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Принятие комплекса законодательных актов в сфере энергетики, объединяемых термином Energiewende , существенно изменило структуру потребления энергии в Германии: в настоящее время наи-большую долю в ней занимает зеленая энергия, выработанная за счет использования ветра, солнца, воды и биомассы. Подобные изменения, безусловно, можно расценивать как успех. Однако, одновременно с целена-правленным изменением структуры производства и потребления энергии в Германии возникли определенные социально-политические, экономические и юридические проблемы, требующие тщательного изучения. Дискус-сионным является вопрос о соответствии целей и предлагаемых мер их достижения, в частности, в отношении бесперебойности энергообеспечения, расширения электрических сетей, совершенствования подхода к ценооб-разованию, экологических последствий с учетом курса на тотальное расширение производства энергии за счет возобновляемых источников. Актуальными для Германии и затрагивающими энергетическую политику России являются вопросы ускоренного сворачивания ядерной энергетики и легитимности национального курса Герма-нии на продвижение зеленой энергетики в контексте интеграции с Европейским энергетическим рынком. В статье выполнен анализ указанного комплекса проблем и охарактеризована роль национального законода-тельства Германии в их решении. from wind, solar, water and biomass now provides the largest contribution to the total electricity consumption. In this respect, Energiewende can be regarded as an overall success. But in parallel to this scenario, a critical discourse has evolved concerning socio-political, economic and legal issues. The congruence of objectives and measures for example, in regards to ensuring security of supply, expansion of electricity networks, development of electricity price and envi-ronmental consequences in the course of expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources is the main focus of socio-political and economic discussions. Accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy and constitutional disputes regarding the legality of national orientation of the promotional scheme for green electricity in respect to the integration of German electricity sector in the European internal market for energy are in the centre of the debate and have a remarkable impact on the energy policy in Russia as well. Against this background, present article examines the con-tribution of German Energiewende to the resolution of complex challenges of the developed industrial society. №4 (226) (2017)

The work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the wind turbine lightning protection system on the possibility of a lightning strike to the lightning rod, to the protected object and to the surface of the earth. The aim of the work is to study atmospheric electric fields for a complex object: a wind turbine, a thundercloud and a surface of the earth, in two versions - with and without a lightning protection system. This goal is achieved by constructing a mathematical model based on the Laplace equation of elliptic type and boundary conditions for calculating the electric flow function. Computational experiments over a wind turbine carried out in two basic configurations: using a rodtype lightning protection system and without it. The most significant result of the work is a mathematical model with boundary conditions that determines the rigid boundaries of the object of study and constant values at the free and symmetric boundaries for calculating the electric flow function, the method of finding the specific distribution of the lines of the flow function along the boundaries of the studied wind power installation, and the results of computational experiments. As a result, it was found that the applied numerical calculation method allows analyzing the features of the atmospheric electrostatic field near the pointed peaks. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible increasing of the efficiency of lightning protection of a power plant and can be used to simulate other objects using a rod type of lightning protection.

The work is d to improving methods for calculating the cooling system of a microturbine with a rotor on air bearings. When designing gas turbines, it is important to integrate gas-dynamic calculations with thermal finite-element calculations. In practice, the conjugation of temperature fields in solids and liquids, as well as the transfer of thermal loads between the media are carried out using several approaches: direct, non-conjugate and sequential coupled. Numerical simulation of the coupled heat transfer in a cavity formed by the gap between the rotor and stator is carried out. To calculate the flow characteristics of a viscous compressible fluid and heat transfer. The degree of influence on the results of the type of turbulence model used, the influence of taking into account the conjugate heat transfer, is studied. The effect of the mass flow rate of the cooler on the flow structure and the cooling efficiency of the walls of the rotor and stator is investigated. A comparison is made with experimental data. Numerical experiments have shown that in typical cases the flow in the cavity is turbulent. The cooling efficiency has a limit on the flow rate of the cooler. The temperature distribution along the length of the rotor has a noticeable minimum in the region of the middle of the length of the rotor. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the choice of the turbulence model weakly affects the calculation results and taking into account the conjugate nature of heat transfer is necessary.

The article examines potential integration of government initiatives in the field of environmental protection and policies aimed at the development of energy sector of the Russian Federation. The analysis, carried out on the basis of national ecological projects and the energy strategy of the Russian Federation, reveals that the two planning areas are practically disjoint. This indicates that integrated approach towards solving the issue of global warming through modification of energy supply and demand patterns, which is dominant in many Western countries, has little political support in Russia. The article concludes that the goal to combat climate change, pronounced by the Russian government, has not been followed through in the factual government plans.