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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | SMARTHOUSE/SMARTGRIDEC| SMARTHOUSE/SMARTGRIDAuthors: Oliveira, Grégory de;This PhD focuses on the global energy management based on energetical flux models ofbuildings. The objective of the energy management system is to help the inhabitants to manage theirbuilding, by scheduling the consumption/production of the different appliances, taking into accountenergy costs, availability et inhabitants' preferences. The PhD objective is to propose a resolution approach with several solvers inspired by the multi agent systems.A multi-phasis service representing several phasis has been developped. Each phasis is defined by its own consumption level. This type of service presents a better precision than singlephasis approaches to model some appliances. A new optimization approach has been developped. Itcombines different solvers embedded into software agents. The results is an hybrid approach forthe optimization based on the multi-agent system, using MILP algorithms and meta-heuristics.; Cette thèse concerne à la gestion globale à base de modèle des flux énergétiques dans le bâtiment. L'objectif des systèmes de gestion de l'énergie proposés est d'aider les occupants à gérer leur système bâtiment en planifiant la consommation/production des différents équipements présents en fonction des tarifs, de la disponibilité de l'énergie et des usages de l'occupant. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de résolution multi-solveurs s'appuyant sur le paradigme multi-agent.Pour y parvenir, nous avons développé, dans un premier temps, un service multi-phase, qui représente plusieurs phases flexibles avec des niveaux de consommation différents, offrant un niveau de précision supérieure pour des équipements comme une machine à laver. Dans un second temps, notre travail a consisté à proposer une nouvelle approche d'optimisation combinant différents solveurs embarqués dans des agents logiciels. Le résultat est une approche d'optimisation hybride à base d'agents, s'appuyant sur des algorithmes PLNE et des méta-heuristiques.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Doctoral thesis 2015 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | DNICAST, EC | MACC II, EC | ENDORSE +1 projectsEC| DNICAST ,EC| MACC II ,EC| ENDORSE ,EC| MACCAuthors: Blanc, Philippe;L’objet de ce document est de proposer une synthèse ainsi que les perspectives de mes activités de recherche depuis 2007 à MINES ParisTech. Cette recherche est bien sûr le fruit d’un travail collectif mené par l’équipe dont j’ai actuellement la responsabilité. Mon apport scientifique dans ce groupe réside essentiellement dans l’aide à la formalisation mathématique des problèmes et à leurs résolutions au moyen d’algorithmes mettant en oeuvre le traitement d’image, du signal, l’analyse statistique ou, de manière générale, les mathématiques appliquées. J’y apporte également mes connaissances dans la mesure du rayonnement par des instruments de mesures in-situ acquises ces dernières années.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1994 United StatesPublisher:Wageningen, Netherlands: Université Agronomique de Wageningen, Département de la Foresterie Authors: de Boer, F.; Kessler, J. J.;Metadata only record This document presents an analysis of Fulani pastoral farming systems that focuses on how pastoralists use silvopastoral land. It aims to provide the missing knowledge needed to implement the resource management ('gestion des terroirs') approach at village level. In this region the influence of pastoral land use on the environment appears to be less pronounced than that of crop cultivation, even though levels of animal production are reasonable. The carrying capacity of the region has not yet been attained. Current constraints to pastoral land use in the region arise from the encroachment of cropland at the expense of pastoral land, and the increase in animal numbers. To develop sustainable natural resource management at village level that includes Fulani pastoral land use, the key factors appear to be the integration of livestock husbandry and cropland cultivation at household level, agreements between pastoralists and cropland farmers on land tenure and resource management, and support targeting of Fulani households (which have so far been neglected). Specific recommendations are given. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Université Pierre et Marie Curie Funded by:EC | MEECEEC| MEECEAuthors: Travers, Morgane;La surexploitation et le changement climatique affectent le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins, mais des incertitudes existent quant aux effets de leur action combinée. Par une approche de modélisation, ce travail de thèse vise à étudier comment les effets top-down de la pêche et les effets bottom-up du climat se combinent au sein du réseau trophique. Une synthèse bibliographique préliminaire a révélé l'absence d'un modèle end-to-end applicable en l'état à notre écosystème d'étude - le sud-Benguela - qui permettrait l'étude des effets conjoints de la pêche et du climat. Le couplage des modèles de plancton ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 et de poissons OSMOSE s'est alors imposé comme une méthode innovante permettant de développer un outil approprié à nos objectifs. L'importance d'un couplage à double sens via la prédation est illustrée par l'étude des variabilités spatiale et temporelle du terme de rétroaction, puis par la comparaison des dynamiques planctoniques et écosystémiques lorsqu'il y a rétroaction ou non. La simulation de scénarios climatique et halieutique montre que les effets combinés de la pêche et du climat sont généralement plus faibles que la somme de leurs effets individuels. Ce résultat reflète la forte résistance du système aux perturbations extérieures, induite par les relations trophiques nombreuses et variables entre les organismes. En accord avec les hypothèses de fonctionnement trophique basées sur l'intensité de la production primaire et la diversité des prédateurs, l'étude de la pyramide trophique montre que le contrôle bottom-up domine dans le sud-Benguela, i.e. que le climat affecte le fonctionnement trophique de cet écosystème plus fortement que de la pêche. Overfishing and climate change are now recognized to have important effects on marine ecosystem functioning but uncertainties remains about their combined effects. Using a modelling approach this thesis aims at assessing how the top-down effects of fishing and the bottom-up effects of climate combine themselves within the food web. A preliminary review highlighted the lack of end-to-end model applicable as it stands to our study case - the southern Benguela - and suitable to study the combined effects of fishing and climate. Coupling the plankton model ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 and the fish model OSMOSE appeared as an innovative method allowing to develop an appropriate tool meeting our objectives. The importance of two-way coupling via the predation process is first illustrated by the study of spatial and temporal variabilities of the feedback term, and then by the comparison of plankton and ecosystem dynamics when there is feedback or not. Simulating climate and fishing scenarios show that the combined effects of these factors are generally smaller than the sum of their individual effects. This result reflects the strong resilience of the ecosystem to external perturbations, induced by the numerous and weak trophic interactions between organisms. In agreement with hypotheses of trophic functioning based on the intensity of primary production and predators diversity, the study of the trophic pyramid show that bottom-up control dominates in the southern Benguela, i.e. that climate has stronger effects on the trophic functioning of this ecosystem than fishing.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2016 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | THESEUSEC| THESEUSAuthors: Kane, Idrissa oumar;This PhD sets and explores the possibilities of « dialogue of knowledge » between scientists and local communities about resilience strategies implementations for climate coastal risks adaptation. This dialogue focuses on questions of paradigmatics representations, values and materials issues. This dialogue of knowledge, advocated by scientific community and claimed by wide audience, is increasingly needed due to complex societal problems related to climate change and different world visions. The technocentered rationality has always been an approche which dominate in the responses to the challenge of adaptation. However, in the name of integrated gouvernance, this approach is more and more contested by local communities due to their strong engagement in proposing socially co-constructed alternatives. In the first paper « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis » our research focus on the conflict of representation between scientists and local stackeholders about the probabilistic nature of coastal risk and the impacts mitigation options. Thus, a dialogic communication, based on taking into account heuristic values of local actors, is necessary. In the second paper « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier » our research focus on the choice of meaning of resilience concept through public policy of coastal risk management. This concept, considering its history and evolution through its various disciplinary practices, has raised, in addition to problem of polysemy due to its high use, a lack of consensus on the suitable definition. In the third paper «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », it is to questionne the choice of models and approaches used by reseachers to analyse and intervene on the coastal system. Building on the two first papers, this pape ris an unique proposition of paradigmatic tilt in the conceptual and operational processing of socio-ecosystems gouvernance. This way of presentation (thesis structured by papers) is done in accordance with required principles and technics of redaction approved by academic world (here, the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). The three papers are closely linked in their respective thematic. This explain the coherence of the conducted research and the obtained results. In the methodology, the research is built/base on an empirical approach starting from an theorical approach related to the concepts studied. The method of datas collection is semi-structured interviews, focus group, with a thematic questionnaire. The method of datas processing is done by coding these latter in ATLAS.ti. The method of datas analysis is done by iterative grounded theorisation. The targeted audience is the scientific involved in the THESEUS project and the coastal communities lived in three experimental coastal settings of the project (Gironde in France, Santander in Spain and Cesenatico in Italia). In the conclusion, it is first admitted that paradigmatic tensions can compromise the efficacity of decision support system process and the need of consensus between heuristics on the coastal risk ; second, the same paradigmatic conflicts have some consequences in the operational deployment of resilience concept and it requires a dialogue about the signification of this concept in an epistemologically robust way. Finally, it is primordial to found a neat articulation between the choice of meaning, the operational deployment and the paradigmatic representations underlying the displayed concepts. Cette thèse pose et explore ici les possibilités de « dialogue des connaissances » entre scientifiques et communautés locales concernant la mise en place des stratégies de résilience en vue de l'adaptation aux risques côtiers attribués aux changements climatiques. Ce dialogue porte sur la question des représentations paradigmatiques, des valeurs et des enjeux matériels. Ce dialogue des connaissances, prôné au sein de la communauté scientifique et réclamé par le public large, s'impose de plus en plus vu la complexité des questions de sociétés liées au climat et aux visions du monde différentes. La rationalité technocentrée a toujours dominé dans les réponses aux défis liés à l'adaptation. Cependant, au nom de la gouvernance intégrée, cette approche est de plus en plus battue en brèche par les communautés locales du fait de leur fort engagement dans la proposition d’alternatives socialement co-construites. Dans le premier article « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis », nos recherches portent sur le conflit de représentations opposant scientifiques et acteurs locaux à propos de la nature probabiliste du risque côtier et des options de mitigation des impacts. Ainsi, une communication dialogique, basée sur la prise en compte des heuristiques de valeurs des acteurs locaux, est nécessaire. Dans le deuxième article « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier », nos recherches portent sur le choix de sens à propos du mot résilience à travers les politiques publiques de gestion du risque côtier. Ce concept, eu égard à son histoire et son évolution à travers ses différents usages disciplinaires, a posé, outre le problème de polysémie liée à sa forte utilisation, un manque de consensus sur le sens adéquat. Dans le troisième article «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », il s’agit de questionner les choix de modèles et d’approches utilisés par les chercheurs pour analyser et intervenir sur les systèmes côtiers. Construisant sur les résultats des premiers articles, cet article constitue une proposition unique de basculement paradigmatique dans le traitement conceptuel et opérationnel de la gouvernance des socio-écosystèmes complexes. La forme de présentation adoptée (thèse par articles) est faite dans le respect des principes et techniques rédactionnels requis, approuvée dans le monde académique (ici l'université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). Les trois articles sont étroitement liés par leurs thématiques respectives. Ceci explique la cohérence de la recherche menée et des résultats obtenus. Dans la méthodologie, la recherche s'appuie sur une démarche empirique en partant d’une démarche théorique ayant trait aux concepts étudiés. La méthode de collecte de données est les entretiens semi-directifs, focus groupe, muni de questionnaires thématiques. La méthode de traitement des corpus empiriques s’est effectuée par le codage dans ATLAS.ti. La méthode d’analyse des corpus est faite par l’approche théorisation ancrée itérative. Le public cible est les scientifiques du projet THESEUS et les communautés côtières de trois sites d'expérimentation du projet (Gironde en France, Santander en Espagne et Cesenatico en Italie). Dans la conclusion, d'abord il a été admis que les tensions paradigmatiques compromettent l'efficacité des systèmes d'aide à la décision et la nécessité d’un consensus entre heuristiques sur le risque côtier ; ensuite, les mêmes conflits de paradigmes ont des conséquences dans le redéploiement opérationnel du concept de résilience et qu'un dialogue sur le sens du concept puisse être établi de façon épistémologiquement robuste ; enfin, il est primordial que soit établi une articulation fine entre choix de sens, déploiement opérationnel et représentations paradigmatiques sous-jacentes aux concepts déployés.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2016Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2016Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2014 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | FLOODPROBE, EC | SMARTESTEC| FLOODPROBE ,EC| SMARTESTSalagnac, J.L.; Marchand, D.; Florence, C.; Delpech, P.; Axès, J.-M.;46 p. A current trend tends to pass river flood management from "all protection" (damming of rivers) to the creation of expansion fields, where possible. Nevertheless, some buildings will remain partially or totally immersed as it is the case today, for any kind of flood. This report explores means of prevention / protection at the scale of buildings. For the most part, these means are relatively limited in numbers and have been known for long. They all have their own scope and limits for each flood context. This situation calls for an approach at the territory scale in order to select the most appropriate solutions according to each context. Hydraulic projects should aim to moderate flood hazard at the buildings scale and especially in urban areas. Examination of these solutions falls under complementary skills to those of CSTB, the expertise of which is focused at the building scale. Une évolution en cours tend à faire passer la gestion des crues du " tout protection " (endiguement des cours d'eau) à la création de champs d'expansion, là où cela est possible. Malgré tout, des bâtiments resteront immergés partiellement ou totalement comme c'est le cas aujourd'hui, qu'il s'agisse de crues ou d'autres types d'inondation. Ce rapport explore les moyens de prévention/protection à l'échelle des bâtiments. Ces moyens, connus de longue date pour la plupart, sont relativement limités et ont chacun leur portée et leurs limites dans chaque contexte d'inondation. Cette situation plaide pour une approche adaptée à chaque situation après analyse à l'échelle du territoire concerné afin que des aménagements hydrauliques modèrent l'aléa à l'échelle des bâtiments et en particulier des zones urbaines. L'examen de ces solutions relève de compétences complémentaires de celles du CSTB, dont le regard porte essentiellement sur les bâtiments.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1996 United StatesPublisher:Paris, France: INRA Authors: Poncet, Y.; Quensiere, J.;Metadata only record The article examines the application of a geographical information system (GIS) project to the sustainable development of a natural resource within the context of a fisheries production system in the Central Delta of the River Niger in Mali. The project, which takes into account the specific characteristics of the natural and social environment, results from the findings of a research programme carried out between 1986-94 to investigate the organization and dynamics of a production sector which is based on the exploitation of a natural renewable resource. The Central Delta of the Niger contributes around 90% annually of total fish production in Mali. Over recent years, however, increasing interest from developers, restrictions on fishing and conflict between producers have caused a crisis of production. Through the development of a system of spatial representation of the interactions between the social and natural systems of the area, the objectives of the GIS are to solve the conflicts associated with resource use, develop an effective system of resource management and ensure the long term sustainability of the resource. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1997 United StatesPublisher:Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: The Coordination Office: OAU/CSTR-SAFGRAD Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2014 FrancePublisher:CCSD Funded by:EC | BIOCOREEC| BIOCOREAuthors: Dusseaux, Simon;First, C. acetobutylicum was metabolically engineered to produce a biofuel consisting of an isopropanol/butanol/ethanol (IBE) mixture. Different synthetic isopropanol operons were constructed and introduced on plasmids in a butyrate minus mutant strain (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk) in which the butyrate pathway was deleted. The best strain expressing the isopropanol operon from the thl promoter was selected from batch experiments at pH 5.0. By further optimizing the pH of the culture, an IBE mixture with almost no by-products was produced at a titer of 21 g.l-1, a yield of 0.34 g.g-1 and productivity of 0.8 g.l-1.h-1, values never reached before. IBE production was also shown to be efficient using xylose or xylan as the sole carbon source with 10.4 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.31 g.g-1 from xylose and 4.28 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.28 g.g-1 from xylan. Furthermore, by performing in vivo and in vitro flux analysis of the synthetic isopropanol pathway, this flux was identified to be limited by acetate intracellular concentration and the high Km of CoA-transferase for acetate. A synthetic CoA-transferase based on the AtoAD E. coli characteristics was designed, synthesized and evaluated in vivo. This enzyme, that displays a lower Km for acetate, was found to be a good candidate to alleviate the bottleneck of the isopropanol pathway. Secondly, several strategies were evaluated to redraw C. acetobutylicum metabolism and finally construct a strain able to produce isopropanol as the only fermentation product from glucose or xylose. To overcome the severe redox imbalance caused by homo-isopropanolic fermentation, several strategies were investigated. On the one hand, a new class of electron bifurcating enzyme, the NADH hydrogenases, that can use NADH and ferredoxin to produce H2, were evaluated in C. acetobutylicum. This strategy opens the alternative to produce isopropanol and H2 from glucose without any carbon lost. On the other hand, the use of an alternative catabolic pathway, the phosphocetolase pathway, for xylose utilization and acetyl-CoA production was evaluated. These results allow the identification of the metabolic bottlenecks to overcome to obtain a C. acetobutylicum strain able to produce only isopropanol from xylose at high yield; Une stratégie d’ingénierie du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum a été développée afin de construire une souche capable de produire de l’isopropanol à partir de sucres en C5, en C6 ou de substrats plus complexes. Dans un premier temps, une souche de C. acetobutylicum a été ingénieriée pour la production d’un mélange isopropanol/butanol/éthanol (IBE), ce microorganisme n’étant pas capable de produire naturellement de l’isopropanol. Différents opérons, exprimant une voie synthétique de production d’isopropanol, ont été construits et introduits à partir d’un plasmide dans une souche chez laquelle la voie de synthèse du butyrate a été supprimée (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk). La souche la plus performante a été sélectionnée à partir de cultures réalisées en fermenteur, en mode discontinu à pH 5,0 et s’est avérée être celle exprimant la voie de l’isopropanol sous la dépendance du promoteur thl. Une optimisation des paramètres de culture a conduit à la production d’un mélange IBE, à partir de glucose, à une concentration de 21 g.l-1, un rendement de 0,34 g.g-1 et une productivité de 0,8 g.l-1.h-1. La production du mélange IBE à partir de xylose ou de xylane comme unique source de carbone a également été démontrée et permet une production IBE de 10,4 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,31 g.g-1 sur xylose et une production IBE de 4,28 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,28 g.g-1 sur xylane. Enfin, l’analyse des flux passant par la voie de l’isopropanol a permis d’identifier l’étape limitant la production de ce composé. Cette dernière semble être liée à la concentration en acétate intracellulaire et aux propriétés catalytiques la CoA-transférase, qui possède une faible affinité pour l’acétate. Ainsi, une CoA-transférase synthétique basée sur les caractéristiques de la CoA-transférase AtoAD d’E. coli, qui est décrite comme ayant un Km pour l’acétate plus faible, a été conçue et exprimée dans la souche précédement construite afin de tenter de lever la limitation de la voie de synthèse de l’isopropanol. Dans un deuxième temps, des modifications supplémentaires du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum ont été effectuée afin de produire de l’isopropanol comme unique produit de fermentation à partir de glucose ou de xylose. Différentes stratégies ont alors été évaluées dans le but de contourner le déséquilibre rédox causé par la délétion des voies parasites consommatrices de carbone. Ainsi, des outils permettant la mesure d’activité hydrogénase, in-vivo et in-vitro, ont été développés pour tester la fonctionnalité de 3 hydrogénases, utilisant la bifurcation d’électrons pour la production d’H2 à partir de NADH et de ferrédoxine. Une deuxième stratégie utilisant les potentialités de la voie des phosphocétolases pour la métabolisation du xylose en acétyl-CoA a été étudiée et des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus malgré les limitations actuellement rencontrées
HAL-INSA Toulouse arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2014add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert HAL-INSA Toulouse arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2014add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2013 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | SMARTHOUSE/SMARTGRIDEC| SMARTHOUSE/SMARTGRIDAuthors: Oliveira, Grégory de;This PhD focuses on the global energy management based on energetical flux models ofbuildings. The objective of the energy management system is to help the inhabitants to manage theirbuilding, by scheduling the consumption/production of the different appliances, taking into accountenergy costs, availability et inhabitants' preferences. The PhD objective is to propose a resolution approach with several solvers inspired by the multi agent systems.A multi-phasis service representing several phasis has been developped. Each phasis is defined by its own consumption level. This type of service presents a better precision than singlephasis approaches to model some appliances. A new optimization approach has been developped. Itcombines different solvers embedded into software agents. The results is an hybrid approach forthe optimization based on the multi-agent system, using MILP algorithms and meta-heuristics.; Cette thèse concerne à la gestion globale à base de modèle des flux énergétiques dans le bâtiment. L'objectif des systèmes de gestion de l'énergie proposés est d'aider les occupants à gérer leur système bâtiment en planifiant la consommation/production des différents équipements présents en fonction des tarifs, de la disponibilité de l'énergie et des usages de l'occupant. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de résolution multi-solveurs s'appuyant sur le paradigme multi-agent.Pour y parvenir, nous avons développé, dans un premier temps, un service multi-phase, qui représente plusieurs phases flexibles avec des niveaux de consommation différents, offrant un niveau de précision supérieure pour des équipements comme une machine à laver. Dans un second temps, notre travail a consisté à proposer une nouvelle approche d'optimisation combinant différents solveurs embarqués dans des agents logiciels. Le résultat est une approche d'optimisation hybride à base d'agents, s'appuyant sur des algorithmes PLNE et des méta-heuristiques.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverINRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2013add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Doctoral thesis 2015 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | DNICAST, EC | MACC II, EC | ENDORSE +1 projectsEC| DNICAST ,EC| MACC II ,EC| ENDORSE ,EC| MACCAuthors: Blanc, Philippe;L’objet de ce document est de proposer une synthèse ainsi que les perspectives de mes activités de recherche depuis 2007 à MINES ParisTech. Cette recherche est bien sûr le fruit d’un travail collectif mené par l’équipe dont j’ai actuellement la responsabilité. Mon apport scientifique dans ce groupe réside essentiellement dans l’aide à la formalisation mathématique des problèmes et à leurs résolutions au moyen d’algorithmes mettant en oeuvre le traitement d’image, du signal, l’analyse statistique ou, de manière générale, les mathématiques appliquées. J’y apporte également mes connaissances dans la mesure du rayonnement par des instruments de mesures in-situ acquises ces dernières années.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1994 United StatesPublisher:Wageningen, Netherlands: Université Agronomique de Wageningen, Département de la Foresterie Authors: de Boer, F.; Kessler, J. J.;Metadata only record This document presents an analysis of Fulani pastoral farming systems that focuses on how pastoralists use silvopastoral land. It aims to provide the missing knowledge needed to implement the resource management ('gestion des terroirs') approach at village level. In this region the influence of pastoral land use on the environment appears to be less pronounced than that of crop cultivation, even though levels of animal production are reasonable. The carrying capacity of the region has not yet been attained. Current constraints to pastoral land use in the region arise from the encroachment of cropland at the expense of pastoral land, and the increase in animal numbers. To develop sustainable natural resource management at village level that includes Fulani pastoral land use, the key factors appear to be the integration of livestock husbandry and cropland cultivation at household level, agreements between pastoralists and cropland farmers on land tenure and resource management, and support targeting of Fulani households (which have so far been neglected). Specific recommendations are given. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009 FrancePublisher:Université Pierre et Marie Curie Funded by:EC | MEECEEC| MEECEAuthors: Travers, Morgane;La surexploitation et le changement climatique affectent le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins, mais des incertitudes existent quant aux effets de leur action combinée. Par une approche de modélisation, ce travail de thèse vise à étudier comment les effets top-down de la pêche et les effets bottom-up du climat se combinent au sein du réseau trophique. Une synthèse bibliographique préliminaire a révélé l'absence d'un modèle end-to-end applicable en l'état à notre écosystème d'étude - le sud-Benguela - qui permettrait l'étude des effets conjoints de la pêche et du climat. Le couplage des modèles de plancton ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 et de poissons OSMOSE s'est alors imposé comme une méthode innovante permettant de développer un outil approprié à nos objectifs. L'importance d'un couplage à double sens via la prédation est illustrée par l'étude des variabilités spatiale et temporelle du terme de rétroaction, puis par la comparaison des dynamiques planctoniques et écosystémiques lorsqu'il y a rétroaction ou non. La simulation de scénarios climatique et halieutique montre que les effets combinés de la pêche et du climat sont généralement plus faibles que la somme de leurs effets individuels. Ce résultat reflète la forte résistance du système aux perturbations extérieures, induite par les relations trophiques nombreuses et variables entre les organismes. En accord avec les hypothèses de fonctionnement trophique basées sur l'intensité de la production primaire et la diversité des prédateurs, l'étude de la pyramide trophique montre que le contrôle bottom-up domine dans le sud-Benguela, i.e. que le climat affecte le fonctionnement trophique de cet écosystème plus fortement que de la pêche. Overfishing and climate change are now recognized to have important effects on marine ecosystem functioning but uncertainties remains about their combined effects. Using a modelling approach this thesis aims at assessing how the top-down effects of fishing and the bottom-up effects of climate combine themselves within the food web. A preliminary review highlighted the lack of end-to-end model applicable as it stands to our study case - the southern Benguela - and suitable to study the combined effects of fishing and climate. Coupling the plankton model ROMS-N2P2Z2D2 and the fish model OSMOSE appeared as an innovative method allowing to develop an appropriate tool meeting our objectives. The importance of two-way coupling via the predation process is first illustrated by the study of spatial and temporal variabilities of the feedback term, and then by the comparison of plankton and ecosystem dynamics when there is feedback or not. Simulating climate and fishing scenarios show that the combined effects of these factors are generally smaller than the sum of their individual effects. This result reflects the strong resilience of the ecosystem to external perturbations, induced by the numerous and weak trophic interactions between organisms. In agreement with hypotheses of trophic functioning based on the intensity of primary production and predators diversity, the study of the trophic pyramid show that bottom-up control dominates in the southern Benguela, i.e. that climate has stronger effects on the trophic functioning of this ecosystem than fishing.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2009Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2016 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | THESEUSEC| THESEUSAuthors: Kane, Idrissa oumar;This PhD sets and explores the possibilities of « dialogue of knowledge » between scientists and local communities about resilience strategies implementations for climate coastal risks adaptation. This dialogue focuses on questions of paradigmatics representations, values and materials issues. This dialogue of knowledge, advocated by scientific community and claimed by wide audience, is increasingly needed due to complex societal problems related to climate change and different world visions. The technocentered rationality has always been an approche which dominate in the responses to the challenge of adaptation. However, in the name of integrated gouvernance, this approach is more and more contested by local communities due to their strong engagement in proposing socially co-constructed alternatives. In the first paper « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis » our research focus on the conflict of representation between scientists and local stackeholders about the probabilistic nature of coastal risk and the impacts mitigation options. Thus, a dialogic communication, based on taking into account heuristic values of local actors, is necessary. In the second paper « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier » our research focus on the choice of meaning of resilience concept through public policy of coastal risk management. This concept, considering its history and evolution through its various disciplinary practices, has raised, in addition to problem of polysemy due to its high use, a lack of consensus on the suitable definition. In the third paper «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », it is to questionne the choice of models and approaches used by reseachers to analyse and intervene on the coastal system. Building on the two first papers, this pape ris an unique proposition of paradigmatic tilt in the conceptual and operational processing of socio-ecosystems gouvernance. This way of presentation (thesis structured by papers) is done in accordance with required principles and technics of redaction approved by academic world (here, the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). The three papers are closely linked in their respective thematic. This explain the coherence of the conducted research and the obtained results. In the methodology, the research is built/base on an empirical approach starting from an theorical approach related to the concepts studied. The method of datas collection is semi-structured interviews, focus group, with a thematic questionnaire. The method of datas processing is done by coding these latter in ATLAS.ti. The method of datas analysis is done by iterative grounded theorisation. The targeted audience is the scientific involved in the THESEUS project and the coastal communities lived in three experimental coastal settings of the project (Gironde in France, Santander in Spain and Cesenatico in Italia). In the conclusion, it is first admitted that paradigmatic tensions can compromise the efficacity of decision support system process and the need of consensus between heuristics on the coastal risk ; second, the same paradigmatic conflicts have some consequences in the operational deployment of resilience concept and it requires a dialogue about the signification of this concept in an epistemologically robust way. Finally, it is primordial to found a neat articulation between the choice of meaning, the operational deployment and the paradigmatic representations underlying the displayed concepts. Cette thèse pose et explore ici les possibilités de « dialogue des connaissances » entre scientifiques et communautés locales concernant la mise en place des stratégies de résilience en vue de l'adaptation aux risques côtiers attribués aux changements climatiques. Ce dialogue porte sur la question des représentations paradigmatiques, des valeurs et des enjeux matériels. Ce dialogue des connaissances, prôné au sein de la communauté scientifique et réclamé par le public large, s'impose de plus en plus vu la complexité des questions de sociétés liées au climat et aux visions du monde différentes. La rationalité technocentrée a toujours dominé dans les réponses aux défis liés à l'adaptation. Cependant, au nom de la gouvernance intégrée, cette approche est de plus en plus battue en brèche par les communautés locales du fait de leur fort engagement dans la proposition d’alternatives socialement co-construites. Dans le premier article « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis », nos recherches portent sur le conflit de représentations opposant scientifiques et acteurs locaux à propos de la nature probabiliste du risque côtier et des options de mitigation des impacts. Ainsi, une communication dialogique, basée sur la prise en compte des heuristiques de valeurs des acteurs locaux, est nécessaire. Dans le deuxième article « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier », nos recherches portent sur le choix de sens à propos du mot résilience à travers les politiques publiques de gestion du risque côtier. Ce concept, eu égard à son histoire et son évolution à travers ses différents usages disciplinaires, a posé, outre le problème de polysémie liée à sa forte utilisation, un manque de consensus sur le sens adéquat. Dans le troisième article «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », il s’agit de questionner les choix de modèles et d’approches utilisés par les chercheurs pour analyser et intervenir sur les systèmes côtiers. Construisant sur les résultats des premiers articles, cet article constitue une proposition unique de basculement paradigmatique dans le traitement conceptuel et opérationnel de la gouvernance des socio-écosystèmes complexes. La forme de présentation adoptée (thèse par articles) est faite dans le respect des principes et techniques rédactionnels requis, approuvée dans le monde académique (ici l'université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). Les trois articles sont étroitement liés par leurs thématiques respectives. Ceci explique la cohérence de la recherche menée et des résultats obtenus. Dans la méthodologie, la recherche s'appuie sur une démarche empirique en partant d’une démarche théorique ayant trait aux concepts étudiés. La méthode de collecte de données est les entretiens semi-directifs, focus groupe, muni de questionnaires thématiques. La méthode de traitement des corpus empiriques s’est effectuée par le codage dans ATLAS.ti. La méthode d’analyse des corpus est faite par l’approche théorisation ancrée itérative. Le public cible est les scientifiques du projet THESEUS et les communautés côtières de trois sites d'expérimentation du projet (Gironde en France, Santander en Espagne et Cesenatico en Italie). Dans la conclusion, d'abord il a été admis que les tensions paradigmatiques compromettent l'efficacité des systèmes d'aide à la décision et la nécessité d’un consensus entre heuristiques sur le risque côtier ; ensuite, les mêmes conflits de paradigmes ont des conséquences dans le redéploiement opérationnel du concept de résilience et qu'un dialogue sur le sens du concept puisse être établi de façon épistémologiquement robuste ; enfin, il est primordial que soit établi une articulation fine entre choix de sens, déploiement opérationnel et représentations paradigmatiques sous-jacentes aux concepts déployés.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2016Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2016add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2014 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Funded by:EC | FLOODPROBE, EC | SMARTESTEC| FLOODPROBE ,EC| SMARTESTSalagnac, J.L.; Marchand, D.; Florence, C.; Delpech, P.; Axès, J.-M.;46 p. A current trend tends to pass river flood management from "all protection" (damming of rivers) to the creation of expansion fields, where possible. Nevertheless, some buildings will remain partially or totally immersed as it is the case today, for any kind of flood. This report explores means of prevention / protection at the scale of buildings. For the most part, these means are relatively limited in numbers and have been known for long. They all have their own scope and limits for each flood context. This situation calls for an approach at the territory scale in order to select the most appropriate solutions according to each context. Hydraulic projects should aim to moderate flood hazard at the buildings scale and especially in urban areas. Examination of these solutions falls under complementary skills to those of CSTB, the expertise of which is focused at the building scale. Une évolution en cours tend à faire passer la gestion des crues du " tout protection " (endiguement des cours d'eau) à la création de champs d'expansion, là où cela est possible. Malgré tout, des bâtiments resteront immergés partiellement ou totalement comme c'est le cas aujourd'hui, qu'il s'agisse de crues ou d'autres types d'inondation. Ce rapport explore les moyens de prévention/protection à l'échelle des bâtiments. Ces moyens, connus de longue date pour la plupart, sont relativement limités et ont chacun leur portée et leurs limites dans chaque contexte d'inondation. Cette situation plaide pour une approche adaptée à chaque situation après analyse à l'échelle du territoire concerné afin que des aménagements hydrauliques modèrent l'aléa à l'échelle des bâtiments et en particulier des zones urbaines. L'examen de ces solutions relève de compétences complémentaires de celles du CSTB, dont le regard porte essentiellement sur les bâtiments.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1996 United StatesPublisher:Paris, France: INRA Authors: Poncet, Y.; Quensiere, J.;Metadata only record The article examines the application of a geographical information system (GIS) project to the sustainable development of a natural resource within the context of a fisheries production system in the Central Delta of the River Niger in Mali. The project, which takes into account the specific characteristics of the natural and social environment, results from the findings of a research programme carried out between 1986-94 to investigate the organization and dynamics of a production sector which is based on the exploitation of a natural renewable resource. The Central Delta of the Niger contributes around 90% annually of total fish production in Mali. Over recent years, however, increasing interest from developers, restrictions on fishing and conflict between producers have caused a crisis of production. Through the development of a system of spatial representation of the interactions between the social and natural systems of the area, the objectives of the GIS are to solve the conflicts associated with resource use, develop an effective system of resource management and ensure the long term sustainability of the resource. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1997 United StatesPublisher:Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: The Coordination Office: OAU/CSTR-SAFGRAD Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2014 FrancePublisher:CCSD Funded by:EC | BIOCOREEC| BIOCOREAuthors: Dusseaux, Simon;First, C. acetobutylicum was metabolically engineered to produce a biofuel consisting of an isopropanol/butanol/ethanol (IBE) mixture. Different synthetic isopropanol operons were constructed and introduced on plasmids in a butyrate minus mutant strain (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk) in which the butyrate pathway was deleted. The best strain expressing the isopropanol operon from the thl promoter was selected from batch experiments at pH 5.0. By further optimizing the pH of the culture, an IBE mixture with almost no by-products was produced at a titer of 21 g.l-1, a yield of 0.34 g.g-1 and productivity of 0.8 g.l-1.h-1, values never reached before. IBE production was also shown to be efficient using xylose or xylan as the sole carbon source with 10.4 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.31 g.g-1 from xylose and 4.28 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.28 g.g-1 from xylan. Furthermore, by performing in vivo and in vitro flux analysis of the synthetic isopropanol pathway, this flux was identified to be limited by acetate intracellular concentration and the high Km of CoA-transferase for acetate. A synthetic CoA-transferase based on the AtoAD E. coli characteristics was designed, synthesized and evaluated in vivo. This enzyme, that displays a lower Km for acetate, was found to be a good candidate to alleviate the bottleneck of the isopropanol pathway. Secondly, several strategies were evaluated to redraw C. acetobutylicum metabolism and finally construct a strain able to produce isopropanol as the only fermentation product from glucose or xylose. To overcome the severe redox imbalance caused by homo-isopropanolic fermentation, several strategies were investigated. On the one hand, a new class of electron bifurcating enzyme, the NADH hydrogenases, that can use NADH and ferredoxin to produce H2, were evaluated in C. acetobutylicum. This strategy opens the alternative to produce isopropanol and H2 from glucose without any carbon lost. On the other hand, the use of an alternative catabolic pathway, the phosphocetolase pathway, for xylose utilization and acetyl-CoA production was evaluated. These results allow the identification of the metabolic bottlenecks to overcome to obtain a C. acetobutylicum strain able to produce only isopropanol from xylose at high yield; Une stratégie d’ingénierie du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum a été développée afin de construire une souche capable de produire de l’isopropanol à partir de sucres en C5, en C6 ou de substrats plus complexes. Dans un premier temps, une souche de C. acetobutylicum a été ingénieriée pour la production d’un mélange isopropanol/butanol/éthanol (IBE), ce microorganisme n’étant pas capable de produire naturellement de l’isopropanol. Différents opérons, exprimant une voie synthétique de production d’isopropanol, ont été construits et introduits à partir d’un plasmide dans une souche chez laquelle la voie de synthèse du butyrate a été supprimée (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk). La souche la plus performante a été sélectionnée à partir de cultures réalisées en fermenteur, en mode discontinu à pH 5,0 et s’est avérée être celle exprimant la voie de l’isopropanol sous la dépendance du promoteur thl. Une optimisation des paramètres de culture a conduit à la production d’un mélange IBE, à partir de glucose, à une concentration de 21 g.l-1, un rendement de 0,34 g.g-1 et une productivité de 0,8 g.l-1.h-1. La production du mélange IBE à partir de xylose ou de xylane comme unique source de carbone a également été démontrée et permet une production IBE de 10,4 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,31 g.g-1 sur xylose et une production IBE de 4,28 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,28 g.g-1 sur xylane. Enfin, l’analyse des flux passant par la voie de l’isopropanol a permis d’identifier l’étape limitant la production de ce composé. Cette dernière semble être liée à la concentration en acétate intracellulaire et aux propriétés catalytiques la CoA-transférase, qui possède une faible affinité pour l’acétate. Ainsi, une CoA-transférase synthétique basée sur les caractéristiques de la CoA-transférase AtoAD d’E. coli, qui est décrite comme ayant un Km pour l’acétate plus faible, a été conçue et exprimée dans la souche précédement construite afin de tenter de lever la limitation de la voie de synthèse de l’isopropanol. Dans un deuxième temps, des modifications supplémentaires du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum ont été effectuée afin de produire de l’isopropanol comme unique produit de fermentation à partir de glucose ou de xylose. Différentes stratégies ont alors été évaluées dans le but de contourner le déséquilibre rédox causé par la délétion des voies parasites consommatrices de carbone. Ainsi, des outils permettant la mesure d’activité hydrogénase, in-vivo et in-vitro, ont été développés pour tester la fonctionnalité de 3 hydrogénases, utilisant la bifurcation d’électrons pour la production d’H2 à partir de NADH et de ferrédoxine. Une deuxième stratégie utilisant les potentialités de la voie des phosphocétolases pour la métabolisation du xylose en acétyl-CoA a été étudiée et des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus malgré les limitations actuellement rencontrées
HAL-INSA Toulouse arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2014add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert HAL-INSA Toulouse arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2014Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2014add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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