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Co-integration analysis and Granger causality test were applied in this paper,using the panel statistical data of annual macro-economy in year 1978～2006,the dependent relation between the amount of China energy consumption and gross domestic product was checked.In the further step,an analysis was made to prove the correlation between different industry economic growth and energy consumption in China.An evidence-based study showed that co-integration relation exists between the gross of China energy consumption and the GDP,and the two variables possess bi-directional causality.The energy consumption for the secondary industry has a markedly stimulative effect.This paper also explained the short-term behavior of energy demands by error correcting model.

Water use efficiency (WUE) of an ecosystem is an important index to measure the degree of coupling of the carbon and water cycles. The WUE of a cropland ecosystem in Anhui Province was estimated and the spatio-temporal distribution of cropland WUE was analyzed to explore its influencing factors, which will be of great significance for scientific allocation and rational utilization of water resources in the cropland region. This study focused on the application of data from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and meteorological data, estimated the cropland WUE, analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of cropland WUE in Anhui Province over the last 15 years, and evaluated the relationship of WUE with climatic factors. The results showed that 1) Between 2000 and 2014, the average annual cropland WUE for Anhui Province was 1.54 gC mm 1 m, ranging from 1.38 to 1.66 gC mm 1 m. As a whole, the annual growth trend of cropland WUE was 0.011 gC mm 1 m, and cropland WUE had a strong spatial variability in Anhui Province, where it was higher in the north and lower in the southern part of the province. The cropland WUE north of the Huaihe River was higher than that of the province as a whole, while that of the Huaihe River was lower than the province average. 2) The variation of cropland WUE in Anhui Province showed a bimodal change pattern with obvious seasonal variation, in the order of spring > autumn > summer > winter. Taking Huaihe as the boundary, the changing trends of the cities in the north and the south were slightly different. The maximum value south of Huaihe was in A p r i l, while that north of Huaihe was the highest in March. 3) The dynamic change of cropland WUE in Anhui Province was closely related to temperature and rainfall. The regions with cropland WUE changes resulting from non-climate factors made up 81.42% of the total area of cropland in the province, followed by that mainly affected by precipitation (17.14%) and temperature (0 . 7 3 %), while the combination of ...

The transport mechanism of photogenerated carriers in the composite films based on poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4,-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) doped with CuS nanoparticles is investigated by the steady-state photo-current spectra and dynamic double-pulse photocurrent response. An obvious charging effect is found at lower concentration of CuS nanoparticles, while at high concentration, the same feature is absent. The charging effect is attributed to charge accumulation at the interface between MEH-PPV and CuS nanoparticles, which directly destroys the photocurrent responses of composite devices. It is concluded that doping CuS into MEH-PPV at low concentration causes trap states, and filling and emptying traps leads to charging and discharging effect respectively. At high concentration of CuS nanoparticles, the aggregation scale becomes larger and the double polar transport of charge carriers is improved, which inhibits the charge accumulation at the interface of MEH-PPV/CuS.

Text in Chinese. ; Translated by Li Shili ; The UNCED Earth Summit established two new principles of international justice: an equitable international order and protection of the environment. UNCED was a significant symbol, a morality play about environment and economics. Wealth is asymmetrically distributed; approximately one-fifth of the world (the G-7 nations) produces and consumes four-fifths of goods and services; four-fifths (the G-77 nations) get one-fifth. This distribution can be interpreted as both an earnings differential and as exploitation. Responses may require justice or charity, producing and sharing. Natural and national resources come into tension with the common heritage of humankind, exemplified in disputes about who owns biodiversity resources. Ethics has to learn planetary home economics.

abstract: With the rapid rise of distributed generation, Internet of Things, and mobile Internet, both U.S. and European smart home manufacturers have developed energy management solutions for individual usage. These applications help people manage their energy consumption more efficiently. Domestic manufacturers have also launched similar products. This paper focuses on the factors influencing Energy Management Behaviour (EMB) at the individual level. By reviewing academic literature, conducting surveys in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the author builds an integrated behavioural energy management model of the Chinese energy consumers. This paper takes the vague term of EMB and redefines it as a function of two separate behavioural concepts: Energy Management Intention (EMI), and the traditional Energy Saving Intention (ESI). Secondly, the author conducts statistical analyses on these two behavioural concepts. EMI is the main driver behind an individual’s EMB. EMI is affected by Behavioural Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). Among these three key factors, PBC exerts the strongest influence. This implies that the promotion of the energy management concept is mainly driven by good application user experience (UX). The traditional ESI also demonstrates positive influence on EMB, but its impact is weaker than the impacts arising under EMI’s three factors. In other words, the government and manufacturers may not be able to change an individual's energy management behaviour if they rely solely on their traditional promotion strategies. In addition, the study finds that the government may achieve better promotional results by launching subsidies to the manufacturers of these kinds of applications and smart appliances. ; Dissertation/Thesis ; Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

Measuring performance of destinations is a complicated yet potentially important issue for many destinations.Current metrics of destination performance based on growth rates do not provide sufficient information about destination competitiveness and sustainability in the global market.The study suggests a more meaningful performance measurement based on value generating processes at the destination level.

A high pressure supercritical CO geochemical reactor was used to simulate the CO sequestration process into deep coal seam under around 40°C and 9.8 MPa for 72 hours. The changes of pore structure of different rank coal samples with and without the supercritical CO treatment were investigated by helium pycnometer and mercury porosimetry. The results show that the true density of anthracite increase from 1.51 g/cm to 1.59 g/cm while that of other rank samples have no significant changes after being treated by the HP-ScCO-HO system. All the bulk densities decrease, of which lignite and low volatile bituminous decreased by 0.1 g/cm. The growth rate of total pore volume and porosity of lignite are 85% and 118% respectively, which are mainly attributed to the increase in macropores. Pore structures of coal during CO sequestration are mainly influenced by macropores and mesopores in low rank coals, while in high rank coals mainly by micropores, which increase the surface area of coal. As shown in anthracite, the surface area increase from 24.3 m/g to 27.6 m/g, which accordingly enhance the gas adsorption. The "ink-bottle" pores are influenced during CO sequestration process from analysis on hysteresis of the extrusion curves.

The emergence and development of the power-to-gas (P2G) technique have made the bidirectional energy flow between power and natural gas systems possible. P2G represents a key technique in the emerging energy internet, and promotes the integration of multi-energy systems. By transforming electricity to gas, existing gas storage facilities can be used to mitigate the volatility of renewable energy generation. The modeling of future complex multi-energy systems with P2G functions is presented based on the "energy hub" framework, and a coordinated optimization model presented. A game-theory-based method is next proposed to attain market equilibrium in a multi-energy system. A 4-bus sample multi-energy system and a simplified Victoria gas-electricity combined network system in Australia are adopted for demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented optimization model and solving algorithm.

Integrated energy system and Energy Internet are two hot topics in the field of energy. In this paper, these two concepts and their focuses are summarized and analyzed. Typical research in the areas of integrated energy system and Energy Internet is reviewed. The research concerns and technologies of these two concepts are then outlined respectively. The differences and similarities of these two concepts and their future development are discussed.