• Energy Research
• AU close
• FR close
• RU close
• CH close
• FI close

The Aneto Glacier, is the largest glacier in the Pyrenees. Its shrinkage and wastage have been continuous in recent decades, and there are signs of accelerated melting in recent years. In this study, changes in the surface and ice thickness of the Aneto Glacier from 1981 to 2022 are investigated using historical aerial imagery, airborne LiDAR point clouds, and UAV imagery. A GPR survey conducted in 2020, combined with data from photogrammetric analyses, allowed us to reconstruct the current ice thickness and also the existing ice distribution in 1981 and 2011. Over the last 41 years, the total glaciated area has shrunk by 64.7% and the ice thickness has decreased, on average, by 30.5 m. The mean remaining ice thickness in autumn 2022 was 11.9 m, as against the mean thicknesses of 32.9 m, 19.2 m reconstructed for 1981 and 2011 and 15.0 m observed in 2020 respectively. The results demonstrate the critical situation of the glacier, with an imminent segmentation into two smaller ice bodies and no evidence of an accumulation zone. We also found that the occurrence of an extremely hot and dry year, as observed in the 2021–2022 season, leads to a drastic degradation of the glacier, posing a high risk to the persistence of the Aneto Glacier, a situation that could extend to the rest of the Pyrenean glaciers in a relatively short time.

A total of 256 surveys were analyzed for Caquetá and 227 surveys forYurimaguas. These surveys belong to the project "Sustainable Amazonian Landcapes" ( see below Related Datasets). All the households that participated in the survey did it freely and under prior informed consent. Households were asked about their farms’ agrobiodiversity (crops, cattle ranching, and pastoral diversity), farming activities, agroecological management practices and livelihood assets. These surveys provided the information required for defining the household typologies based on farming livelihood diversification and to obtain indicators of vulnerability to climate change. People surveyed usually were household heads or their spouses. The supervisors were the direct link with CIAT. The data was collected through Android Devices using the software CsPro 6.2 and 6.3. (Reporte Interno)

Patterns of movement of marine species can reflect strategies of reproduction and dispersal, species’ interactions, trophodynamics, and susceptibility to change, and thus critically inform how we manage populations and ecosystems. On coral reefs, the density and diversity of metazoan taxa is greatest in dead coral and rubble, which is suggested to fuel food webs from the bottom-up. Yet, biomass and secondary productivity in rubble is predominantly available in some of the smallest individuals, limiting how accessible this energy is to higher trophic levels. We address the bioavailability of motile coral reef cryptofauna based on small-scale patterns of emigration in rubble. We deployed modified RUbble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS) and emergence traps in a shallow rubble patch at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, to detect community-level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under five habitat accessibility regimes. The mean density (0.13–4.5 ind.cm-3) and biomass (0.14–5.2 mg.cm-3) of cryptofauna were high and varied depending on microhabitat accessibility. Emergent zooplankton represented a distinct community (dominated by the Appendicularia and Calanoida) with the lowest density and biomass, indicating constraints on nocturnal resource availability. Mean cryptofauna density and biomass were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was blocked, driven by the rapid proliferation of small harpacticoid copepods from the rubble surface, leading to trophic simplification. Individuals with high biomass (e.g., decapods, gobies, and echinoderms) were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was unrestricted. Treatments with a closed rubble surface did not differ from those completely open, suggesting that top-down predation does not diminish rubble-derived resources. Our results show that conspecific cues and species’ interactions (e.g., competition and predation) within rubble are most critical in shaping ecological outcomes within the cryptobiome. These findings have implications for prey accessibility through trophic and community size structuring in rubble, which may become increasingly relevant as benthic reef complexity shifts in the Anthropocene. We address the bioavailability of coral reef cryptofauna in rubble based on small-scale patterns of emigration. We adapted the accessibility of Rubble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS), models used to standardise biodiversity sampling in rubble (Wolfe and Mumby 2020), to explore the local movement patterns of rubble-dwelling fauna, with inference to predation processes within and beyond the cryptobenthos. Five treatments were developed to detect community-level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under various habitat accessibility regimes. Four of these treatments were developed by modifying accessibility into RUBS (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4176644/files) to understand limitations on the directional influx and movement of cryptofauna within coral rubble patches using four treatments; (1) open (completely accessible), (2) interstitial access (top closed), (3) surficial access (sides and bottom closed), and (4) raised (above rubble substratum). The fifth treatment involved a series of emergence plankton traps, designed to target demersal cryptofauna that vertically migrate from within the rubble benthos at night, given emergent zooplankton biomass and diversity are greatest at night. Fieldwork was conducted over several weeks (11th September to 5th October 2021) in a shallow (~3–5 m depth) reef slope site on the southern margin of Heron Island (-23˚26.845’ S, 151˚54.732’ E), Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Fig. 1). All collections were conducted under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority permit G20/44613.1.

This dataset contains the data used in the manuscript "Physiological adaptation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima under copper starvation" accepted for publication in April 2023 in Marine Environmental Research. In the open ocean and particularly in iron (Fe)-limited environment, copper (Cu) deficiency might limit the growth of phytoplankton species. Cu is an essential trace metal used in electron-transfer reactions, such as respiration and photosynthesis, when bound to specific enzymes. Some phytoplankton species, such as the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. can cope with Cu starvation through adaptative strategies. This dataset contains the data collected during the experimental starvation of a strain of the diatom P. delicatissima under laboratory controlled conditions.

Data type: Experimental measurements, correlations and Van't Hoff plot. Date format: .opj. Origin of the data: Experimental pressure composition isotherm measurements. Data generated by a home-made Sieverts’ type apparatus from CNRS, ICMPE, Thiais, France. Software needed to plot the data: Origin.

The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO-ERIC, https://emso.eu/) is a research infrastructure distributed throughout Europe for seabed and water column observatories. It aims to further explore the oceans, better understand the phenomena that occur on the seabed, and elucidate the critical role that these phenomena play in global Earth systems. This observatory is based on observation sites (or nodes) that have been deployed in strategic locations in European seas, from the Arctic to the Atlantic, from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. There are currently eleven deepwater nodes plus four shallow water test nodes. EMSO-Western Ligurian Sea Node (https://www.emso-fr.org/fr) is a second generation permanent submarine observatory deployed offshore of Toulon, France, as a follow up of the pioneering ANTARES neutrino telescope. This submarine network, deployed at a depth of 2450m, is part of KM3NeT (https://www.km3net.org/) which has a modular topology designed to connect up to 120 neutrino detection units, i.e. ten times more than ANTARES. The Earth and Sea Science (ESS) instrumentation connected to KM3NeT is based on two complementary components: an Instrumented Interface Module (MII) and an autonomous mooring line (ALBATROSS). The ALBATROSS line is an inductive instrumented mooring line (2000 m) composed of an acoustic communication system, two inductive cables equipped with CTD-O2 sensors, current meters and two instrumented buoys. The MII and the ALMBATROSS mooring line communicate through an acoustic link. The MII is connected to an electro-optical cable via the KM3NeT node allowing the data transfer from and to the land based controlled room.

This file contains the AiNU data used for the article entitled by Physics-based material parameters extraction from perovskite experiments via Bayesian optimization (https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11101).

Literature search and screening We searched for relevant literature with publication month and years Jan 2000- Nov 2022 in two databases: Web of Science (https://www.webofscience.com/; The Core Collection) and Scopus (https://www.scopus.com). We used the same nested Boolean (i.e., AND between different groups of search terms, OR within groups of similar search terms and NOT for excluding search terms) search string in the title, abstract and keywords fields for both Web of Science (TS) and Scopus (TITLE-ABS-KEY) (complete search strings in the supplementary material, Appendix S1). We targeted the relevant deer species for the boreal and temperate forests (i.e., Alces alces, Capreolus capreolus, Cervus spp., Dama dama, Odocoileus spp., Rangifer tarandus; for distribution maps, see Fig. S2), by using a combination of Latin and common names that we combined with geographical constraints based on names of biogeographical regions, countries, and states. We combined this search string with climate related variables (temperature, precipitation etc., Appendix S2). From here on, we refer to Cervus elaphus as red deer, and C. canadensis as wapiti. We refer to R. tarandus living in Europe and Asia as reindeer but as caribou when living in North America. We restrained the search by language (English) and document type (peer-reviewed papers). Our aim was to be as least exclusive as possible, but this led to some unexpected irrelevant documents. We therefore added exclusion terms to filter out non-targeted biogeographical regions and scientific fields. We did not exclude any topical part of our search because it would be impossible to make a coherent pre-emptive list of terms to exclude. The search hits from Web of Science and Scopus were merged and cleaned of duplicates, resulting in 8154 unique papers. Screening of papers was conducted using Rayyan (Ouzzani et al. 2016), a free web application for reviewing articles. Decisions on exclusion or inclusion were first made by reading the title and abstract of each article and determining their conformity to the criteria targeted by the search terms: right topic (i.e., in context of climate change), species (Cervidae excluding semi-domestic reindeer), geography (boreal and temperate zones), language (English) and type of study (new, or new synthesis of, empirical temporal data on deer response to climate). We included papers of migratory caribou residing in forest for larger parts of the year. Note that papers did not have to specify a climate change context to be included. It was sufficient that it contained temporal data on deer and weather variations. Given the controversies surrounding definitions of climate change, rather few papers proclaim having documented climate change and a stricter criterion would have excluded almost all papers. The robustness of the exclusion criteria and the individual screener divergence of the first screening were tested before the actual screening was done. Fifty randomly drawn papers were reviewed by all authors individually without conferring. The papers were randomly distributed among authors. The discrepancies were rather few (13 out of 49 papers (27%) had at least 1 person with a different opinion than the others). After discussing each of these cases in detail, the basis for coherent decision making was improved. To verify the improvement, another control procedure was applied for the remaining screening: 289 papers were each read by two to four authors. The result of this control screening showed 18 (6%) conflicting decisions. Screening of the remaining 7815 papers was done by the authors one by one and assigned equally among readers according to alphabetic order by the first author of the papers. The first screening finally generated 556 papers possibly relevant for the review. All papers with conflicting decisions in the test and control screenings were included among the 556. The possibly relevant papers were then equally divided between the authors. These papers were read completely and again scrutinized for conformation to criteria, resulting in a final list of 218 papers relevant for review. Data from these papers were then tabulated and systemized per demographics (species, location, season, etc.), deer responses and climate factor. Further details on this data collection are specified in Appendix S3. The table here in Dryad includes the detailed tabulations used to produce Table 1, Figure 1, Figure in the main article, and Table S3 in the Appendix.  Climate change causes far-reaching disruption in nature, where tolerance thresholds already have been exceeded for some plants and animals. In the short-term, deer may respond to climate through individual physiological and behavioral responses. Over time, individual responses can aggregate to the population level and ultimately lead to evolutionary adaptations. We systematically reviewed literature (published 2000-2022) to summarize the effect of temperature, rainfall, snow, combined measures (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation) and extreme events, on deer species inhabiting boreal and temperate forests in terms of their physiology, spatial use and population dynamics. We targeted deer species which inhabit relevant biomes in North America, Europe and Asia: moose, roe deer, elk, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, white-tailed deer, mule deer, caribou and reindeer. Our review (218 papers) shows that many deer populations will likely benefit in-part from warmer winters, but hotter and drier summers may exceed their physiological tolerances. We found support for deer expressing both morphological, physiological, and behavioral plasticity in response to climate variability. For example, some deer species can limit the effects of harsh weather conditions by modifying habitat use and daily activity patterns, while the physiological responses of female deer can lead to long-lasting effects on population dynamics. We identified 20 patterns, among which some illustrate antagonistic pathways, suggesting that detrimental effects will cancel out some of the benefits of climate change. Our findings highlight the influence of local variables (eg. population density and predation) for how deer will respond to climatic conditions. We identified several knowledge gaps, such as studies regarding the potential impact on these animals of extreme weather events, snow type and wetter autumns. The patterns we have identified in this literature review should help managers understand how populations of deer may be affected by regionally projected futures regarding temperature, rainfall and snow. # Literature review protocol: Climate change and deer in boreal and temperate regions [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jh9w0vtmd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jh9w0vtmd) ## Description of the data and file structure We systematically reviewed literature (published 2000-2022) to summarize the effect of temperature, rainfall, snow, combined measures (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation) and extreme events, on deer species inhabiting boreal and temperate forests in terms of their physiology, spatial use and population dynamics. We targeted deer species which inhabit relevant biomes in North America, Europe and Asia: moose, roe deer, elk, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, white-tailed deer, mule deer, caribou and reindeer. After screening, 218 articles remained. The data made available here pertains to these articles. ### Files and variables #### File: Felton\_et\_al\_2024\_GCB\_Protocol\_literature\_review\_Dryad 30 aug no hidden columns.xlsx **Description:** protocol for tabulating relevant information from published literature. ##### Variables * Column B-G: Climatic variables that the studies assessed (temperature, rainfall, snow, combined measures, extreme climatic events) * Column H: animal species * Column I: extreme events * Column K-AF: registration whether information is presented that relate to the three larger topics of the review (Physiology, Spatial use, Population dynamics) and to any of the 20 Patterns Found, which are summarised in Table 2 in the main article. Abbreviations refer to details of such patterns, which are explained in the heading of Table 2 in the main article. * Blank cells = no relevant information exist. Data was derived from the following sources: * We searched for relevant literature with publication month and years Jan 2000- Nov 2022 in two databases: Web of Science ([https://www.webofscience.com/](https://www.webofscience.com/); The Core Collection) and Scopus ([https://www.scopus.com](https://www.scopus.com/)).