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This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.

This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.

In recent years, the rapid development of the rare earth industry has had a serious impact on the environment. Some enterprises have taken measures to improve the production process. In order to explore the sustainability of this industry and these improvements’ environmental benefits, this paper combines emergy analysis and lifecycle assessment to evaluate and compare the production process of rare-earth oxides considering the three aspects of emergy flow, pollutant emissions, and emergy-based indicators. Changes in the emergy of pollutant emissions before and after improvement of the production process are discussed. The results show that the greatest inputs in the mining and beneficiation stage and smelting separation stage are labor force and service and non-renewable resources, respectively. These two production stages are highly dependent on external input and have weak competitiveness. Both stages place great pressure on the environment, so the bastnasite production process would be unsustainable in the long term. After the improvement, the environmental impact of the production process for bastnaesite changed significantly, indicating that the improvement effect of the wastewater treatment facilities and the change of fuel from coal to natural gas is remarkable.

In recent years, the rapid development of the rare earth industry has had a serious impact on the environment. Some enterprises have taken measures to improve the production process. In order to explore the sustainability of this industry and these improvements’ environmental benefits, this paper combines emergy analysis and lifecycle assessment to evaluate and compare the production process of rare-earth oxides considering the three aspects of emergy flow, pollutant emissions, and emergy-based indicators. Changes in the emergy of pollutant emissions before and after improvement of the production process are discussed. The results show that the greatest inputs in the mining and beneficiation stage and smelting separation stage are labor force and service and non-renewable resources, respectively. These two production stages are highly dependent on external input and have weak competitiveness. Both stages place great pressure on the environment, so the bastnasite production process would be unsustainable in the long term. After the improvement, the environmental impact of the production process for bastnaesite changed significantly, indicating that the improvement effect of the wastewater treatment facilities and the change of fuel from coal to natural gas is remarkable.

AbstractThe fluid flow characteristics in shale fractures are of great significance for shale gas reservoir evaluation and exploitation. In this study, artificial tension fractures in shale were used to simulate the hydraulic fractures formed by fracturing, and a gas flow test under different pressure gradients was conducted. The nonlinear gas flow and stress‐dependent permeability characteristics were analyzed. The experimental results show the following: (a) CO2 flow in shale fractures exhibits strong nonlinearity. Forchheimer's law, which considers gas compressibility, satisfactorily describes the nonlinear relationship between the flow rate and the pressure gradients in shale fractures. (b) The permeability sensitivity of shale fractures under stress is very strong, and the exponential relationship better describes the pressure dependency of the permeability for the tested shale samples. The permeability of the shale fractures is similar when measured parallel or perpendicular to bedding. Furthermore, the pressure dependence of fractures in shale obeys the Walsh permeability model. (c) As the effective stress increases, the nonlinear flow behavior appears earlier. Based on the Reynolds number and the nonlinear coefficient, a friction factor model is proposed. (d) The normalized transmissivity exhibits a strong correlation with the Reynolds number. CO2 flow through shale fractures is generally dominated by transitional flow. The critical Reynolds number ranges from 1.8 to 102.88 and decreases with increasing effective stress.

AbstractThe fluid flow characteristics in shale fractures are of great significance for shale gas reservoir evaluation and exploitation. In this study, artificial tension fractures in shale were used to simulate the hydraulic fractures formed by fracturing, and a gas flow test under different pressure gradients was conducted. The nonlinear gas flow and stress‐dependent permeability characteristics were analyzed. The experimental results show the following: (a) CO2 flow in shale fractures exhibits strong nonlinearity. Forchheimer's law, which considers gas compressibility, satisfactorily describes the nonlinear relationship between the flow rate and the pressure gradients in shale fractures. (b) The permeability sensitivity of shale fractures under stress is very strong, and the exponential relationship better describes the pressure dependency of the permeability for the tested shale samples. The permeability of the shale fractures is similar when measured parallel or perpendicular to bedding. Furthermore, the pressure dependence of fractures in shale obeys the Walsh permeability model. (c) As the effective stress increases, the nonlinear flow behavior appears earlier. Based on the Reynolds number and the nonlinear coefficient, a friction factor model is proposed. (d) The normalized transmissivity exhibits a strong correlation with the Reynolds number. CO2 flow through shale fractures is generally dominated by transitional flow. The critical Reynolds number ranges from 1.8 to 102.88 and decreases with increasing effective stress.

Background: Fish entrainment through turbine intakes is one of the major issues for operators of hydropower facilities because it causes injury and/or mortality and adversely affects population abundance. Entrainment reduction strategies have been developed based on the behavior of downstream migrating fishes, particularly diadromous species. However, knowledge of the behavior of migratory fishes has very limited application for reducing the entrainment of resident fishes, including several species that represent important recreational and aboriginal fishery resources in reservoirs. In this study, we used fine-scale acoustic telemetry and state-space modeling to investigate behavioral attributes associated with entrainment risk of resident adult bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a large hydropower reservoir in British Columbia, Canada. Results: We found that adult bull trout resided longer in the vicinity of the powerhouse and moved closer to the turbine intakes in the fall and particularly in the winter. Bull trout were more likely to engage in exploratory behavior (characteristic of foraging or reduced activity) during periods when their body temperature was lower or higher than 6°C. We also detected diel changes in behavioral attributes, with bull trout distance to intakes and probability of exploratory behavior slightly increasing at night. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the exploratory behavior in the forebay is associated with foraging for kokanee (nonanadromous form of Oncorhynchus nerka), which have been shown to congregate near the dams of hydropower reservoirs in the winter. Our study findings should be applicable to bull trout populations residing in other reservoirs and indicate that entrainment mitigation (for example, use of deterrent devices) should be focused on the fall and winter. This work also provides a framework for combining acoustic telemetry and state-space models to understand and categorize movement behavior of fish in reservoirs and, more generally, in any environment with fluctuating water levels.