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0.5 g/L and 1.0 g/L. We took notes of daily water usage and statistically processed the data with a computer, using Microsoft Excel 2010, where we tried to figure out the differences by analysis of variance (ANOVA). With the computer program SPSS 17.0, we used t-test for determination of difference characteristics and Pearson's correlation coefficient for analysis of connectedness. We calculated the level of normalized relative transpiration (the NRT) from absolute water consumption. At the end of the experiment, we measured height, thickness of the shoots and counted the number of shoots and made a graphic comparison between them. The results: The clone V160 used most of water with all concentrations of NaCl. In clone V093, NRT was the highest with the NaCl concentration of 1.0 g/L, in clone V160 at concentration 0,2 and 0.5 g/L, and in clone V052 at concentration 0.5 g/L. In clone V052, at NaCl concentration of 0.2 g/L, NRT was less than 100% from the beginning of the experiment. Discussion and conclusion: In our experiment, NaCl did not pile up in the ground to such extent that it would slow down the transpiration and affect the growth of willow trees. Based on the obtained results, we can expect that in S. alba clones V093, V160 and V052 it would not come to effects of NaCl on the efficiency of treatment of urban wastewater in real ETS at a concentration of NaCl up to 1.0 g/L in 1 vegetative period. We assume that the results in real ETS could differ from ours, because we did not use wastewater that could boost the uptake of water and speed up the accumulation of NaCl. In addition, it would make sense to monitor the response of willow trees and the interaction of various factors on the growth of willow trees during more vegetative periods. 0,5 g/L in 1,0 g/L. Beležili smo dnevno porabo vode in podatke statistično obdelali z računalniškim programom Microsoft Excel 2010, kjer smo razlike ugotavljali z analizo variance (ANOVA). Z računalniškim programom SPSS Statistics 17.0 smo za ugotavljanje značilnosti razlik uporabili t-test in za analizo povezanosti Pearsonov korelacijski koeficient. Iz absolutne porabe vode smo izračunali stopnjo normalizirane relativne transpiracije (NRT). Na koncu poskusa smo izmerili višino, debelino poganjkov, prešteli število poganjkov in naredili grafično primerjavo med njimi. Rezultati: Klon V160 je pri vseh koncentracijah NaCl porabil največ vode. Pri klonu V093 je bila največja NRT pri koncentraciji NaCl 1,0 g/L, pri klonu V160 pri koncentraciji 0,2 in 0,5 g/L in pri klonu V052 pri koncentraciji 0,5 g/L. Pri klonu V052 je bila NRT pri koncentraciji NaCl 0,2 g/L od začetka poskusa nižja od 100 %. Razprava in sklep: V našem poskusu se NaCl ni nakopičil v zemljo do te mere, da bi zaviral transpiracijo in vplival na rast vrb. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov lahko pričakujemo, da pri klonih vrbe S. alba V093, V160 in V052 ne bi prišlo do vplivov NaCl na učinkovitost obdelave odpadne komunalne vode v realnem ETS pri koncentraciji NaCl do 1,0 g/L v 1 vegetacijski dobi. Predvidevamo, da bi se lahko rezultati v realnih ETS razlikovali od naših, saj nismo uporabili odpadne komunalne vode, ki bi lahko povečala privzem vode in pospešila kopičenje NaCl. Poleg tega bi bilo smiselno spremljati odziv vrb in medsebojno delovanje različnih dejavnikov na rast vrb več vegetacijskih dob. Introduction: Evapotranspiration systems (ETS) are among the cleaning plants for treatment and disposal of municipal wastewater, where all wastewater is used to grow plants such as willows. In the ETS, the concentration of salt (NaCl) eventually increases, which has an impact on the efficiency of wastewater treatment and the growth of willow trees. Purpose: With the help of pot experiment, we wanted to determine the impact of different concentrations of NaCl on growth and evapotranspiration of willows in the ETS and compare responses of salinity of 3 different clones of willow trees. Working methods: The pot experiment took place in the greenhouse on 3 clones of White Willow (Salix alba) in the 5 test portions and control batch without NaCl (a total of 90 samples). We tested the following concentrations of NaCl: 0.1 g/L Uvod: Evapotranspiracijski sistemi (ETS) sodijo med čistilne naprave za obdelavo in odstranjevanje komunalnih odpadnih voda, kjer se vsa odpadna voda porabi za rast rastlin, kot so vrbe. V ETS se sčasoma povečajo koncentracije soli (NaCl), kar vpliva na učinkovitost obdelave odpadne vode in rast vrb. Namen: S pomočjo lončnega poskusa smo želeli ugotoviti vpliv različnih koncentracij NaCl na rast in evapotranspiracijo vrb v ETS in primerjati odzive na slanost 3 različnih klonov vrb. Metode dela: Lončni poskus je potekal v rastlinjaku na 3 klonih bele vrbe (Salix alba) v 5 paralelkah in kontrolno serijo brez NaCl (skupaj 90 vzorcev). Testirali smo naslednje koncentracije NaCl: 0,1 g/L 0,2 g/L 0.2 g/L

Bioeconomy in the European Union was considered a long-term vision leading to increased competitiveness, better use of resources and reduction of carbon footprint already since 2005. Bioeconomy remains one of the key strategies by European countries in the immediate as well as more distant future. The European Commission developed the guidelines, which were followed by instruments enabling the implementation of action plans and strategies. In some European countries, among them Germany and the Netherland as the leading ones, such systems are already deeply rooted in their economic reforms. This includes circular economy, use of biomass, principle of added value cascade and biorefineries. There are opportunities in the field of the processing industry, different fields of biomass production and processing such as agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, food and wood processing, as well as general biobased industry. The aim of this research was to assess the bioeconomy opportunities and factors influencing bioeconomy. Our study was conducted by in-depth semi-structured interviews with several shareholders from industry, research institutions, policy makers and clusters in Slovenia. Surprisingly, we have observed, that in Slovenia, there is practically no strategy focusing on the transition towards bioeconomy, but only few short-term examples of good practice in this field. Although a number of research projects have been conducted in this sector, and considering very low availability of investments in this field, an underdeveloped market and low awareness-level, there are only few biobased products avaiable on the Slovene market. The potential of clustering has thus become been underexploited. Leta 2005 se je v Evropski uniji govorilo o biogospodarstvu kot dolgoročni viziji, ki bo omogočila dvig konkurenčnosti, boljše izkoriščanje virov in zmanjšanje ogljičnega odtisa. Biogospodarstvo bo ena izmed ključnih usmeritev evropskih držav v bližnji in daljni prihodnosti. Smernice razvoja je začrtala tudi Evropska komisija, temu pa sledijo podporni inštrumenti, ki omogočajo vpeljavo akcijskih načrtov in strategij. Nekatere evropske države, med njimi vodilna Nemčija in Nizozemska, imajo tovrstni sistem že močno zakoreninjen v gospodarskih reformah, vse od krožnega gospodarstva, uporabe biomase, principa kaskade dodajanja vrednosti in vpeljave biorafinerij za nove produkte. Priložnosti so tako na vseh področjih, od kmetijstva, lesne in lesnopredelovalne industrije do ribištva in bioosnovane industrije. Namen raziskovalne naloge je bil preveriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na razvoj biogospodarstva v Sloveniji. Raziskavo sem izvedel s poglobljenimi polstrukturiranimi intervjuji z več predstavniki iz industrije in raziskovalnih ustanov ter s kreatorji politik (državnih ustanov) in grozdov. Izkazalo se je, da v slovenskem prostoru nimamo strategije, namenjene prehodu v biogospodarstvo, in tako prihaja zgolj do kratkotrajnih primerov dobrih praks na tem področju. Zaradi nizkih industrijskih vlaganj, nerazvitega trga in nizke stopnje ozaveščenosti, tovrstnih produktov tudi še ni na tržišču kljub mnogim raziskavam, ki potekajo na tem področju. Potencial grozdenja pa ostaja neizkoriščen.

This master thesis discusses the development of a geographic information system for target energy use monitoring, whose goal it is to follow the use of energy which supervises the consumption and costs in public buildings. The solution should enable a clearer view into the consumption and costs of electric energy in public buildings and public lighting in selected Primorska municipalities, with the option of spatial presentation and spatial analysis. In the beginning of the analytic part of the master thesis, the analysis of energy consumption in public buildings in the areas of Nova Gorica, Brda and Tolmin municipalities was carried out. The research shows which buildings have increased or decreased the consumption of heating energy and the consumption of electrical energy per unit of useful area, based on the index of energy consumption between years 2011 and 2012. In the second part of the thesis, public lighting of the Šempeter-Vrtojba municipality and village Tolmin was analyzed. The results confirm that the majority of lamps in the Šempeter-Vrtojba municipality and in the village Tolmin are inadequate. The lamps do not correspond either to the Decree on limit values due to light pollution of environment (Official Gazette of RS, No. 81/07) nor to the statutory provision recommendations of engineers about the power and height of lamps and proper installation. With the data of revenues and investment expenses for public lighting a comparison of the amount of these revenues per person in Šempeter-Vrtojba and Tolmin municipality was made. V magistrskem delu je obravnavan razvoj zasnove geografskega informacijskega sistema za namen ciljnega spremljanja rabe energije, ki nadzira porabo in stroške energije javnih objektov. Rešitev naj bi omogočila preglednejši vpogled v porabo in stroške energije javnih stavb in javne razsvetljave v izbranih primorskih občinah, z možnostjo prostorskih prikazov in prostorskih analiz. V analitičnem delu je naprej izvedena analiza rabe energije javnih stavb na območju Mestne občine Nova Gorica, Občine Brda in Občine Tolmin. Rezultati analize so pokazali, pri katerih objektih je prišlo do povečanja oziroma zmanjšanja rabe toplotne in rabe električne energije na enoto uporabne površine, na podlagi indeksa rabe energije, med letoma 2011 in 2012. V drugem delu smo analizirali javno razsvetljavo v Občini Šempeter-Vrtojba in naselju Tolmin. Rezultati analize potrjujejo, da je večina svetilk v Občini Šempeter-Vrtojba in Tolminu neustreznih. Svetilke ne ustrezajo kriterijem Uredbe o mejnih vrednostih svetlobnega onesnaževanja okolja (UL RS, št. 81/07) in določilom priporočil projektantov, glede moči in višine svetilke ter ustreznosti namestitve. S pomočjo podatkov o tekočih odhodkih in investicijskih odhodkih za javno razsvetljavo je bila izvedena primerjava višine teh odhodkov na prebivalca v Občini Šempeter-Vrtojba in Občini Tolmin.

The thesis titled Calculation of the heat load of office buildings accordance with EN 12831 presents Pravilnik o učinkoviti rabi energije – PURES that define technical requirements for new in renewed buildings in the field of energy. There are also presented principles of energy facilities and the overview of energy use in buildings. The thesis also includes the description of procedure and calculation of thermal heat load according to the standard EN 12831 in order to check the heat loss of individual areas and the whole building, which is owned by Kostak, d. d. Based on the calculations the thesis includes information on the heat power and the cost of heating with electricity for both office buildings. Furthermore, it includes a description of extracting wood biomass, calculation of the calorific value of wood and overview of the heating cost using biomass. This work also provides a comparison between the costs of heating and CO2 emissions by using two different types of energy sources. The primary purpose is to present calculation of the amount of electricity required to heat two office buildings and to determine the relevance and adequacy of the quantity of floating debris obtained from the Sava river, for heating with biomass. Using the calculated thermal heat load of the building we acquire data of heat needs to determine the needs for heating. By calculating the calorific value of wood brought to the center, the data is collected, what helps to calculate the required quantity of wood for heating. The thesis also presents an approximate calculation of the reimbursement of investment in case of replacement of the heating system of the electrical energy with biomass. V diplomskem delu z naslovom Izračun toplotne obremenitve poslovne stavbe po standardu EN 12831 so predstavljeni Pravilnik o učinkoviti rabi energije – PURES, ki določa tehnične zahteve za nove in obnovljene stavbe na področju rabe energije, načela energetskih objektov in pregled rabe energije v stavbah. V nadaljevanju sta navedena opis postopka in izračun projektne toplotne obremenitve po standardu EN 12831 z namenom pregleda toplotnih izgub posameznih prostorov in celotne stavbe, ki sta v lasti podjetja Kostak d.d. Na podlagi dobljenih izračunov sta določena projektna toplotna moč in strošek ogrevanja na električno energijo za obe poslovni stavbi. Nadalje diplomsko delo zajema opis pridobivanja lesne biomase, izračun kurilne vrednosti lesa in pregled stroškov v primeru ogrevanja z lesno biomaso. Podana pa je tudi primerjava med stroški ogrevanja in izpusti CO2 v primeru ogrevanja dveh različnih vrst energentov. Osnovna namena diplomskega dela sta predstaviti izračuna potrebne električne energije za ogrevanje dveh poslovnih objektov, hkrati pa zagotoviti ustreznost in zadostno količino plavja, dobljenega iz reke Save, za potrebe ogrevanja z lesno biomaso. S pomočjo izračuna toplotne obremenitve stavbe so pridobljeni podatki potrebe po toploti za določanje potreb po ogrevanju. Z izračunom kurilnosti lesa, pripeljanega na center, pa so zbrani podatki za izračun potrebne količine lesa za ogrevanje. Diplomsko delo predstavlja tudi okviren izračun povrnitve stroškov investicije v primeru zamenjave sistema ogrevanja z električne energije na lesno biomaso.

In my graduation thesis I analysed the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in the national plans of different EU members and the possibility of executing nearly zeroenergy buildings in Slovenia. The study covers a Slovenian legislation summary relating to the energy efficiency of the buildings and a presentation of the Austrian, Belgian, British, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, German and Italian national plans that are listing requirements regarding the nearly zero-energy buildings. I chose countries which either have similar climate circumstances to Slovenia or have specific requirements in their national plans. I described different systems of renewable energy usage of biomass, geothermal energy, hydro energy, solar energy, environmental energy and wind energy. In addition, I examined the availability of renewable sources in Slovenia and their potential. Having analysed the examples of single-family houses on different locations in Slovenia by comparing different energy products for heating, cooling and production of hot water as well as usage of construction and physical characteristics, I verified the potential of complying with the requirements for nearly zero-energy buildings. In these examples I have proven that the share of renewable energy sources, required by the national plan, could be secured by using the biomass, geothermal energy, solar energy and environmental energy. At the end of my study, I presented the importance of building's location and the impact of different energy product types on the compliance with the requirements, defined in the national plan. The primary energy results are mainly influenced by the primary conversion factor, which depends on the energy product type and differs considerably across the chosen countries. V diplomski nalogi sem analizirala implementacijo direktive o energetski učinkovitosti stavb v akcijske načrte izbranih držav članic EU in možnost izvedbe skoraj nič-energijske stavbe v Sloveniji. Študija obsega povzetek slovenske zakonodaje na področju energetske učinkovitosti stavb in predstavitev akcijskih načrtov Avstrije, Belgije, Danske, Francije, Hrvaške, Italije, Nemčije, Nizozemske in Velike Britanije, v katerih so navedene zahteve za doseganje skoraj ničenergijskih stavb. Države so izbrane na podlagi klimatskih pogojev, ki so podobni kot v Sloveniji oziroma specifičnosti zahtev njihovih akcijskih načrtov. Opisani so različni sistemi rabe biomase, geotermalne energije, hidroenergije, sončne energije, energije okolja in vetrne energije. Proučila sem tudi razpoložljivost obnovljivih virov energije v Sloveniji in njihov potencial. Na primeru enostanovanjske hiše na različnih lokacijah v Sloveniji, sem z uporabo različnih energentov za ogrevanje, hlajenje in pripravo tople vode in različnimi gradbeno-fizikalnimi lastnostmi, preverila potencial izpolnjevanja zahtev za skoraj nič-energijske stavbe. V izvedenih primerih sem dokazala, da bi bilo mogoče delež obnovljivih virov energije, predpisan v akcijskem načrtu, zagotoviti z uporabo biomase, geotermalne energije, sončne energije in energije okolja. Na koncu študije je predstavljen pomen lokacije stavbe in vpliv vrste energentov za doseganje predpisanih zahtev v akcijskem načrtu. Na rezultate primarne energije ima največji vpliv faktor pretvorbe primarne energije, ki je odvisen od vrste energenta in se med izbranimi državami članicami močno razlikuje.

The article deals with the rehabilitation of the site of the fire in 2006 in the surroundings of Komen. The majority of the burned area is privately owned and the Gozdno gospodarstvo Postojna d.d. (Forest Management Postojna ltd.) has a concession in the state owned forests of the area. A rehabilitation plananticipating planting and sowing for the purpose of forest regeneration and removal of the excessive biomass was made. This demanding task was done bythe use of the modern technology of mechanized cutting and export of the roundwood and chipping debris and other biomass for wood chip production. The following mechanization was used: caterpillar and wheel harvester, two semi-trailer forwarders and a chipper on a forwarder. The transport of chips was performed by containers and appropriate autoloading trucks. Prispevek obravnava sanacijo požarišča iz leta 2006 v okolici Komna. Večina pogorele površine je v zasebni lasti, v državnih gozdovih pa je koncesionar Gozdno gospodarstvo Postojna d.d.. Narejen je bil sanacijski načrt, ki je predvideval sadnjo in setev zaradi obnove gozda ter odstranitev odvečne biomase. Ta zahtevna naloga je bila opravljena s sodobno tehnologijo strojne sečnje in izvozom okroglega lesa in sečnih ostankov ter druge biomase za izdelavo gozdnih lesnih sekancev. Uporabljena mehanizacija je bila: gosenični in kolesni stroj za sečnjo, dva zgibna polprikoličarja ter sekalnik na zgibnem polprikoličarju. Odvoz sekancev je potekal s kontejnerji in primernimi samonakladalnimi kamioni.