thermal pretreatment step (drying and pyrolysis) to fit the technical requirements for the metallurgical processes (sinter plant, coke oven and blast furnace). Four scenarios of using biomass in the blast furnace or at the sinter plant were selected.To evaluate their environmental performances, we produced a comparative life cycle assessment, using a cradle-to-gate approach.An original feature of our study lies in the use of systems modeling for the determination of the life cycle inventories of the main processes, which were modeled using a flowsheeting software. From these models, particularly the model of the blast furnace, we could evaluate the replacement ratio of three biomass types (charcoal lumps, charcoal fines and torrefied wood fines) for the coke and predict the influence of biomass injection in the blast furnace on its operation.The results of the life cycle assessment show that the injection of pulverized, torrefied or carbonized, wood through the tuyeres of the blast furnace would be an attracting solution from an environmental point of view. It would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15%, as well as mitigate the impacts on human health and ecosystems. Yet, the costs associated to such a solution are currently too high. Les émissions élevées de CO2 de la filière industrielle de fabrication des tuyaux en fonte résultent pour l’essentiel de l’emploi massif de carbone fossile, charbon et coke, comme combustible et agent réducteur dans les procédés. Substituer du carbone issu de biomasse au carbone fossile en vue de réduire ces émissions de CO2, avec application au cas d’une usine lorraine, a été l’idée de départ de ce travail.Différents types de biomasse ont été envisagés. Le bois et la paille seraient localement disponibles en quantité suffisante pour autoriser une substitution partielle de 20 % du coke. Cette biomasse doit cependant être traitée thermiquement (séchage et pyrolyse) avant de satisfaire les spécifications techniques imposées par les procédés métallurgiques (agglomération, cokerie, haut fourneau). Six scénarios d’usage de la biomasse au haut fourneau ou à l’agglomération ont été sélectionnés.Pour les évaluer sur la base de leur mérite environnemental, nous avons réalisé une analyse de cycle de vie comparative en suivant une approche du type berceau à la porte.Point original de notre étude, l’inventaire de cycle de vie est issu de modèles systémiques des principaux procédés, spécifiquement développés et intégrés à un logiciel de diagrammes de flux. Grâce à ces modèles et notamment celui du haut fourneau, on a pu déterminer les taux de remplacement du coke par trois types de biomasse (charbon de bois en blocs, charbon de bois pulvérisé, bois torréfié pulvérisé) et prédire les modifications de fonctionnement qu’entrainerait l’injection de biomasse.Les résultats de l’analyse de cycle de vie montrent que l’injection de bois, carbonisé ou torréfié, sous forme pulvérisée aux tuyères du haut fourneau serait une solution intéressante d’un point de vue environnemental : baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (-15 %) et des impacts sur la santé humaine et sur les écosystèmes. A l’heure actuelle cependant, le coût économique d’une telle solution demeure excessif.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2018 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Jutteau, Paul;Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Auswirkungen der Energiegewinnung durch Biogas auf die Landwirtschaft und die ländlichen Räume anhand einer vergleichenden Studie in vier deutschen Untersuchungsgebieten zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden die Konzepte der landwirtschaftlichen Multifunktionalität und des territorial capital in Verbindung mit der multi-level perspective auf den soziotechnischen Wandel verwendet. Dabei wurde zunächst der Trend zu einer Hybridisierung dieses Wandels herausgearbeitet. Biogas kann die produktivistischen Praktiken der Betriebe verstärken, aber auchabschwächen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungspfade gleichzeitig in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben ablaufen können. Darüber hinaus belegt diese Arbeit, dass die Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung und auch die Art von Investoren (industrielle oder finanzielle Firmen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebsarten) ebenso wie die lokalen Merkmale (Peripherisierungsprozesse bzw. Bevölkerungsrückgang im ländlichen Raum, Formen des territorialen Erbes— „héritage territorial― — oder eine besondere lokale Geschichte in Bezug auf das Thema Energie) diese ambivalenten Entwicklungspfade beeinflussen können, sobald die Akteure die betreffenden Merkmaleund Ressourcen nutzen. Deshalb kann es zur Entstehung von umweltbezogenen sozialen Ungleichheiten kommen. ; This research aims at investigating the connections between energy transitions and agricultural transformations through a comparative research focused on four case studies in Germany. The starting point of this inquiry was the ambivalence of these changes. On the one hand, biogas generation tends to reinforce the socio-economic integration of farms intoagro-industrial value chains. On the other hand, this activity could also strengthen the connections with local stakeholders, for example through the implementation of localised heating networks in neighbouring villages or cities. The first aim of this research is to depict these ambivalent agricultural changes, to identify and evaluate ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2018 FranceAuthors: Pirard, R.;handle: 10568/95133
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2019 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Hadj Kacem, Yosra;The research conducted in this thesis was achieved in the context of vegetal biomass valorization. It aims to develop a new family of aliphatic oligoesters from biobased monomers and incorporating into their structure sulfonated groups. This choice is justified by the following three considerations. (i) This is a contribution to the valorization of vegetal biomass. (ii) The presence of sulfonated units in the structure of this type of polymers gives them specific physicochemical properties favoring their use in various industrial sectors. (iii) These oligoesters can be subsequently used for the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) networks and ionic liquid-based composites with potentially interesting thermomechanical properties and a great tendency towards hydrolytic degradation. ; La transformation de la biomasse végétale en composés simples pouvant servir comme monomères pour l’élaboration de nouveaux matériaux polymères susceptibles de se substituer à leurs homologues d’origine pétrochimique a été l’un des thèmes de recherche développés au cours des deux dernières décennies. c’est dans ce vaste contexte que s’inscrivent les travaux rapportés dans ce mémoire dont l’objectif était d’élaborer une nouvelle famille d’oligoesters aliphatiques en partant de monomères biosourcés et en intégrant dans leur structure des groupes sulfonés. Cette orientation est justifié par les trois considérations suivantes (i) cela constitue une contribution à la valorisation de la biomasse végétale (ii) la présence des unités sulfonés dans leur structure leur confère des propriétés physico-chimiques particulières favorisant leur utilisation dans divers secteurs industriels. (iii) Ces oligoesters peuvent être par la suite utilisés pour la préparation des composites à base de réseaux de poly (ester-uréthane) et de liquide ionique ayant des propriétés thermomécaniques potentiellement intéressantes et une grande tendance à la dégradation hydrolytique.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2004 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Cros, Sylvain;The properties of incident shortwave solar radiation are an essential knowledge in several fields. Global irradiation at ground level can be estimated by processing images taken by geostationnary meteorological satellites in visible channel. Results are more accurate than those provided by a spatial interpolation of ground stations measurements. However, in spite of the satellite data availability for more than 25 years, long term time series of global irradiation offering a world wide coverage and a high spatial resolution do not currently exist. Moreover, satellite-based assessment methods cannot accurately estimate direct and diffuse components, and spectral distribution of solar radiation. There is thus a non-satisfied part of solar data user requirements. In this context, we propose an operational processing of time series of Meteosat images using the solar radiation assessment method called Heliosat II. We disseminate the results by developing an information system called HelioClim-1. This system delivers on-line global irradiation data over Europe, Africa and Atlantic Ocean from 1985 to 2004. We assess the quality of these data and analyse their uncertainties by comparing them with ground measurements. We ensure a temporal continuity of this system by participating on the design of a new method (Heliosat III) benefiting of the Meteosat Second Generation enhanced capabilities and by preparing the specifications of a new information system containing Heliosat III results. This work improve the quality and the accessibility of solar radiation information at ground level by using current satellite tools and new technologies of information and communication. It opens the way to a world-wide coverage of solar radiation information with a good quality and a convenient access. Les caractéristiques du rayonnement solaire incident en ondes courtes sont une connaissance essentielle pour un nombre croissant de domaines. Il existe des méthodes permettant d'estimer l'irradiation globale au sol à partir des images du spectre visible des satellites météorologiques géostationnaires, de manière plus efficace que l'interpolation spatiale de mesures en stations météorologiques. Cependant, malgré la disponibilité des images satellitales depuis plus de 25 ans, il n'existe pas actuellement de séries temporelles de l'irradiation globale à échelle mondiale avec une haute résolution spatiale sur une longue période. De plus, les méthodes satellitales ne permettent pas d'estimer avec précision les composantes directe et diffuse ainsi que la distribution spectrale du rayonnement solaire. Il existe donc une part non satisfaite des besoins des utilisateurs de données solaires au sol. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un traitement opérationnel d'une série temporelle d'images Meteosat avec la méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol Heliosat II. Nous diffusons les résultats de ce traitement en contribuant au développement d'un système d'information, appelée HelioClim-1, permettant d'obtenir, au travers d'Internet, l'irradiation globale pour l'Europe, l'Afrique et l'océan Atlantique de 1985 à 2004. Nous avons évalué la qualité des données contenues dans HelioClim-1 et analysé les erreurs par comparaisons avec des mesures acquises en stations météorologiques. Nous avons créé une continuité temporelle de ce système en participant à l'élaboration d'une méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol (Heliosat III) bénéficiant des capacités améliorées de Meteosat Second Generation et en préparant les spécifications d'un nouveau système d'information contenant les résultats de cette nouvelle méthode. Ces travaux ont apporté une amélioration à la qualité et l'accessibilité de l'information du rayonnement solaire au sol en utilisant les outils d'estimation satellitale existants et les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication. Ils ouvrent la voie à un accès à une information de qualité sur le rayonnement solaire pour l'ensemble de la surface terrestre.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2004add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2004add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010Publisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Abdallah, Rami;Chipping wood of second quality is a rapidly growing process because of the increasing use of the biomass in energy production field. The utilization of wood chips as a combustible, make it easier to automate the wood boilers function. Few studies were carried out in order to understand the mechanism of the chip formation and the evolution of cutting force during the chipping operation. In this thesis, we focused our analysis on the disc chipper. A test bench of real dimensions was built up in order to be able to vary many parameters such as cutting and feeding speed, cutting angles, feeding direction, anvil height, cutting directions, knives number and their height.Experimental study showed that chip size grows when the feeding tooth, the cutting angle and the sharpness angle increase, whereas it decreases when the cutting speed increases. The process of the chip formation is composed of two mechanisms that are shear and cracks propagation. Measurement of cutting force and electric power consumption for a bandwidth up to 3 kHz bring important results to the chip size study. The chipping test bench allowed us to reveal the correlation or the independency between the parameters needed to optimize the chipping operation; Le broyage de bois de qualité secondaire est un processus en pleine expansion avec l'augmentation de l'utilisation de la biomasse pour la production d'énergie. La transformation du bois en plaquettes facilite l'automatisation des chaudières. Peu de recherches ont traité le mécanisme de la formation des plaquettes et des efforts de coupe durant cette opération. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le système de déchiquetage à disque. Un banc d'essais de taille réelle a été construit afin de permettre la variation de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la vitesse de coupe, la vitesse d?amenage, les angles de coupe, la direction d'amenage, la hauteur du contre-couteau, le mode de coupe, le nombre des couteaux et leur saillie.Les expérimentations ont montré que la taille des plaquettes augmente avec l'augmentation de l'avance par dent, l'angle de coupe réel et l'angle de taillant, et diminue avec l'augmentation de la vitesse de coupe. Le processus de la formation des plaquettes est composé de deux mécanismes, qui sont le cisaillement et la propagation de fissures. La mesure des efforts de coupe et de la puissance électrique consommée pour une bande passante pouvant atteindre 3 kHz complète ces données granulométriques. Grâce au banc d?essais de déchiquetage, nous avons pu montrer la corrélation ou l'indépendance de facteurs influents intervenant dans l'optimisation des conditions de coupe
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2010add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2010add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2009 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:FCT | LA 1FCT| LA 1Authors: Shili-Touzi, Inès;The introduction of a living cover crop during a cash crop growth cycle (relay intercropping) and its maintenance after the cash crop harvest may help to preserve biodiversity, increase soil organic matter content and carbon sequestration and provide other ecosystem services, such as increasing useful biotic interactions within the agroecosystem. We studied the impact of various approaches to managing a cover crop (red-fescue (Festuca rubra L.) or Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)) intercropped with a winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) during an annual scale in terms of light, water and nitrogen competition, using both modeling and experimental approaches. Modelling and experimental results showing that the use of a leguminous as a cover crop in a wheat intercropping system can therefore improve environmental performances by favoring certain biotic processes such as the production of primary biomass, the interception of radiation, which might otherwise reach weeds, and nitrate leaching at the end of growth cycle. These positives effects where observed during intercropping period and especially after the harvest of wheat, when the cover crop is maintained alive. Whatever the experiment, soil tillage had a very little effect on these processes; Les systèmes de cultures sous couvert végétal permanent associé à une culture commerciale ont la réputation d'être susceptibles d'assurer certains services écologiques et agronomiques : étouffement des adventices, mais aussi protection du sol, augmentation de la biodiversité, de l'activité biologique et du taux de matière organique des sols, diminution de l'érosion. Si ces systèmes se sont bien développés en climat tropical, ils restent toutefois presque inexistants en climat tempéré. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer, par modélisation et expérimentation, les différentes interactions qui existent entre une culture de blé et une plante de couverture (fétuque rouge (Festuca rubra L.) ou luzerne (Medicago sativa L.)) cultivées simultanément pour les différentes ressources du milieu (lumière, eau et azote) dans les conditions de climat tempéré. La période considérée comprend la période culturale (association) et la période d'interculture (couvert maintenu vivant après la récolte du blé). Les résultats de modélisation et d'expérimentation montrent que l'introduction d'une plante de couverture en association avec un blé et son maintien en vie en période d'interculture peuvent améliorer les performances environnementales du système en favorisant certains processus biotiques comme par exemple la production de biomasse primaire, l'interception de rayonnement (qui agit directement sur le développement des adventices en réduisant la ressource en lumière arrivant au niveau du sol), et la réduction du stock d'azote susceptible d'être lessivé. Ces effets positifs sont observés en partie en période culturale mais surtout en période d'interculture
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2009Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2009add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2009Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2009add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2017 FrancePublisher:International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Jalloh, Abdulai; Nelson, Gerald C.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Roy-Macauley, Harold;handle: 10568/82623
Cet ouvrage qui est le premier d’une trilogie de la série changement climatique en Afrique de l’IFPRI et intitulé L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive, examine la façon dont le changement climatique nuira à la sécurité alimentaire dans 11 des pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest, à savoir le Bénin, le Burkina Faso, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, la Guinée, le Libéria, le Niger, le Nigeria, le Sénégal, la Sierra Leone et le Togo et explore la manière dont le changement climatique va exiger des efforts accrus pour parvenir à une sécurité alimentaire durable dans toute la région. La population ouest-africaine devrait croître au moins jusqu’à la moitié du siècle. La région verra également une augmentation de ses revenus. Ces deux facteurs ne feront qu’accentuer la pression sur les ressources naturelles nécessaires pour produire de la nourriture, alors que s’amoncèlent les défis liés au changement climatique. L’Afrique de l’Ouest connaît déjà la hausse des températures, des régimes pluviométriques variables et des événements extrêmes de plus en plus fréquents. Par conséquent si des mesures idoines d’adaptations ne sont pas prises, ce sont les pauvres qui en paieront le plus lourd tribut. A l’aide de centaines de cartes de scénarios, de modèles, de figures et d’analyses détaillées, les rédacteurs et contributeurs à L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive présentent des scénarios futurs plausibles qui combinent des caractéristiques économiques et biophysiques pour explorer les conséquences possibles pour l’agriculture, la sécurité alimentaire et la gestion des ressources à l’horizon 2050. Ils formulent également des recommandations aux gouvernements nationaux et aux organisations économiques régionales qui s’intéressent déjà aux vulnérabilités au changement climatique et aux écarts dans l’environnement. Les décideurs et chercheurs trouveront en L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive un précieux outil ...
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2016 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Aoun, Youva;This thesis deals with a methodology to assess the capabilities of future spaceborne instruments. The case study is the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) of the future Meteosat Third Generation Imaging mission (MTG - I), and in particular its ability to detect variations in load of desert aerosols in a realistically variable atmosphere. A better understanding of the behavior of these aerosols is part of regularly expressed needs for the study of the climate, weather forecast or assessment of the solar resource in arid areas such as the Sahara. This type of aerosols is abundant in the atmosphere. Their physical and chemical properties make them distinguishable from other types of aerosols such as those resulting from anthropogenic pollution, especially as they are emitted in areas protected from contamination by these other types. They therefore represent a simple case study to validate the methodology developed in this thesis.The methodology is to provide a simulator of the view of the instrument to perform a large number of simulations of the radiance measured under different atmospheric conditions and ground albedo, to analyze the results in order to quantify the influence of each variable in the variation of radiance, and then conclude on the capabilities of detection through a test of detectability taking into account the characteristics of the instrument.The developed simulator was validated by comparison against actual measurements of the SEVIRI instruments onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellites. The main innovation lies in the use of the global sensitivity analysis approach (GSA). The latter quantifies the influence of each variable separately as well as their crossed terms. Cumulative distribution functions were computed from actual observations and allow a realistic sensitivity analysis of the instrument. The GSA is also used to compute functional representation of the influence of one or more variables on the variability of the observed signal. The usefulness of such representations is discussed ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2000 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Rigollier, Christelle;The Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth. There is a strong need for information on solar radiation in many domains, but there is a large discrepancy between user request and available information. Solar radiation is measured by ground networks, but measurements are punctual and scattered. Therefore interpolation or extrapolation techniques are necessary, but they are leading to errors growing with the distance from the station. In this framework, we are proposing firstly a method to estimate solar radiation from satellite images, and secondly tools to allow the customer to access more efficiently to information on solar radiation throughout Internet. Among the existing methods, the Heliosat method has been chosen with regard to quality, robustness, and exploitation criteria that must be stronger considering the objective of creating a climatology of solar radiation. We are thus proposing sorne changes to improve the Heliosat method by 1) introducing a method for the automatic calibration of Meteosat sensors, 2) using a more accurate clear-sky model, 3) establishing a new relationship between cloud and clear-sky indices, 4) evaluating albedos of various surfaces from calibrated images. Consequently, the "Heliosat-2" method will be a strong basis to elaborate a climatic database of solar radiation to be disseminated throughout the Internet. ; Le Soleil est la source d'énergie essentielle de notre planète, et la connaissance du rayonnement solaire devient nécessaire dans un nombre croissant de domaines, où les utilisateurs font face à un manque de données. Les mesures disponibles dans le réseau météorologique mondial fournissent des valeurs du rayonnement solaire reçu au sol ; cependant elles sont ponctuelles et dispersées. Il est alors nécessaire de recourir à des interpolations ou extrapolations, techniques d'autant moins précises que la distance à la station augmente. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'une part une méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire reçu au sol à partir d'images ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Fick, Gael;High CO2 emissions from the industrial production of pig iron pipes are mainly due to the massive use of fossil carbon, coal and coke, as a fuel and/or a reducing agent in the processes. The use of biogenic carbon as a substitute for fossil carbon in order to reduce the CO2 emissions, in the case of an existing plant in Lorraine, was the starting point of our work.Different types of biomass were investigated. Local resources for wood and straw would be sufficient for a partial substitution for 20% of the coke. However, this kind of biomass should first undergo a thermal pretreatment step (drying and pyrolysis) to fit the technical requirements for the metallurgical processes (sinter plant, coke oven and blast furnace). Four scenarios of using biomass in the blast furnace or at the sinter plant were selected.To evaluate their environmental performances, we produced a comparative life cycle assessment, using a cradle-to-gate approach.An original feature of our study lies in the use of systems modeling for the determination of the life cycle inventories of the main processes, which were modeled using a flowsheeting software. From these models, particularly the model of the blast furnace, we could evaluate the replacement ratio of three biomass types (charcoal lumps, charcoal fines and torrefied wood fines) for the coke and predict the influence of biomass injection in the blast furnace on its operation.The results of the life cycle assessment show that the injection of pulverized, torrefied or carbonized, wood through the tuyeres of the blast furnace would be an attracting solution from an environmental point of view. It would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15%, as well as mitigate the impacts on human health and ecosystems. Yet, the costs associated to such a solution are currently too high. Les émissions élevées de CO2 de la filière industrielle de fabrication des tuyaux en fonte résultent pour l’essentiel de l’emploi massif de carbone fossile, charbon et coke, comme combustible et agent réducteur dans les procédés. Substituer du carbone issu de biomasse au carbone fossile en vue de réduire ces émissions de CO2, avec application au cas d’une usine lorraine, a été l’idée de départ de ce travail.Différents types de biomasse ont été envisagés. Le bois et la paille seraient localement disponibles en quantité suffisante pour autoriser une substitution partielle de 20 % du coke. Cette biomasse doit cependant être traitée thermiquement (séchage et pyrolyse) avant de satisfaire les spécifications techniques imposées par les procédés métallurgiques (agglomération, cokerie, haut fourneau). Six scénarios d’usage de la biomasse au haut fourneau ou à l’agglomération ont été sélectionnés.Pour les évaluer sur la base de leur mérite environnemental, nous avons réalisé une analyse de cycle de vie comparative en suivant une approche du type berceau à la porte.Point original de notre étude, l’inventaire de cycle de vie est issu de modèles systémiques des principaux procédés, spécifiquement développés et intégrés à un logiciel de diagrammes de flux. Grâce à ces modèles et notamment celui du haut fourneau, on a pu déterminer les taux de remplacement du coke par trois types de biomasse (charbon de bois en blocs, charbon de bois pulvérisé, bois torréfié pulvérisé) et prédire les modifications de fonctionnement qu’entrainerait l’injection de biomasse.Les résultats de l’analyse de cycle de vie montrent que l’injection de bois, carbonisé ou torréfié, sous forme pulvérisée aux tuyères du haut fourneau serait une solution intéressante d’un point de vue environnemental : baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (-15 %) et des impacts sur la santé humaine et sur les écosystèmes. A l’heure actuelle cependant, le coût économique d’une telle solution demeure excessif.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2018 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Jutteau, Paul;Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Auswirkungen der Energiegewinnung durch Biogas auf die Landwirtschaft und die ländlichen Räume anhand einer vergleichenden Studie in vier deutschen Untersuchungsgebieten zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden die Konzepte der landwirtschaftlichen Multifunktionalität und des territorial capital in Verbindung mit der multi-level perspective auf den soziotechnischen Wandel verwendet. Dabei wurde zunächst der Trend zu einer Hybridisierung dieses Wandels herausgearbeitet. Biogas kann die produktivistischen Praktiken der Betriebe verstärken, aber auchabschwächen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungspfade gleichzeitig in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben ablaufen können. Darüber hinaus belegt diese Arbeit, dass die Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung und auch die Art von Investoren (industrielle oder finanzielle Firmen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebsarten) ebenso wie die lokalen Merkmale (Peripherisierungsprozesse bzw. Bevölkerungsrückgang im ländlichen Raum, Formen des territorialen Erbes— „héritage territorial― — oder eine besondere lokale Geschichte in Bezug auf das Thema Energie) diese ambivalenten Entwicklungspfade beeinflussen können, sobald die Akteure die betreffenden Merkmaleund Ressourcen nutzen. Deshalb kann es zur Entstehung von umweltbezogenen sozialen Ungleichheiten kommen. ; This research aims at investigating the connections between energy transitions and agricultural transformations through a comparative research focused on four case studies in Germany. The starting point of this inquiry was the ambivalence of these changes. On the one hand, biogas generation tends to reinforce the socio-economic integration of farms intoagro-industrial value chains. On the other hand, this activity could also strengthen the connections with local stakeholders, for example through the implementation of localised heating networks in neighbouring villages or cities. The first aim of this research is to depict these ambivalent agricultural changes, to identify and evaluate ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2018 FranceAuthors: Pirard, R.;handle: 10568/95133
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2019 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Hadj Kacem, Yosra;The research conducted in this thesis was achieved in the context of vegetal biomass valorization. It aims to develop a new family of aliphatic oligoesters from biobased monomers and incorporating into their structure sulfonated groups. This choice is justified by the following three considerations. (i) This is a contribution to the valorization of vegetal biomass. (ii) The presence of sulfonated units in the structure of this type of polymers gives them specific physicochemical properties favoring their use in various industrial sectors. (iii) These oligoesters can be subsequently used for the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) networks and ionic liquid-based composites with potentially interesting thermomechanical properties and a great tendency towards hydrolytic degradation. ; La transformation de la biomasse végétale en composés simples pouvant servir comme monomères pour l’élaboration de nouveaux matériaux polymères susceptibles de se substituer à leurs homologues d’origine pétrochimique a été l’un des thèmes de recherche développés au cours des deux dernières décennies. c’est dans ce vaste contexte que s’inscrivent les travaux rapportés dans ce mémoire dont l’objectif était d’élaborer une nouvelle famille d’oligoesters aliphatiques en partant de monomères biosourcés et en intégrant dans leur structure des groupes sulfonés. Cette orientation est justifié par les trois considérations suivantes (i) cela constitue une contribution à la valorisation de la biomasse végétale (ii) la présence des unités sulfonés dans leur structure leur confère des propriétés physico-chimiques particulières favorisant leur utilisation dans divers secteurs industriels. (iii) Ces oligoesters peuvent être par la suite utilisés pour la préparation des composites à base de réseaux de poly (ester-uréthane) et de liquide ionique ayant des propriétés thermomécaniques potentiellement intéressantes et une grande tendance à la dégradation hydrolytique.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2004 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Cros, Sylvain;The properties of incident shortwave solar radiation are an essential knowledge in several fields. Global irradiation at ground level can be estimated by processing images taken by geostationnary meteorological satellites in visible channel. Results are more accurate than those provided by a spatial interpolation of ground stations measurements. However, in spite of the satellite data availability for more than 25 years, long term time series of global irradiation offering a world wide coverage and a high spatial resolution do not currently exist. Moreover, satellite-based assessment methods cannot accurately estimate direct and diffuse components, and spectral distribution of solar radiation. There is thus a non-satisfied part of solar data user requirements. In this context, we propose an operational processing of time series of Meteosat images using the solar radiation assessment method called Heliosat II. We disseminate the results by developing an information system called HelioClim-1. This system delivers on-line global irradiation data over Europe, Africa and Atlantic Ocean from 1985 to 2004. We assess the quality of these data and analyse their uncertainties by comparing them with ground measurements. We ensure a temporal continuity of this system by participating on the design of a new method (Heliosat III) benefiting of the Meteosat Second Generation enhanced capabilities and by preparing the specifications of a new information system containing Heliosat III results. This work improve the quality and the accessibility of solar radiation information at ground level by using current satellite tools and new technologies of information and communication. It opens the way to a world-wide coverage of solar radiation information with a good quality and a convenient access. Les caractéristiques du rayonnement solaire incident en ondes courtes sont une connaissance essentielle pour un nombre croissant de domaines. Il existe des méthodes permettant d'estimer l'irradiation globale au sol à partir des images du spectre visible des satellites météorologiques géostationnaires, de manière plus efficace que l'interpolation spatiale de mesures en stations météorologiques. Cependant, malgré la disponibilité des images satellitales depuis plus de 25 ans, il n'existe pas actuellement de séries temporelles de l'irradiation globale à échelle mondiale avec une haute résolution spatiale sur une longue période. De plus, les méthodes satellitales ne permettent pas d'estimer avec précision les composantes directe et diffuse ainsi que la distribution spectrale du rayonnement solaire. Il existe donc une part non satisfaite des besoins des utilisateurs de données solaires au sol. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un traitement opérationnel d'une série temporelle d'images Meteosat avec la méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol Heliosat II. Nous diffusons les résultats de ce traitement en contribuant au développement d'un système d'information, appelée HelioClim-1, permettant d'obtenir, au travers d'Internet, l'irradiation globale pour l'Europe, l'Afrique et l'océan Atlantique de 1985 à 2004. Nous avons évalué la qualité des données contenues dans HelioClim-1 et analysé les erreurs par comparaisons avec des mesures acquises en stations météorologiques. Nous avons créé une continuité temporelle de ce système en participant à l'élaboration d'une méthode d'estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol (Heliosat III) bénéficiant des capacités améliorées de Meteosat Second Generation et en préparant les spécifications d'un nouveau système d'information contenant les résultats de cette nouvelle méthode. Ces travaux ont apporté une amélioration à la qualité et l'accessibilité de l'information du rayonnement solaire au sol en utilisant les outils d'estimation satellitale existants et les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication. Ils ouvrent la voie à un accès à une information de qualité sur le rayonnement solaire pour l'ensemble de la surface terrestre.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2004add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2004Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2004add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010Publisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Abdallah, Rami;Chipping wood of second quality is a rapidly growing process because of the increasing use of the biomass in energy production field. The utilization of wood chips as a combustible, make it easier to automate the wood boilers function. Few studies were carried out in order to understand the mechanism of the chip formation and the evolution of cutting force during the chipping operation. In this thesis, we focused our analysis on the disc chipper. A test bench of real dimensions was built up in order to be able to vary many parameters such as cutting and feeding speed, cutting angles, feeding direction, anvil height, cutting directions, knives number and their height.Experimental study showed that chip size grows when the feeding tooth, the cutting angle and the sharpness angle increase, whereas it decreases when the cutting speed increases. The process of the chip formation is composed of two mechanisms that are shear and cracks propagation. Measurement of cutting force and electric power consumption for a bandwidth up to 3 kHz bring important results to the chip size study. The chipping test bench allowed us to reveal the correlation or the independency between the parameters needed to optimize the chipping operation; Le broyage de bois de qualité secondaire est un processus en pleine expansion avec l'augmentation de l'utilisation de la biomasse pour la production d'énergie. La transformation du bois en plaquettes facilite l'automatisation des chaudières. Peu de recherches ont traité le mécanisme de la formation des plaquettes et des efforts de coupe durant cette opération. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le système de déchiquetage à disque. Un banc d'essais de taille réelle a été construit afin de permettre la variation de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la vitesse de coupe, la vitesse d?amenage, les angles de coupe, la direction d'amenage, la hauteur du contre-couteau, le mode de coupe, le nombre des couteaux et leur saillie.Les expérimentations ont montré que la taille des plaquettes augmente avec l'augmentation de l'avance par dent, l'angle de coupe réel et l'angle de taillant, et diminue avec l'augmentation de la vitesse de coupe. Le processus de la formation des plaquettes est composé de deux mécanismes, qui sont le cisaillement et la propagation de fissures. La mesure des efforts de coupe et de la puissance électrique consommée pour une bande passante pouvant atteindre 3 kHz complète ces données granulométriques. Grâce au banc d?essais de déchiquetage, nous avons pu montrer la corrélation ou l'indépendance de facteurs influents intervenant dans l'optimisation des conditions de coupe
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2010add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2010add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2009 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:FCT | LA 1FCT| LA 1Authors: Shili-Touzi, Inès;The introduction of a living cover crop during a cash crop growth cycle (relay intercropping) and its maintenance after the cash crop harvest may help to preserve biodiversity, increase soil organic matter content and carbon sequestration and provide other ecosystem services, such as increasing useful biotic interactions within the agroecosystem. We studied the impact of various approaches to managing a cover crop (red-fescue (Festuca rubra L.) or Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)) intercropped with a winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) during an annual scale in terms of light, water and nitrogen competition, using both modeling and experimental approaches. Modelling and experimental results showing that the use of a leguminous as a cover crop in a wheat intercropping system can therefore improve environmental performances by favoring certain biotic processes such as the production of primary biomass, the interception of radiation, which might otherwise reach weeds, and nitrate leaching at the end of growth cycle. These positives effects where observed during intercropping period and especially after the harvest of wheat, when the cover crop is maintained alive. Whatever the experiment, soil tillage had a very little effect on these processes; Les systèmes de cultures sous couvert végétal permanent associé à une culture commerciale ont la réputation d'être susceptibles d'assurer certains services écologiques et agronomiques : étouffement des adventices, mais aussi protection du sol, augmentation de la biodiversité, de l'activité biologique et du taux de matière organique des sols, diminution de l'érosion. Si ces systèmes se sont bien développés en climat tropical, ils restent toutefois presque inexistants en climat tempéré. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer, par modélisation et expérimentation, les différentes interactions qui existent entre une culture de blé et une plante de couverture (fétuque rouge (Festuca rubra L.) ou luzerne (Medicago sativa L.)) cultivées simultanément pour les différentes ressources du milieu (lumière, eau et azote) dans les conditions de climat tempéré. La période considérée comprend la période culturale (association) et la période d'interculture (couvert maintenu vivant après la récolte du blé). Les résultats de modélisation et d'expérimentation montrent que l'introduction d'une plante de couverture en association avec un blé et son maintien en vie en période d'interculture peuvent améliorer les performances environnementales du système en favorisant certains processus biotiques comme par exemple la production de biomasse primaire, l'interception de rayonnement (qui agit directement sur le développement des adventices en réduisant la ressource en lumière arrivant au niveau du sol), et la réduction du stock d'azote susceptible d'être lessivé. Ces effets positifs sont observés en partie en période culturale mais surtout en période d'interculture
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2009Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2009add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2009Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2009add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Book 2017 FrancePublisher:International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Jalloh, Abdulai; Nelson, Gerald C.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Roy-Macauley, Harold;handle: 10568/82623
Cet ouvrage qui est le premier d’une trilogie de la série changement climatique en Afrique de l’IFPRI et intitulé L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive, examine la façon dont le changement climatique nuira à la sécurité alimentaire dans 11 des pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest, à savoir le Bénin, le Burkina Faso, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, la Guinée, le Libéria, le Niger, le Nigeria, le Sénégal, la Sierra Leone et le Togo et explore la manière dont le changement climatique va exiger des efforts accrus pour parvenir à une sécurité alimentaire durable dans toute la région. La population ouest-africaine devrait croître au moins jusqu’à la moitié du siècle. La région verra également une augmentation de ses revenus. Ces deux facteurs ne feront qu’accentuer la pression sur les ressources naturelles nécessaires pour produire de la nourriture, alors que s’amoncèlent les défis liés au changement climatique. L’Afrique de l’Ouest connaît déjà la hausse des températures, des régimes pluviométriques variables et des événements extrêmes de plus en plus fréquents. Par conséquent si des mesures idoines d’adaptations ne sont pas prises, ce sont les pauvres qui en paieront le plus lourd tribut. A l’aide de centaines de cartes de scénarios, de modèles, de figures et d’analyses détaillées, les rédacteurs et contributeurs à L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive présentent des scénarios futurs plausibles qui combinent des caractéristiques économiques et biophysiques pour explorer les conséquences possibles pour l’agriculture, la sécurité alimentaire et la gestion des ressources à l’horizon 2050. Ils formulent également des recommandations aux gouvernements nationaux et aux organisations économiques régionales qui s’intéressent déjà aux vulnérabilités au changement climatique et aux écarts dans l’environnement. Les décideurs et chercheurs trouveront en L’Agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse Exhaustive un précieux outil ...
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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