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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This version has been superseded. The latest version is at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5517550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eddy covariance flux tower datasets of all Urban-PLUMBER sites, associated with the manuscript: "Harmonized, gap-filled dataset from 20 urban flux tower sites" Use of any data must give credit through citation of the above manuscript and other sources as appropriate. We recommend data users consult with site contributing authors and/or the coordination team in the project planning stage. Relevant contacts are included in timeseries metadata. For site information and timeseries plots see https://urban-plumber.github.io/sites. For processing code see https://github.com/matlipson/urban-plumber_pipeline. Within each site folder: - `index.html`: A summary page with site characteristics and timeseries plots. - `SITENAME_sitedata_vX.csv`: comma seperated file for numerical site characteristics e.g. location, surface cover fraction etc. - `timeseries/` (following files available as netCDF and txt) - `SITENAME_raw_observations_vX`: site observed timeseries before project-wide quality control. - `SITENAME_clean_observations_vX`: site observed timeseries after project-wide quality control. - `SITENAME_metforcing_vX`: site observed timeseries after project-wide quality control and gap filling. - `SITENAME_era5_corrected_vX`: site ERA5 surface data (1990-2020) with bias corrections as applied in the final dataset. - `log_processing_SITENAME_vX.txt`: a log of the print statements through running the create_dataset_SITENAME scripts. Authors Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Andreas Christen, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Bert Heusinkveld, Erik Velasco, Helen Claire Ward, Hirofumi Sugawara, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Jonathan Evans, Joseph McFadden, Keunmin Lee, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Leena Järvi, Matthias Roth, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Nigel Tapper, Oliver Michels, Simone Kotthaus, Stevan Earl, Sungsoo Jo, Valéry Masson, Winston Chow, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Yeon-Hee Kim. Corresponding author: Mathew Lipson <m.lipson@unsw.edu.au>

Artículos en revistas Islands are facing considerable challenges in meeting their energy needs in a sustainable, affordable and reliable way. The present paper develops an integrated approach to economically assess initiatives that can transform island power systems into smart ones. Single and multi-action initiatives fostering the deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), energy storage systems (ESS), demand-side management (DSM), and electric vehicle (EV) are considered. An hourly unit commitment on a weekly basis is proposed to assess the impact of the initiatives on the system operation costs of five prototype island power systems, which have been identified by applying clustering techniques to a set of sixty islands power systems. The different investment costs of the initiatives are accounted for determining their corresponding internal rate of return (IRR) through their lifetime. The economic assessment of single and multi-action initiatives for five prototype islands representing sixty island power systems quantifies which initiatives are most suitable for which type of island power system. The assessment shows that islands of different sizes and features require different initiatives. Larger islands tend to DSM initiatives, whereas smaller islands tend to RES initiatives. Multi-action initiatives achieve highest system operation cost reduction, whereas single action initiatives yield to highest IRR. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

GDI injection systems have become dominant in passenger cars due to their flexibility in managing and advantages in the fuel economy. With the increasingly stringent emissions regulations and concurrent requirements for enhanced engine thermal efficiency, a comprehensive characterization of the fuel spray behavior has become essential. Different engine loads produce in a variety of fuel supplying conditions that affect the air/fuel mixture preparation and influence the efficiency and pollutant production. The flash boiling is a particular state that occurs for peculiar thermodynamic conditions of the engine. It could strongly influence the mixture in subatmospheric environments with detrimental effects on emissions. In order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the flash boiling phenomena, it is necessary to study the parameters influencing the mixture formation and their appearance in diverse engine conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the ambient pressure and temperature on the morphology of a multi-jet spray operating in flash boiling status using a Gasoline Direct Injection setup. An eight-hole, GDI injector from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), was investigated under flashing and non-flashing conditions. The experiments were performed in an opticallyaccessible, constant-volume vessel at engine-like conditions. A hybrid optical setup, Z-type schlieren and Mie scattering, using a high-speed C-Mos camera allowed the quasi-simultaneous acquisition of both the vapor and the liquid phases. A customized image-processing procedure, developed in Matlab environment, was used to outline the contours of both the fuel phases. Different morphologies of the fuel spray were studied as function of the injection pressure, the fuel temperature, and the backpressure in the vessel, through the measurement of the axial penetration and cone angle

ct_max_assessment.csv contains data on the assessment of CTmax on control and selected replicate lines FTLs_assessment.csv contains data on the assessment of male fertility and sterility on control and selected replicate lines extinction_data/csv contains data on the average extinction, no pupae and decline temperatures for replicate lines for each species traits.csv contains data on all traits assessed and environmental variables for each species

<p>The data included in the repository are the responses of the experts group for the risks identification and risks assessment of a photovoltaic construction project of 250 MW located in Murcia, Spain. </p> <p>The experts were selected from professionals who have collaborated on the processing, design, and construction of photovoltaic solar plants, with the aim of covering as many profiles as possible involved in the development of such plants. A total of 15 experts were recruited with the following profiles:</p> <ul><li>E1: Developer of photovoltaic solar plants, with a 15 MW portfolio of completed projects</li> <li>E2: Project Manager, with a portfolio of designed and developed projects exceeding 500 MW worldwide.</li> <li>E3: CEO of a multinational company with 14 years of experience in the sector and more than 2 GW of developed projects.</li> <li>E4: Construction Manager of solar photovoltaic plants, with more than 10 years of experience in the sector.</li> <li>E5: O & M Manager of a multinational company with a portfolio of over 2 GW.</li> <li>E6: Project Finance manager in a multinational company, with more than 14 years of experience in the promotion and development of photovoltaic solar plants.</li> <li>E7: Supervisor in the construction of renewable energy projects — both wind and photovoltaic — with 12 years of experience in the sector.</li> <li>E8: Project Manager, with over 300 MW of developed projects worldwide.</li> <li>E9: Industrial Engineer and expert in design and construction of energy evacuation infrastructures in photovoltaic solar plants, with more than 30 years experience in the design of electrical infrastructures.</li> <li>E10: Inspector-Verifier of electrical installations, with 4 years of experience in the sector.</li> <li>E11: Professional Project Manager and expert in the construction of large electric power generation infrastructures.</li> <li>E12: Project Manager, with a portfolio of projects exceeding 50 MW, designed and constructed in Spain.</li> <li>E13: Forestry Engineer and Public Administration technician responsible for the environmental evaluation of projects.</li> <li>E14: Project Manager, with a portfolio of projects exceeding 20 MW, designed and constructed in Spain.</li> <li>E15: Construction Manager of solar photovoltaic plants and solar thermal plants, with more than 12 years of experience in the sector.</li></ul> <o>All the experts confirmed their acceptance and gave their verbal consent to complete the questionnaire. Experts E4, E8 and E14 declined to complete the questionnaire due to lack of time. The other 12 experts are those included in the present study. </p> <p>The surveys responses by the 12 members of the assessment panel experts contain their views on the 55 risks identified in terms of risk impact and risk probability, as well as their opinions in the pair-wise comparison of risks from the point of view of its influence on the scope, cost and project time.</p> Expert responses are provided in the original Excel (.xlsx) questionnaires to facilitate re-use and as PDF to facilitate easy viewing and ensure digital preservation. They are shared in the original Spanish as well as in English translation. Palisade @Risk, null

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling transduction pathway has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Different studies have demonstrated intracellular calcium (Ca(2+))-dependent activation of the PKA cascade after ethanol administration. Thus, the cAMP cascade mediator Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM) has been strongly implicated in the central effects of ethanol.In this study, we assessed the role of the CaM inhibitor W7 on ethanol-induced stimulation, ethanol intake, and ethanol-induced activation of PKA.Swiss mice were pretreated with W7 (0-10 mg/kg) 30 min before ethanol (0-3.75 g/kg) administration. Immediately, animals were placed during 20 min in an open-field chamber. Ethanol (10 %, v/v) intake in 2 h was assessed using a limited access paradigm. Experiments with caffeine (0-15 mg/kg), cocaine (0-4 mg/kg), and saccharine (0.1 %, w/v) were designed to compare their results to those obtained with ethanol. Western blot was assayed 45 min after ethanol administration.Results showed that pretreatment with W7, reduced selectively in a dose-dependent fashion ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and ethanol intake. The ethanol-induced activation of PKA was also prevented by W7 administration.These results demonstrate that CaM inhibition resulted in a selective reduction of ethanol-stimulating effects and ethanol intake. The PKA activation induced by ethanol was blocked after the CaM blockade with W7. These results provide further evidence of the key role of cellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways on the central effects of ethanol.

Giant reed (Arundo Donax L.) is a perennial, non-food and low-input energy crop representing a promising solution to produce renewable energy at low cost, especially in marginal areas - i.e. low profitable areas which are prone to land abandonment. This research investigates the effect of two levels of irrigation (100% ETm and rainfed) on a 20-year old plantation of 40 genotypes of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) collected around Southern Italy. The experimental methanogenic potential of the biomass was defined trough the BMP test (Biochemical Methane Potential). The trial shows that several genotypes maintain high biomass yield and thus high biomethane potential yield even from old plantations. The variability of biomass yield and biomethane potential yield among genotypes is high. Giant reed genotypes show a positive response to the irrigation, which represent the main limiting factor in Mediterranean environments. Proceedings of the 28th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 6-9 July 2020, Virtual, pp. 234-237

Coconut coir dust is finding broad application in the ornamental sector as peat substitute. However, deeper investigations are needed since its performances are variable and not always optimal for different plant species and growing conditions. The use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) in re-circulating nutrient solution appears a promising and sustainable strategy to enhance crop protection, decrease the use of sanitizers and pesticides, and increase yield and quality of ornamental productions. Nevertheless, only a few examples of NTP application on containerized crops under operational growing conditions are available, particularly in combination with different substrates and fertigation regimes. In this work the application of NTP was tested on the nutrient solution used for the production of Ranunculus asiaticus potted plants. The effect was assessed in growing plants using two substrates (both 50:50 v v-1): 1) peat:perlite, and 2) coconut coir dust:perlite, and with two levels of fertilization. Plants grown on coconut coir dust had lower total biomass and flower number. On the other hand, in terms of biomass and tissue nutrient content, R. asiaticus plants developeded better at lower nutrient concentration than at the standard nutrient solution. NTP treatment increased the green biomass while did not improve the flower production. NTP-based sanitizing effects on the root zone, where the number of colony-forming units of fungi was significantly reduced, were observed only in presence of the standard nutrient solution.

With concerns of energy shortages, China, like the United States, European Union, and other countries, is promoting the development of biofuels. However, China also faces high future demand for food and feed, and so its bioenergy program must try to strike a balance between food and fuel. The goals of this paper are to provide an overview of China's current bioethanol program, identify the potential for using marginal lands for feedstock production, and measure the likely impacts of China's bioethanol development on the nation's future food self-sufficiency. Our results indicate that the potential to use marginal land for bioethanol feedstock production is limited. Applying a modeling approach based on highly disaggregated data by region, our analysis shows that the target of 10 million t of bioethanol by 2020 seems to be a prudent target, causing no major disturbances in China's food security. But the expansion of bioethanol may increase environmental pressures due to the higher levels of fertilizer use. This study shows also that if China were able to cultivate 45% of its required bioethanol feedstock on new marginal land, it would further limit negative effects of the bioethanol program on the domestic and international economy, but at the expense of having to apply another 750 thousand t of fertilizer.