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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yaqi Zhang; orcid bw Xiangli Guan;
    Xiangli Guan
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Xiangli Guan in OpenAIRE
    orcid Md Zahir Ahmed;
    Md Zahir Ahmed
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Md Zahir Ahmed in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Mary C. Jobe;
    Mary C. Jobe
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    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Mary C. Jobe in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Enhancing academic engagement in university students can help enrich students’ educational experience. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources Model and the Job Demand-Resources Model, this study aims to explore the links between undergraduates’ achievement goal orientation and academic engagement (AE), by examining the mediating functions of perceived school climate (PSC) and academic self-efficacy (ASE). Using whole-group sampling, 571 Chinese undergraduates were selected using a self-reporting method to explore the impacts of mastery-approach goals (MAGs) and performance-avoidance goals (PAGs) on AE, as well as the chain mediating effects of PSC and ASE. The findings show that both MAGs and PAGs have a positive, direct, predictive effect on university students’ AE. Additionally, both goal orientations indirectly predict AE through PSC and ASE, separately. The results showed there was also a significant chain mediating effect of PSC and ASE, where for both goal orientations, AE was positively predicted. This study highlights the role of environmental as well as personal factors in facilitating self-regulated learning among university students, and it discusses implications for future research.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Sustainability
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sustainabilityarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sustainability
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Sumaya Ferdous; Md. Abdul Mottalib; Md. Abdul Goni; orcid Md. Abdulla-Al-Mamun;
    Md. Abdulla-Al-Mamun
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Md. Abdulla-Al-Mamun in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Extensive use of water in different industries particularly leather tanning has drawn attention in recent years. In this research, a new approach has been developed to reduce water consumption in the tanning industry. Four different experiments were carried out on raw goat skins by using various quantities of water which were much lower than the influx of water consumed in the conventional leather tanning processes. One control experiment was conducted in which the volume of water was used as 100% of the conventional method (37 m3/ton) in every step of leather processing. The experiments showed a reduction of 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% in water consumption respectively from the control method used in the processing of raw leathers. The resulting goat leathers were examined with various physical tests such as tensile strength, percentage of elongation, stitch, tongue tear strengths etc. The results showed the presence of all significant qualities. The processed leathers were thermally stable and exhibited percentages of elongations in the range of 40.94% to 50.85% which were considerably higher than those (38.1%) observed with the conventional method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies confirmed identical morphological and structural characteristics of all processed leathers. These methods of leather processing are environmentally friendly and suitable for large-scale industrial production. Efficient reduction of water use in raw leather processing may significantly decrease the toxic liquid waste and tannery pollution.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Textile & Leathe...arrow_drop_down
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    Textile & Leather Review
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Textile & Leather Review
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Textile & Leathe...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Textile & Leather Review
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Textile & Leather Review
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Émile Faye;
    Émile Faye
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    Émile Faye in OpenAIRE
    orcid Mario Herrera;
    Mario Herrera
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    Mario Herrera in OpenAIRE
    Lucio Bellomo; orcid bw Jean‐François Silvain;
    Jean‐François Silvain
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    Jean‐François Silvain in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Combler le fossé entre les prévisions des modèles climatiques à échelle grossière et la réalité climatique à échelle fine des espèces est un enjeu clé de la recherche en biologie du changement climatique. Bien qu'il soit maintenant bien connu que la plupart des organismes ne connaissent pas les conditions climatiques enregistrées dans les stations météorologiques, il existe peu d'informations sur les écarts entre les microclimats et les températures interpolées mondiales utilisées dans les modèles de répartition des espèces, et leurs conséquences sur les performances des organismes. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons examiné l'hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle à échelle fine des températures de l'air, du couvert végétal et du sol des paysages agricoles des Andes équatoriennes et les avons comparés aux prévisions des grilles climatiques interpolées mondiales. Des séries temporelles de températures ont été mesurées dans l'air, la canopée et le sol pour 108 localités à trois altitudes et analysées à l'aide de la transformée de Fourier. Les écarts entre les températures locales et les grilles interpolées mondiales et leurs implications pour la performance des ravageurs ont ensuite été cartographiés et analysés à l'aide de la boîte à outils statistique SIG. Nos résultats ont montré que les prévisions globales interpolées surestiment de 77,5±10 % et sous-estiment de 82,1±12 % les températures locales minimales et maximales de l'air enregistrées dans la grille étudiée. Des modifications supplémentaires de la température de l'air local étaient dues au tamponnage thermique du couvert végétal (de − 2,7°K pendant la journée à 1,3°K pendant la nuit) et des sols (de −4,9°K pendant la journée à 6,7°K pendant la nuit) avec un effet significatif de la phénologie des cultures sur l'effet tampon. Ces écarts entre les températures interpolées et locales ont fortement affecté les prévisions de la performance d'un ravageur ectothermique des cultures, car les températures interpolées prédisaient des taux de croissance des ravageurs 2,3 à 4,3 fois inférieurs à ceux prédits par les températures locales. Cette étude fournit des informations quantitatives sur la limitation des données climatiques à échelle grossière pour capturer la réalité de l'environnement climatique vécu par les organismes vivants. Dans les régions très hétérogènes telles que les montagnes tropicales, il convient donc de faire preuve de prudence lors de l'utilisation de modèles mondiaux pour déduire des processus biologiques à l'échelle locale. Cerrar la brecha entre las predicciones de los modelos climáticos a escala gruesa y la realidad climática a escala fina de las especies es un tema clave de la investigación en biología del cambio climático. Si bien ahora es bien sabido que la mayoría de los organismos no experimentan las condiciones climáticas registradas en las estaciones meteorológicas, hay poca información sobre las discrepancias entre los microclimas y las temperaturas globales interpoladas utilizadas en los modelos de distribución de especies, y sus consecuencias para el rendimiento de los organismos. Para abordar este problema, examinamos la heterogeneidad espaciotemporal a escala fina en las temperaturas del aire, el dosel de los cultivos y el suelo de los paisajes agrícolas en los Andes ecuatorianos y los comparamos con las predicciones de las redes climáticas interpoladas globales. Las series temporales de temperatura se midieron en aire, dosel y suelo para 108 localidades a tres altitudes y se analizaron mediante la transformada de Fourier. Las discrepancias entre las temperaturas locales frente a las redes interpoladas globales y sus implicaciones para el rendimiento de las plagas se mapearon y analizaron utilizando una caja de herramientas estadísticas SIG. Nuestros resultados mostraron que las predicciones interpoladas globales sobreestiman en un 77.5±10% y subestiman en un 82.1±12% las temperaturas mínimas y máximas locales del aire registradas en la cuadrícula estudiada. Las modificaciones adicionales de las temperaturas locales del aire se debieron al amortiguamiento térmico de las copas de las plantas (de -2,7 ° K durante el día a 1,3 ° K durante la noche) y los suelos (de -4,9 ° K durante el día a 6,7 ° K durante la noche) con un efecto significativo de la fenología de los cultivos en el efecto amortiguador. Estas discrepancias entre las temperaturas interpoladas y locales afectaron fuertemente las predicciones del rendimiento de una plaga de cultivo ectotérmico, ya que las temperaturas interpoladas predijeron tasas de crecimiento de plagas 2.3–4.3 veces más bajas que las predichas por las temperaturas locales. Este estudio proporciona información cuantitativa sobre la limitación de los datos climáticos a escala aproximada para capturar la realidad del entorno climático experimentado por los organismos vivos. Por lo tanto, en regiones altamente heterogéneas como las montañas tropicales, se debe tener precaución al utilizar modelos globales para inferir procesos biológicos a escala local. Bridging the gap between the predictions of coarse-scale climate models and the fine-scale climatic reality of species is a key issue of climate change biology research. While it is now well known that most organisms do not experience the climatic conditions recorded at weather stations, there is little information on the discrepancies between microclimates and global interpolated temperatures used in species distribution models, and their consequences for organisms' performance. To address this issue, we examined the fine-scale spatiotemporal heterogeneity in air, crop canopy and soil temperatures of agricultural landscapes in the Ecuadorian Andes and compared them to predictions of global interpolated climatic grids. Temperature time-series were measured in air, canopy and soil for 108 localities at three altitudes and analysed using Fourier transform. Discrepancies between local temperatures vs. global interpolated grids and their implications for pest performance were then mapped and analysed using GIS statistical toolbox. Our results showed that global interpolated predictions over-estimate by 77.5±10% and under-estimate by 82.1±12% local minimum and maximum air temperatures recorded in the studied grid. Additional modifications of local air temperatures were due to the thermal buffering of plant canopies (from −2.7°K during daytime to 1.3°K during night-time) and soils (from −4.9°K during daytime to 6.7°K during night-time) with a significant effect of crop phenology on the buffer effect. This discrepancies between interpolated and local temperatures strongly affected predictions of the performance of an ectothermic crop pest as interpolated temperatures predicted pest growth rates 2.3–4.3 times lower than those predicted by local temperatures. This study provides quantitative information on the limitation of coarse-scale climate data to capture the reality of the climatic environment experienced by living organisms. In highly heterogeneous region such as tropical mountains, caution should therefore be taken when using global models to infer local-scale biological processes. يعد سد الفجوة بين تنبؤات النماذج المناخية ذات النطاق الخشن والواقع المناخي الدقيق للأنواع قضية رئيسية في أبحاث البيولوجيا المتعلقة بتغير المناخ. في حين أنه من المعروف الآن أن معظم الكائنات الحية لا تعاني من الظروف المناخية المسجلة في محطات الطقس، إلا أن هناك القليل من المعلومات حول التناقضات بين المناخات الدقيقة ودرجات الحرارة العالمية المستكملة المستخدمة في نماذج توزيع الأنواع، وعواقبها على أداء الكائنات الحية. لمعالجة هذه المشكلة، قمنا بفحص عدم التجانس الزماني المكاني الدقيق في الهواء ومظلة المحاصيل ودرجات حرارة التربة للمناظر الطبيعية الزراعية في جبال الأنديز الإكوادورية وقارناها بتنبؤات الشبكات المناخية العالمية المستكملة. تم قياس السلاسل الزمنية لدرجة الحرارة في الهواء والمظلة والتربة لـ 108 موقعًا على ثلاثة ارتفاعات وتم تحليلها باستخدام تحويل فورييه. ثم تم رسم خرائط التناقضات بين درجات الحرارة المحلية مقابل الشبكات العالمية المستكملة وآثارها على أداء الآفات وتحليلها باستخدام مجموعة الأدوات الإحصائية لنظم المعلومات الجغرافية. أظهرت نتائجنا أن التنبؤات العالمية المستكملة تزيد عن التقديرات بنسبة 77.5±10 ٪ وتقل عن التقديرات بنسبة 82.1±12 ٪ من الحد الأدنى المحلي والحد الأقصى لدرجات حرارة الهواء المسجلة في الشبكة المدروسة. كانت التعديلات الإضافية في درجات حرارة الهواء المحلية بسبب التخزين المؤقت الحراري لمظلات النباتات (من - 2.7 درجة كلفن خلال النهار إلى 1.3 درجة كلفن خلال الليل) والتربة (من - 4.9 درجة كلفن خلال النهار إلى 6.7 درجة كلفن خلال الليل) مع تأثير كبير لظاهرة المحاصيل على تأثير العازل. أثرت هذه التناقضات بين درجات الحرارة المستكملة والمحلية بشدة على التنبؤات بأداء آفة المحاصيل خارجة الحرارة حيث تنبأت درجات الحرارة المستكملة بمعدلات نمو الآفات 2.3–4.3 مرة أقل من تلك التي تنبأت بها درجات الحرارة المحلية. توفر هذه الدراسة معلومات كمية عن محدودية البيانات المناخية ذات النطاق الخشن لالتقاط واقع البيئة المناخية التي تعاني منها الكائنات الحية. في المناطق غير المتجانسة للغاية مثل الجبال الاستوائية، يجب توخي الحذر عند استخدام النماذج العالمية لاستنتاج العمليات البيولوجية على المستوى المحلي.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institut national de...arrow_drop_down
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    PLoS ONE
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      Article . 2015
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      Article . 2014
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/aq...
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    Authors: orcid Kostiantyn Bezruchko;
    Kostiantyn Bezruchko
    ORCID
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    Kostiantyn Bezruchko in OpenAIRE
    orcid Natalia Diachenko;
    Natalia Diachenko
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Natalia Diachenko in OpenAIRE
    Anna Diachenko;

    The article presents analysis results in the reconstruction of the tectonic conditions dynamics for the formation of local plicative deformations and rupturing under conditions of the research both the macrostructure and its local separation using the example of the southwestern area of Kalmius-Toretska kettle-hole in the Donetsk basin. Authors applied the scientific cognition method, representing a sequence of actions to establish structural links between variables and constant elements of the Investigational tectonic system, based on statistical and mathematical methods of analysis. The characteristics of the anticlinal structure formation in the studied area - fields of the “Butivska” mine were obtained. It was revealed that the initial horizontal attitude of rocks of the studied area was changed by a monoclinal attitude with a north-western dip and a north-east strike. Afterwards, under the conditions of tectonic near latitudinal compression and near meridional tension, anticlinal folding was formed. Then, under the influence of shear fields when the deformation mode was enhanced, a compression duplex was formed within which local echelon folding and fracture was formed - Oktiabrskyi fault #1.

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    E3S Web of Conferences
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Latorre, Sara;

    Se propone elabora un camino hacia la sostenibilidad de FLACSO; ya que la Institución, no solo es un centro de formación, sino que se podría considerar un modelo de “micro ciudad” donde cada día se consume energía, agua, alimentos, se generan residuos, etc-. Para ello, realizamos un diagnóstico centrándonos en los flujos de agua, residuos, movilidad, y energía, así mismo recogimos la opinión de todo el personal de la FLACSO mediante la aplicación de encuestas. Una vez sistematizada toda la información, procedimos a la fase de formulación de propuestas y su implementación.

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    Authors: Md. Abdul Alim; Salma Parvin; orcid Rehena Nasrin;
    Rehena Nasrin
    ORCID
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    Rehena Nasrin in OpenAIRE

    AbstractNumerical study of the influence of Prandtl number on free convection flow phenomena in a solar collector having glass cover plate and sinusoidal absorber is done. The working fluid is water-Al2O3 nanofluid. The cover plate has initially constant temperature Th, while bottom absorber is at temperature Tc, with Th > Tc. The remaining walls are considered adiabatic. By Penalty Finite Element Method the governing differential equations with boundary conditions are solved. The effect of the Prandtl number on the flow pattern and heat transfer has been depicted. Comprehensive average Nusselt number, average temperature and mean velocity inside the collector are presented as a function of the governing parameter mentioned above. The highest Pr causes the greatest heat transfer. The enhancing performance of heat transfer rate is more effective for the water-Al2O3 nanofluid than the base fluid.

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    Procedia Engineering
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Procedia Engineering
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    Authors: orcid Rafael Alvarado;
    Rafael Alvarado
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    Rafael Alvarado in OpenAIRE
    orcid Pablo Ponce;
    Pablo Ponce
    ORCID
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    Pablo Ponce in OpenAIRE
    Raquel Alvarado; Katerine Ponce; +2 Authors

    The use of renewable energy in Latin America has increased significantly in recent years as a result of social pressure due to the negative effects generated by the use of polluting energy. However, there is still limited empirical evidence on the effect of clean energy on the output. The objective of this research is to examine the causal link among the growth rates of sustainable energy consumption, non-sustainable energy and the real per capita output in Latin America, a region with a high potential to generate clean energy. We used Pedroni (1999) and Westerlund (2007) cointegration techniques, and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test to evaluate the relationship among the variables. In order to evaluate the strength of the cointegration vector, we applied the dynamic ordinary least squares for individual countries and the panel dynamic ordinary least squares model for country groups. We find robust empirical evidence that suggests that the growth rate of renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy and the rate of growth of real per capita output have a short-term and long-term equilibrium relationship. The force of the cointegration vector among the output and the renewable energy is more forceful in the countries of medium-high and medium-low incomes. The cointegration vector among the output and non-renewable energy is stronger in high-income countries. The results of the causality test suggest that renewable energy and the real per capita output have a bidirectional relationship in low-middle income countries. The output causes renewable energy in all groups of countries. Likewise, there is a unidirectional causality from the real per capita output towards non-renewable energy. One possible policy implication derived from this research is that high-income countries in the region should look for alternative sources of energy to achieve sustainable growth, and medium-high and medium-low income countries should encourage the use of energy clean, which does not limit the economic growth. Keywords: Energy. output. Cointegration. Causality. Panel data. Latin America, JEL classification: F43, P28, C23

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    Energy Strategy Reviews
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Strategy Reviews
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      Energy Strategy Reviews
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Bravo Ávalos María Belén; Mancheno Herrera Carlos Andrés; Arboleda Álvarez Luis Fernando;

    Food safety has gained great importance in recent years. Food marketing has significantly influenced the eating habits of our society, which proves the importance of real-time and authentic communication. As a result of it, an urgent need has arisen in the food industry to find substitutes for additives that can potentially cause toxic or allergic reactions in humans. In addition, the so-called “functional foods” have introduced new trends in the demand and production of foods. One such trend has been the substitution of artificial colorants with beta-carotene – a natural colorant with a strong pigmenting power. However, many countries including Ecuador have still not been able to exploit this colorant at industrial levels as a total substitute for artificial colorants. Therefore, this analytical study concludes that an assertive communication is relevant for the industry, as investigated in this practical case. Keywords: communication, food industry, beta-carotene, economic impact. RESUMEN La seguridad alimenticia en los últimos años ha marcado gran importancia dentro de esta industria, el marketing ha influenciado notablemente en el estilo alimenticio de la sociedad, la comunicación real y adecuada en el momento exacto es lo que hace falta y de ahí nace la necesidad de encontrar sustitutos para algunos aditivos que han sido potencialmente tóxicos o alérgenos en el ser humano, sumado a esto que los alimentos funcionales marcan nuevas tendencias de demanda y producción, entre ellos los que tienen propiedades antioxidantes como es el caso del betacaroteno, un colorante natural que posee un notorio poder pigméntate que sin embargo no ha podido ser explotado a niveles industriales como sustituto total de colorantes artificiales, en diferentes partes del mundo incluido Ecuador, la presente investigación se realiza de forma analítica, concluyendo que es relevante una asertiva comunicación para la industria como lo investigado dentro de este caso práctico. Palabras Clave: comunicación, industria alimentaria, beta-caroteno, impacto económico.

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    ESPOCH Congresses The Ecuadorian Journal of S T E A M
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    Authors: orcid Afrin Jahan Mila;
    Afrin Jahan Mila
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    orcid M. Hossain Ali;
    M. Hossain Ali
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    Abdur Akanda; orcid bw Md. Harun Rashid;
    Md. Harun Rashid
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    Md. Harun Rashid in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Des expériences sur le terrain ont été menées à deux endroits (un sur un sol normal, BARI Gazipur et un autre sur un sol salin, ARS, Benarpota, Satkhira) pendant deux années consécutives (2014 et 2015) pour étudier les effets de l'irrigation déficitaire (DI) sur le rendement, la productivité de l'eau et l'économie sur la production de tournesol. La conception était RCB et les traitements d'irrigation étaient : FI-100 (T1), DI-80 (T2) et DI-60 (T3) aux stades végétatif, pré-floraison et de tête, FI-100 (T4), DI-80 (T5) et DI-60 (T6) aux stades végétatif et pré-floraison, et FI-100 (T7), DI-80 (T8) et DI-60 (T9) aux stades végétatif et de tête. Les résultats ont indiqué que les traitements par DI réduisaient considérablement les paramètres de croissance des plantes (couverture de la canopée et biomasse à l'exception de la densité de la longueur des racines), les attributs de rendement et le rendement en graines par rapport à l'irrigation complète (FI) (T1). L'étape de pré-floraison était l'étape critique de l'ID. Le DI-60 aux stades végétatif et pré-floraison (T6) a produit des rendements en graines de 2,18 et 2,53 t ha−1 en économisant 68,15 et 54,75 % d'eau aux sols normaux et salins. Ce traitement (T6) a également donné la productivité de l'eau, la productivité de l'eau d'irrigation et le rendement financier net les plus élevés. Les résultats seront utiles pour prendre des décisions politiques concernant l'irrigation efficace et la gestion de l'eau dans une situation de pénurie d'eau. Se realizaron experimentos de campo en dos ubicaciones (una en suelo normal, BARI Gazipur y otra en suelo salino, ARS, Benarpota, Satkhira) durante dos años consecutivos (2014 y 2015) para estudiar los efectos del riego deficitario (DI) en el rendimiento, la productividad del agua y la economía en la producción de girasol. El diseño fue RCB y los tratamientos de riego fueron: FI-100 (T1), DI-80 (T2) y DI-60 (T3) en las etapas vegetativa, pre-floración y rumbo, FI-100 (T4), DI-80 (T5) y DI-60 (T6) en las etapas vegetativa y pre-floración, y FI-100 (T7), DI-80 (T8) y DI-60 (T9) en las etapas vegetativa y de rumbo. Los resultados indicaron que los tratamientos DI redujeron significativamente los parámetros de crecimiento de las plantas (cobertura del dosel y biomasa excepto la densidad de longitud de la raíz), los atributos de rendimiento y el rendimiento de las semillas en comparación con el riego completo (FI) (T1). La etapa previa a la floración era la etapa crítica para la DI. DI-60 en las etapas vegetativa y pre-floración (T6) produjo 2.18 y 2.53 t ha−1 de rendimiento de semillas al ahorrar 68.15 y 54.75% de agua en suelo normal y en suelo salino. Este tratamiento (T6) también proporcionó la mayor productividad de agua, productividad de agua de riego y rendimiento financiero neto. Los resultados serán útiles para tomar decisiones políticas con respecto al riego eficiente y la gestión del agua en la situación actual de escasez de agua. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (one at normal soil, BARI Gazipur and another at saline soil, ARS, Benarpota, Satkhira) during two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) to study the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield, water productivity and economics on sunflower production. Design was RCB and irrigation treatments were: FI-100 (T1), DI-80 (T2) and DI-60 (T3) at vegetative, pre-flowering and heading stages, FI-100 (T4), DI-80 (T5) and DI-60 (T6) at vegetative and pre-flowering stages, and FI-100 (T7), DI-80 (T8) and DI-60 (T9) at vegetative and heading stages. Results indicated that DI treatments significantly reduced plant growth parameters (canopy coverage, and biomass except root length density), yield attributes and seed yield compared to full irrigation (FI) (T1). Pre-flowering stage was the critical stage to DI. DI-60 at vegetative and pre-flowering stages (T6) produced 2.18 and 2.53 t ha−1 seed yields by saving 68.15 and 54.75% water at normal and at saline soil. This treatment (T6) also gave the highest water productivity, irrigation water productivity, and net financial return. The results will be helpful for taking policy decision regarding efficient irrigation and water management under prevailing water scarce situation. أجريت تجارب ميدانية في موقعين (أحدهما في التربة العادية، باري غازيبور والآخر في التربة المالحة، آرس، بيناربوتا، ساتخيرا) خلال عامين متتاليين (2014 و 2015) لدراسة آثار الري بالعجز (DI) على الغلة وإنتاجية المياه والاقتصاد على إنتاج عباد الشمس. كان التصميم عبارة عن RCB ومعالجات الري هي: FI -100 (T1) و DI -80 (T2) و DI -60 (T3) في المراحل النباتية وقبل الإزهار والتوجه، FI -100 (T4) و DI -80 (T5) و DI -60 (T6) في المراحل النباتية وقبل الإزهار، و FI -100 (T7) و DI -80 (T8) و DI -60 (T9) في المراحل النباتية والتوجه. أشارت النتائج إلى أن معالجات DI قللت بشكل كبير من معلمات نمو النبات (تغطية المظلة، والكتلة الحيوية باستثناء كثافة طول الجذر)، وسمات الغلة ومحصول البذور مقارنة بالري الكامل (FI) (T1). كانت مرحلة ما قبل الإزهار هي المرحلة الحرجة بالنسبة لـ DI. أنتج DI -60 في المراحل النباتية ومراحل ما قبل الإزهار (T6) 2.18 و 2.53 طن هكتار-1 من غلة البذور عن طريق توفير 68.15 و 54.75 ٪ من المياه في التربة العادية والمالحة. كما أعطت هذه المعالجة (T6) أعلى إنتاجية للمياه وإنتاجية مياه الري وصافي العائد المالي. ستكون النتائج مفيدة لاتخاذ قرار سياسي بشأن الري الفعال وإدارة المياه في ظل حالة ندرة المياه السائدة.

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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
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  • Authors: Jeréz Mayorga, Daniela Alexandra; Puente Moromenacho, EdwIN Giovanny; Ayala Ortiz, Edison Andrés; Guarnizo Crespo, Steve Freddy; +33 Authors

    La calidad del aire en el mundo se ve afectada por las emisiones del parque automotor donde el principal combustible para su funcionamiento sigue siendo los derivados del petróleo, la gasolina y el diésel, según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) hasta el año 2015 fueron matriculados 1 925 368 vehículos en el Ecuador y cuyas emisiones de gases está deteriorando la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Entre los daños causados por los gases provenientes de los residuos de la combustión destacan el calentamiento global, daño a la capa de ozono y daño a la salud de los seres vivos. En los últimos cien años los vehículos autopropulsados por medio de un motor de combustión interna (MCI) han dominado la industria de la transportación, hoy en día los esfuerzos por reducir los niveles de contaminación han dado paso a que los fabricantes de vehículos investiguen sobre una nueva alternativa de transportación y de combustibles alternativos, que sean eficientes y reduzcan la emisión de gases contaminantes. Los combustibles alternativos no contaminan el medio ambiente cuando se los fabrica ni cuando se los utiliza, como lo hacen los combustibles fósiles, otro combustible es a base del hidrógeno los cuales utilizan celdas electroquímicas como fuente de energía y que no tienen emisiones de carbono. La electricidad también paso a ser una fuente de energía para los vehículos la cual proviene de baterías que convierten la energía química en electricidad. Actualmente se ha dado paso a los vehículos eléctricos en especial a los denominados vehículos eléctricos híbridos HEV por sus siglas en inglés (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) cuya principal fuente de energía para su desplazamiento es un motor eléctrico el cual se complementa a un MCI, los vehículos híbridos están identificados como una solución interina, por lo pronto la más viable, fundamentalmente para resolver los problemas asociados con los vehículos propulsados por un MCI. El MCI de un vehículo híbrido produce menos emisiones de gases contaminantes comparado con un vehículo convencional de similares características debido a que el motor es un poco más pequeño y no es utilizado directamente para propulsión del vehículo.

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