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    Authors: TADAKI, Yoshiya; HIRANO, Ayako; SAN-NABE, Hideki; KAWAGUCHI, Junko; +2 Authors

    農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

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    博士(理学) 日本大学

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    Authors: Kato, Tomohisa; Kiminami, Lily Y.;

    In the remote regions of China, the development of renewable energy is advancing in compliance with the Renewable Energy Law, and the Renewable Energy Development Plan in the rural area has been enacted as one of the means to solve three agriculture problems. In this research, the situation and problems about the introduction of the biogas generating system using animal waste in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are clarified. It also comes up with some policy proposals for the development of the biogas generating system in rural China. 近年、世界的にバイオマス(生物資源)の利活用が注目されている。その背景には地球規模の環境・資源・エネルギー問題があり、各国において持続可能な経済発展への転換が求められている。中国では、三農問題解決の一つの手段として再生可能エネルギー法や農村地域の再生可能エネルギー発展計画を制定し、辺境地域の再生可能エネルギー開発を進められている。本研究では、バイオマスのエネルギー転換を進めている中国・新疆ウイグル自治区を対象として、家畜糞尿利用バイオガスシステムの導入の現状を把握し、その展開方向や問題点を明らかにする。

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    This report introduces the recycling class undertaken in Oki town. Recycling class here is a social studies class of elementary school fourth graders in which the significance of recycling-oriented society, waste sorting, Oki town's recycling activities, etc., are taught. The recycling class was undertaken as one of continual environmental education through searching for a method of collaboration between the town' Environmental Department and the board of education. Furthermore, from the perspective of service learing, the educational significance of recycling class was also studied.

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    Authors: Lu, Yong; Asato, Isao; Zhou, Genmiao;

    本研究は、長江上・中流域に植栽されたタイワンアカマツ(馬尾松)水土保全林120箇所を対象に、林冠層や下層の枝葉及び枯死枝葉バイオマス等の関係を調査し、適切な林分密度管理基準を検討したものである。林冠層における枝葉のバイオマスは、林冠密度との関連で表すことができ、林冠密度が0.68の時最大となる。林冠層と下層植生のバイオマスの関連については、下層灌木は林冠密度が0.67で最大となり、下層草本も0.67の時に最大となる。枯損量については、林冠密度0.67-0.70で植生合計量が最大となり、枯損量もそのとき最大に達する。これらのことから、水土保全林としてのタイワンアカマツ林の適正樹冠密度は0.66-0.70の範囲にあって、最適値は平均0.68である。なお、林冠密度は平均胸高直径とha当たり立木本数によって推定できる。表2に水土保全林としてのタイワンアカマツ林分の密度管理基準を示した。 This study deals on the Density Management of Pinus massoniana soil preserving stands in the Yangzi river areabetween stand branches and leaves biomass as well as undergrowth dead branches and leaves biomass. The result plotted thedensity table and showed the best density at 0.68.

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    In Indonesia, in 2000 around 67% of domestic GHG emissions derives from Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). It is important to evaluate quantitatively mitigation potentials and to specify countermeasures with large mitigation potentials. Using the AFOLU Bottom-up Model, we estimated GHG emissions and mitigation in AFOLU sectors based on a future scenario, harvested area of crops, number of livestock and land use change. Based on the analysis, in 2030 we found that GHG emissions in AFOLU sectors are expected to increase by 2.5 times at the 2000 level in the BaU case. 75% of emission in 2030 derives from peat land drainage. Under 10USD/tCO2eq of allowable abatement costs, 33MtCO2eq/year of GHG emissions can be reduced in agriculture, which corresponds approximately to 46% of agricultural emissions in 2000. Midseason drainage in rice paddies, fall incorporation of rice straw and high efficiency fertilizer application are expected to reduce around 11MtCO2eq/year. For the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sectors, enhanced natural regeneration, reforestation and avoid deforestation will be the most cost-effective countermeasures considering cumulative mitigation potentials up to 2050. インドネシアでは, 国内温室効果ガス(GHG)排出量の約67%が農業・森林・土地利用変化(AFOLU)に由来している. 排出削減効果の定量的な評価および高い削減効果をもつ対策の特定は重要である. 我々は, AFOLU排出削減評価モデル(AFOLUB)を開発したが, これを用いAFOLU部門におけるGHG排出緩和のための具体策を提示した. GHG排出量を推計した結果, 2030年において対策を実施しない場合AFOLU部門に由来する排出量は2000年比2.5倍の1.7GtCO2eqになることが示された. その75%は泥炭地の排水・酸化による. また, 2030年, GHG排出削減のための追加的許容費用10USD/tCO2eq下において農畜産業部門では2000年排出量比45%に相当する33MtCO2eq/年の削減が見込まれ, うち11MtCO2eq/年は水田での水管理および農閑期の稲わらのすき込みによる効果であった. 一方, 森林・土地利用変化部門については10億USD(2005~2050年)の資金制約下において, 長期的な視点での対策策定を行えば, 自然回復の強化, 再植林, 森林伐採の減少により, 2050年まで平均して約829MtCO2eq/年の削減効果が示された. これは2000年時点のLULUCF部門の排出量の1.2倍, エネルギー部門の排出量の約2.6倍に相当する. 地球環境研究論文集 第20巻

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    Authors: Kida, Kenji;

    Waste biomass of about 300 million ton is being discharged every year in Japan, and in addition, the emission quantity of CO2 has to be reduced for global warming prevention. In order to solve these problems, we studied about the recovery of biogas from waste biomass by methane fermentation, and by our technologies, a biomass-town had been constructed on Okimachi in Fukuoka Prefecture. We also focused our study on the production of bio-fuel ethanol from various biomass such as garbage, resource crops and cellulosic biomass (bamboo, corn stover), corporating with Sojo University and Peking University. Based on these achievements of ethanol production, the construction of a resource recycling-oriented city in Minamata area is being considered. Moreover, we aim to develop a zero emission process for the production of ethanol from agricultural waste straw and make it industrialize in China as well as other Asia countries.

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    Ecological traits of five Zostera marina populations in and around Hiroshima Bay were investigated in a luxuriant season of 2004. Study sites were located at the most inner (Ajina; St.1), center (O-kurokami-jima; St. 2) and near the mouth area (northern coast of Yahiro-jima; St. 3) of Hiroshima Bay, and at the inner area (Ihono-sho; St. 4) and the outside (Heigun-jima; St.5) of Yanai Bay which is the strait adjacent to Hiroshima Bay. The distribution depth (C.D.L.) was different among the populations. The lower depth of Zostera distribution was limited to 1-2 m at St.1 and 2 by algal-mat of Ulva spp. and other macroalgae, though it was 4-6 m at St. 3-5. Mean biomass was ranged in 120-180g DWm-2, but shoot size and density was different among the populations. Mean density ranged between 88-278 shoots m-2, and the populations at St.3 and 5 exhibited higher densities with smaller shoots especially in shallow stands of the two population. These stands also exhibited higher proportion of below-ground biomass to total biomass. On the contrary, populations in inner areas (St. 1 and 4) exhibited lower density with larger shoots. Physical conditions such as water motion induced by waves were different among the habitats which were shown in grain size compositions of the sediments, and this could affect the ecological traits of each Z. marina population. 広島湾および周辺海域の5カ所の生育地のアマモZostera marinaの生態的特性を2004年の繁茂期に調査した。調査場所は広島湾奥部の阿品(St.1),同湾央部の大黒神島(St.2),同湾口部の屋代島(St.3),柳井湾奥部の伊保庄(St.4),および同湾外部に位置する平郡島(St.5)である。アマモの分布水深は生育地により異なり,St.1,St.2では海底でのアオサ類等の堆積により,分布下限水深は1-2m(C.D.L. 基準)までである一方,他の生育地では4-6mまで分布した。アマモの平均現存量は120-180g DWm-2の範囲にあったが,アマモの株のサイズと密度は生育地により異なっていた。平均株密度は生育地により88-278 shoots m-2の範囲であり,St.3およびSt.5では特に浅所で小型の株が密生した。これらの群落では,総現存量に占める地下部現存量の割合が相対的に大きかった。一方,湾奥部に位置するSt.1とSt.4では,アマモの株は大型である一方生育密度は低かった。群落内の底質の粒度組成の相違から,波浪流動等の物理的環境が生育地間で異なることが示唆され,それぞれの場所のアマモの生態的特性はその影響を受けていると考えられた。 本調査は,水産庁委託「生物多様性に配慮したアマモ場造成技術開発調査事業」(平成16~18年度)の一環として実施されたものである。

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    Authors: TADAKI, Yoshiya; HIRANO, Ayako; SAN-NABE, Hideki; KAWAGUCHI, Junko; +2 Authors

    農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

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    博士(理学) 日本大学

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    Authors: Kato, Tomohisa; Kiminami, Lily Y.;

    In the remote regions of China, the development of renewable energy is advancing in compliance with the Renewable Energy Law, and the Renewable Energy Development Plan in the rural area has been enacted as one of the means to solve three agriculture problems. In this research, the situation and problems about the introduction of the biogas generating system using animal waste in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are clarified. It also comes up with some policy proposals for the development of the biogas generating system in rural China. 近年、世界的にバイオマス(生物資源)の利活用が注目されている。その背景には地球規模の環境・資源・エネルギー問題があり、各国において持続可能な経済発展への転換が求められている。中国では、三農問題解決の一つの手段として再生可能エネルギー法や農村地域の再生可能エネルギー発展計画を制定し、辺境地域の再生可能エネルギー開発を進められている。本研究では、バイオマスのエネルギー転換を進めている中国・新疆ウイグル自治区を対象として、家畜糞尿利用バイオガスシステムの導入の現状を把握し、その展開方向や問題点を明らかにする。

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    This report introduces the recycling class undertaken in Oki town. Recycling class here is a social studies class of elementary school fourth graders in which the significance of recycling-oriented society, waste sorting, Oki town's recycling activities, etc., are taught. The recycling class was undertaken as one of continual environmental education through searching for a method of collaboration between the town' Environmental Department and the board of education. Furthermore, from the perspective of service learing, the educational significance of recycling class was also studied.

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    Authors: Lu, Yong; Asato, Isao; Zhou, Genmiao;

    本研究は、長江上・中流域に植栽されたタイワンアカマツ(馬尾松)水土保全林120箇所を対象に、林冠層や下層の枝葉及び枯死枝葉バイオマス等の関係を調査し、適切な林分密度管理基準を検討したものである。林冠層における枝葉のバイオマスは、林冠密度との関連で表すことができ、林冠密度が0.68の時最大となる。林冠層と下層植生のバイオマスの関連については、下層灌木は林冠密度が0.67で最大となり、下層草本も0.67の時に最大となる。枯損量については、林冠密度0.67-0.70で植生合計量が最大となり、枯損量もそのとき最大に達する。これらのことから、水土保全林としてのタイワンアカマツ林の適正樹冠密度は0.66-0.70の範囲にあって、最適値は平均0.68である。なお、林冠密度は平均胸高直径とha当たり立木本数によって推定できる。表2に水土保全林としてのタイワンアカマツ林分の密度管理基準を示した。 This study deals on the Density Management of Pinus massoniana soil preserving stands in the Yangzi river areabetween stand branches and leaves biomass as well as undergrowth dead branches and leaves biomass. The result plotted thedensity table and showed the best density at 0.68.

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    In Indonesia, in 2000 around 67% of domestic GHG emissions derives from Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). It is important to evaluate quantitatively mitigation potentials and to specify countermeasures with large mitigation potentials. Using the AFOLU Bottom-up Model, we estimated GHG emissions and mitigation in AFOLU sectors based on a future scenario, harvested area of crops, number of livestock and land use change. Based on the analysis, in 2030 we found that GHG emissions in AFOLU sectors are expected to increase by 2.5 times at the 2000 level in the BaU case. 75% of emission in 2030 derives from peat land drainage. Under 10USD/tCO2eq of allowable abatement costs, 33MtCO2eq/year of GHG emissions can be reduced in agriculture, which corresponds approximately to 46% of agricultural emissions in 2000. Midseason drainage in rice paddies, fall incorporation of rice straw and high efficiency fertilizer application are expected to reduce around 11MtCO2eq/year. For the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sectors, enhanced natural regeneration, reforestation and avoid deforestation will be the most cost-effective countermeasures considering cumulative mitigation potentials up to 2050. インドネシアでは, 国内温室効果ガス(GHG)排出量の約67%が農業・森林・土地利用変化(AFOLU)に由来している. 排出削減効果の定量的な評価および高い削減効果をもつ対策の特定は重要である. 我々は, AFOLU排出削減評価モデル(AFOLUB)を開発したが, これを用いAFOLU部門におけるGHG排出緩和のための具体策を提示した. GHG排出量を推計した結果, 2030年において対策を実施しない場合AFOLU部門に由来する排出量は2000年比2.5倍の1.7GtCO2eqになることが示された. その75%は泥炭地の排水・酸化による. また, 2030年, GHG排出削減のための追加的許容費用10USD/tCO2eq下において農畜産業部門では2000年排出量比45%に相当する33MtCO2eq/年の削減が見込まれ, うち11MtCO2eq/年は水田での水管理および農閑期の稲わらのすき込みによる効果であった. 一方, 森林・土地利用変化部門については10億USD(2005~2050年)の資金制約下において, 長期的な視点での対策策定を行えば, 自然回復の強化, 再植林, 森林伐採の減少により, 2050年まで平均して約829MtCO2eq/年の削減効果が示された. これは2000年時点のLULUCF部門の排出量の1.2倍, エネルギー部門の排出量の約2.6倍に相当する. 地球環境研究論文集 第20巻

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    Authors: Kida, Kenji;

    Waste biomass of about 300 million ton is being discharged every year in Japan, and in addition, the emission quantity of CO2 has to be reduced for global warming prevention. In order to solve these problems, we studied about the recovery of biogas from waste biomass by methane fermentation, and by our technologies, a biomass-town had been constructed on Okimachi in Fukuoka Prefecture. We also focused our study on the production of bio-fuel ethanol from various biomass such as garbage, resource crops and cellulosic biomass (bamboo, corn stover), corporating with Sojo University and Peking University. Based on these achievements of ethanol production, the construction of a resource recycling-oriented city in Minamata area is being considered. Moreover, we aim to develop a zero emission process for the production of ethanol from agricultural waste straw and make it industrialize in China as well as other Asia countries.

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    Ecological traits of five Zostera marina populations in and around Hiroshima Bay were investigated in a luxuriant season of 2004. Study sites were located at the most inner (Ajina; St.1), center (O-kurokami-jima; St. 2) and near the mouth area (northern coast of Yahiro-jima; St. 3) of Hiroshima Bay, and at the inner area (Ihono-sho; St. 4) and the outside (Heigun-jima; St.5) of Yanai Bay which is the strait adjacent to Hiroshima Bay. The distribution depth (C.D.L.) was different among the populations. The lower depth of Zostera distribution was limited to 1-2 m at St.1 and 2 by algal-mat of Ulva spp. and other macroalgae, though it was 4-6 m at St. 3-5. Mean biomass was ranged in 120-180g DWm-2, but shoot size and density was different among the populations. Mean density ranged between 88-278 shoots m-2, and the populations at St.3 and 5 exhibited higher densities with smaller shoots especially in shallow stands of the two population. These stands also exhibited higher proportion of below-ground biomass to total biomass. On the contrary, populations in inner areas (St. 1 and 4) exhibited lower density with larger shoots. Physical conditions such as water motion induced by waves were different among the habitats which were shown in grain size compositions of the sediments, and this could affect the ecological traits of each Z. marina population. 広島湾および周辺海域の5カ所の生育地のアマモZostera marinaの生態的特性を2004年の繁茂期に調査した。調査場所は広島湾奥部の阿品(St.1),同湾央部の大黒神島(St.2),同湾口部の屋代島(St.3),柳井湾奥部の伊保庄(St.4),および同湾外部に位置する平郡島(St.5)である。アマモの分布水深は生育地により異なり,St.1,St.2では海底でのアオサ類等の堆積により,分布下限水深は1-2m(C.D.L. 基準)までである一方,他の生育地では4-6mまで分布した。アマモの平均現存量は120-180g DWm-2の範囲にあったが,アマモの株のサイズと密度は生育地により異なっていた。平均株密度は生育地により88-278 shoots m-2の範囲であり,St.3およびSt.5では特に浅所で小型の株が密生した。これらの群落では,総現存量に占める地下部現存量の割合が相対的に大きかった。一方,湾奥部に位置するSt.1とSt.4では,アマモの株は大型である一方生育密度は低かった。群落内の底質の粒度組成の相違から,波浪流動等の物理的環境が生育地間で異なることが示唆され,それぞれの場所のアマモの生態的特性はその影響を受けていると考えられた。 本調査は,水産庁委託「生物多様性に配慮したアマモ場造成技術開発調査事業」(平成16~18年度)の一環として実施されたものである。

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