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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nahid Sultana; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Rasheda Khanam; Zobaidul Kabir;

    This paper explores the impacts of informal economic activities and institutional capacity, particularly, corruption control on the environmental quality degradation of emerging economies under the prevailing socio-economic conditions and energy use patterns of the countries. The study utilizes key environmental degradation indicators: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, ecological footprints (EFs), and Nitrous Oxide (NO) emissions, and a panel dataset of 15 emerging countries for the period 2002-2019 to undertake an empirical investigation. The pooled mean group (PMG)-ARDL estimator, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) methods have been applied as empirical investigation techniques. The empirical findings reveal that in the long-run informal economic activities positively affect the environmental quality with fewer recorded emissions of CO2 and EFs while these activities affect negatively to NO emissions. This study has also found that corruption control improves environmental quality by reducing EFs and NO emissions but works to the opposite by increasing recorded CO2 emissions. An increase in economic growth and renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality in emerging countries, while consumption of non-renewable energy degrades the environmental quality. The robust empirical findings advocate policy initiatives for intense monitoring of informal activities and implementation of indirect tax policy to regulate informal activities and the pollution they cause. Careful measures of corruption control and initiatives to bring the informal economic activities into a formal framework are suggested to reduce CO2 and NO emissions. An increase in economic growth with more focus on renewables and phasing out non-renewables can ensure green growth in emerging countries.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Southe...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Heliyon
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Heliyon
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Southe...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Heliyon
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Heliyon
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nahid Sultana; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Rasheda Khanam; Zobaidul Kabir;

    This paper explores the impacts of informal economic activities and institutional capacity, particularly, corruption control on the environmental quality degradation of emerging economies under the prevailing socio-economic conditions and energy use patterns of the countries. The study utilizes key environmental degradation indicators: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, ecological footprints (EFs), and Nitrous Oxide (NO) emissions, and a panel dataset of 15 emerging countries for the period 2002-2019 to undertake an empirical investigation. The pooled mean group (PMG)-ARDL estimator, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) methods have been applied as empirical investigation techniques. The empirical findings reveal that in the long-run informal economic activities positively affect the environmental quality with fewer recorded emissions of CO2 and EFs while these activities affect negatively to NO emissions. This study has also found that corruption control improves environmental quality by reducing EFs and NO emissions but works to the opposite by increasing recorded CO2 emissions. An increase in economic growth and renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality in emerging countries, while consumption of non-renewable energy degrades the environmental quality. The robust empirical findings advocate policy initiatives for intense monitoring of informal activities and implementation of indirect tax policy to regulate informal activities and the pollution they cause. Careful measures of corruption control and initiatives to bring the informal economic activities into a formal framework are suggested to reduce CO2 and NO emissions. An increase in economic growth with more focus on renewables and phasing out non-renewables can ensure green growth in emerging countries.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Southe...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Heliyon
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Heliyon
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Southe...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Heliyon
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Heliyon
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Md. Saifullah Bin Aziz; Neaz A. Hasan; Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol; Md. Mehedi Alam; +1 Authors

    Cette étude évalue les changements dans la diversité des espèces de poissons au fil du temps à Hakaluki Haor, une zone humide écologiquement critique au Bangladesh, et les facteurs affectant cette diversité. Les données sur la diversité des espèces de poissons ont été recueillies auprès des pêcheurs à l'aide d'outils d'évaluation rurale participative et le changement dans la diversité des espèces de poissons a été déterminé à l'aide des indices de richesse de Shannon-Wiener, de Margalef et de Evenness de Pielou. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a été menée avec un ensemble de données de 150 pêcheurs pour caractériser les principaux facteurs responsables de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons. Sur 63 espèces de poissons, 83 % se trouvaient dans la catégorie disponible en 2008, qui est tombée à 51 % en 2018. Les indices de diversité des espèces de poissons pour les 12 ordres taxonomiques en 2008 ont considérablement diminué en 2018. Le premier PCA (changement climatique) responsable de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons expliquait 24,05 % de la variance et se composait de précipitations erratiques (coefficient de corrélation positif 0,680), de fortes précipitations (−0,544), de fluctuations de température (0,561) et d'envasement du beel (0,503). Le deuxième PCA était l'activité anthropique, y compris l'utilisation d'engins de pêche nocifs (0,702), l'application d'urée pour récolter le poisson (0,673), le séchage annuel des haricots (0,531) et la surpêche (0,513). Enfin, le troisième PCA a été chargé avec l'âge des pêcheurs (0,719), l'éducation (−0,767) et l'expérience de pêche (0,695) des pêcheurs. L'approfondissement des bettes pourrait améliorer la disponibilité de l'eau en saison sèche et abriter les poissons. Imposer des règlements de pêche pour réduire les activités humaines est inévitable pour soutenir la pêche au haor. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la diversidad de especies de peces a lo largo del tiempo en Hakaluki Haor, un humedal ecológicamente crítico en Bangladesh, y los factores que afectan esta diversidad. Los datos de diversidad de especies de peces se recopilaron de los pescadores utilizando herramientas de evaluación rural participativa y el cambio en la diversidad de especies de peces se determinó utilizando los índices Shannon-Wiener, Margalef 's Richness y Pielou' s Evenness. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) se realizó con un conjunto de datos de 150 encuestas de pescadores para caracterizar los principales factores responsables de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces. De las 63 especies de peces, el 83% de ellas estaban bajo la categoría disponible en 2008, que disminuyó al 51% en 2018. Los índices de diversidad de especies de peces para los 12 órdenes taxonómicos en 2008 disminuyeron notablemente en 2018. El primer PCA (cambio climático) responsable de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces explicó el 24,05% de la varianza y consistió en precipitaciones erráticas (coeficiente de correlación positiva 0,680), precipitaciones intensas (-0,544), fluctuación de temperatura (0,561) y sedimentación de abeja (0,503). El segundo PCA fue la actividad antropogénica, incluido el uso de artes de pesca dañinos (0.702), la aplicación de urea para cosechar peces (0.673), el secado anual de las abejas (0.531) y la sobrepesca (0.513). Finalmente, el tercer PCA se cargó con la edad de los pescadores (0,719), la educación (-0,767) y la experiencia de pesca (0,695) de los pescadores. La profundización de los granos podría mejorar la disponibilidad de agua en la estación seca y proteger a los peces. La imposición de regulaciones pesqueras para reducir las actividades humanas es inevitable para mantener las pesquerías de Haor. This study evaluates changes in fish species diversity over time in Hakaluki Haor, an ecologically critical wetland in Bangladesh, and the factors affecting this diversity. Fish species diversity data were collected from fishers using participatory rural appraisal tools and the change in the fish species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener, Margalef's Richness and Pielou's Evenness indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with a dataset of 150 fishers survey to characterize the major factors responsible for the reduction of fish species diversity. Out of 63 fish species, 83% of them were under the available category in 2008 which decreased to 51% in 2018. Fish species diversity indices for all 12 taxonomic orders in 2008 declined remarkably in 2018. The first PCA (climatic change) responsible for the reduced fish species diversity explained 24.05% of the variance and consisted of erratic rainfall (positive correlation coefficient 0.680), heavy rainfall (−0.544), temperature fluctuation (0.561), and beel siltation (0.503). The second PCA was anthropogenic activity, including the use of harmful fishing gear (0.702), application of urea to harvest fish (0.673), drying beels annually (0.531), and overfishing (0.513). Finally, the third PCA was loaded with the fishermen age (0.719), education (−0.767), and fishing experience (0.695) of the fishers. Deepening of beels could enhance dry season water availability and shelter the fish. Imposing fisheries regulations to reduce human activities is inevitable to sustain haor fisheries. تقيّم هذه الدراسة التغيرات في تنوع أنواع الأسماك بمرور الوقت في هاكالوكي هاور، وهي أرض رطبة حرجة بيئيًا في بنغلاديش، والعوامل التي تؤثر على هذا التنوع. تم جمع بيانات تنوع أنواع الأسماك من الصيادين باستخدام أدوات التقييم الريفي التشاركي وتم تحديد التغيير في تنوع أنواع الأسماك باستخدام مؤشرات شانون وينر ومارجاليف للثراء وبييلو للتساوي. تم إجراء تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA) مع مجموعة بيانات من 150 دراسة استقصائية لصيادي الأسماك لتوصيف العوامل الرئيسية المسؤولة عن الحد من تنوع أنواع الأسماك. من بين 63 نوعًا من الأسماك، كان 83 ٪ منها ضمن الفئة المتاحة في عام 2008 والتي انخفضت إلى 51 ٪ في عام 2018. انخفضت مؤشرات تنوع أنواع الأسماك لجميع الرتب التصنيفية الاثني عشر في عام 2008 بشكل ملحوظ في عام 2018. أوضح أول PCA (تغير مناخي) مسؤول عن انخفاض تنوع أنواع الأسماك 24.05 ٪ من التباين وتألف من هطول الأمطار غير المنتظم (معامل الارتباط الإيجابي 0.680)، وهطول الأمطار الغزيرة (-0.544)، وتقلب درجة الحرارة (0.561)، وطمي الكعب (0.503). كان الأنيسول الخماسي الكلور الثاني هو النشاط البشري المنشأ، بما في ذلك استخدام معدات الصيد الضارة (0.702)، واستخدام اليوريا لصيد الأسماك (0.673)، وتجفيف اللحية سنويًا (0.531)، والصيد الجائر (0.513). أخيرًا، تم تحميل اتفاقية التعاون البرنامجي الثالثة بعمر الصيادين (0.719)، والتعليم (-0.767)، وخبرة الصيد (0.695) للصيادين. يمكن أن يؤدي تعميق البيلز إلى تعزيز توافر المياه في موسم الجفاف وحماية الأسماك. إن فرض لوائح مصايد الأسماك للحد من الأنشطة البشرية أمر لا مفر منه للحفاظ على مصايد الحور.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Heliyonarrow_drop_down
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Heliyon
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/p5...
    Other literature type . 2021
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/6z...
    Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Md. Saifullah Bin Aziz; Neaz A. Hasan; Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol; Md. Mehedi Alam; +1 Authors

    Cette étude évalue les changements dans la diversité des espèces de poissons au fil du temps à Hakaluki Haor, une zone humide écologiquement critique au Bangladesh, et les facteurs affectant cette diversité. Les données sur la diversité des espèces de poissons ont été recueillies auprès des pêcheurs à l'aide d'outils d'évaluation rurale participative et le changement dans la diversité des espèces de poissons a été déterminé à l'aide des indices de richesse de Shannon-Wiener, de Margalef et de Evenness de Pielou. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a été menée avec un ensemble de données de 150 pêcheurs pour caractériser les principaux facteurs responsables de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons. Sur 63 espèces de poissons, 83 % se trouvaient dans la catégorie disponible en 2008, qui est tombée à 51 % en 2018. Les indices de diversité des espèces de poissons pour les 12 ordres taxonomiques en 2008 ont considérablement diminué en 2018. Le premier PCA (changement climatique) responsable de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons expliquait 24,05 % de la variance et se composait de précipitations erratiques (coefficient de corrélation positif 0,680), de fortes précipitations (−0,544), de fluctuations de température (0,561) et d'envasement du beel (0,503). Le deuxième PCA était l'activité anthropique, y compris l'utilisation d'engins de pêche nocifs (0,702), l'application d'urée pour récolter le poisson (0,673), le séchage annuel des haricots (0,531) et la surpêche (0,513). Enfin, le troisième PCA a été chargé avec l'âge des pêcheurs (0,719), l'éducation (−0,767) et l'expérience de pêche (0,695) des pêcheurs. L'approfondissement des bettes pourrait améliorer la disponibilité de l'eau en saison sèche et abriter les poissons. Imposer des règlements de pêche pour réduire les activités humaines est inévitable pour soutenir la pêche au haor. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la diversidad de especies de peces a lo largo del tiempo en Hakaluki Haor, un humedal ecológicamente crítico en Bangladesh, y los factores que afectan esta diversidad. Los datos de diversidad de especies de peces se recopilaron de los pescadores utilizando herramientas de evaluación rural participativa y el cambio en la diversidad de especies de peces se determinó utilizando los índices Shannon-Wiener, Margalef 's Richness y Pielou' s Evenness. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) se realizó con un conjunto de datos de 150 encuestas de pescadores para caracterizar los principales factores responsables de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces. De las 63 especies de peces, el 83% de ellas estaban bajo la categoría disponible en 2008, que disminuyó al 51% en 2018. Los índices de diversidad de especies de peces para los 12 órdenes taxonómicos en 2008 disminuyeron notablemente en 2018. El primer PCA (cambio climático) responsable de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces explicó el 24,05% de la varianza y consistió en precipitaciones erráticas (coeficiente de correlación positiva 0,680), precipitaciones intensas (-0,544), fluctuación de temperatura (0,561) y sedimentación de abeja (0,503). El segundo PCA fue la actividad antropogénica, incluido el uso de artes de pesca dañinos (0.702), la aplicación de urea para cosechar peces (0.673), el secado anual de las abejas (0.531) y la sobrepesca (0.513). Finalmente, el tercer PCA se cargó con la edad de los pescadores (0,719), la educación (-0,767) y la experiencia de pesca (0,695) de los pescadores. La profundización de los granos podría mejorar la disponibilidad de agua en la estación seca y proteger a los peces. La imposición de regulaciones pesqueras para reducir las actividades humanas es inevitable para mantener las pesquerías de Haor. This study evaluates changes in fish species diversity over time in Hakaluki Haor, an ecologically critical wetland in Bangladesh, and the factors affecting this diversity. Fish species diversity data were collected from fishers using participatory rural appraisal tools and the change in the fish species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener, Margalef's Richness and Pielou's Evenness indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with a dataset of 150 fishers survey to characterize the major factors responsible for the reduction of fish species diversity. Out of 63 fish species, 83% of them were under the available category in 2008 which decreased to 51% in 2018. Fish species diversity indices for all 12 taxonomic orders in 2008 declined remarkably in 2018. The first PCA (climatic change) responsible for the reduced fish species diversity explained 24.05% of the variance and consisted of erratic rainfall (positive correlation coefficient 0.680), heavy rainfall (−0.544), temperature fluctuation (0.561), and beel siltation (0.503). The second PCA was anthropogenic activity, including the use of harmful fishing gear (0.702), application of urea to harvest fish (0.673), drying beels annually (0.531), and overfishing (0.513). Finally, the third PCA was loaded with the fishermen age (0.719), education (−0.767), and fishing experience (0.695) of the fishers. Deepening of beels could enhance dry season water availability and shelter the fish. Imposing fisheries regulations to reduce human activities is inevitable to sustain haor fisheries. تقيّم هذه الدراسة التغيرات في تنوع أنواع الأسماك بمرور الوقت في هاكالوكي هاور، وهي أرض رطبة حرجة بيئيًا في بنغلاديش، والعوامل التي تؤثر على هذا التنوع. تم جمع بيانات تنوع أنواع الأسماك من الصيادين باستخدام أدوات التقييم الريفي التشاركي وتم تحديد التغيير في تنوع أنواع الأسماك باستخدام مؤشرات شانون وينر ومارجاليف للثراء وبييلو للتساوي. تم إجراء تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA) مع مجموعة بيانات من 150 دراسة استقصائية لصيادي الأسماك لتوصيف العوامل الرئيسية المسؤولة عن الحد من تنوع أنواع الأسماك. من بين 63 نوعًا من الأسماك، كان 83 ٪ منها ضمن الفئة المتاحة في عام 2008 والتي انخفضت إلى 51 ٪ في عام 2018. انخفضت مؤشرات تنوع أنواع الأسماك لجميع الرتب التصنيفية الاثني عشر في عام 2008 بشكل ملحوظ في عام 2018. أوضح أول PCA (تغير مناخي) مسؤول عن انخفاض تنوع أنواع الأسماك 24.05 ٪ من التباين وتألف من هطول الأمطار غير المنتظم (معامل الارتباط الإيجابي 0.680)، وهطول الأمطار الغزيرة (-0.544)، وتقلب درجة الحرارة (0.561)، وطمي الكعب (0.503). كان الأنيسول الخماسي الكلور الثاني هو النشاط البشري المنشأ، بما في ذلك استخدام معدات الصيد الضارة (0.702)، واستخدام اليوريا لصيد الأسماك (0.673)، وتجفيف اللحية سنويًا (0.531)، والصيد الجائر (0.513). أخيرًا، تم تحميل اتفاقية التعاون البرنامجي الثالثة بعمر الصيادين (0.719)، والتعليم (-0.767)، وخبرة الصيد (0.695) للصيادين. يمكن أن يؤدي تعميق البيلز إلى تعزيز توافر المياه في موسم الجفاف وحماية الأسماك. إن فرض لوائح مصايد الأسماك للحد من الأنشطة البشرية أمر لا مفر منه للحفاظ على مصايد الحور.

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    Authors: Md Jahid Hasan; Muhammad Shajib Rahman;

    This study identifies the key factors accelerating the eco-innovation initiatives of manufacturing Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study further attempted to measure the impact of eco-innovation on a firm's economic, environmental, and societal performance, broadly called sustainability. Following the convenience sampling technique, data was collected from 876 respondents through a structured questionnaire considering the 7-point Likert scale. The Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) has been employed using Smart PLS v3.3 software to simultaneously show the constructs' relationships. Moreover, the study incorporated several tests to check the reliability and validity of the data. Furthermore, the degree to which data collected for this study fits well with the model has been tested by calculating model fit indices- NFI and SRMR. The findings reveal that all other factors Technological Capabilities (TC), Environmental Regulations (ER), Green products (GP), Competitive Pressure (CP), and Energy Price (EP) has a significant positive association with the firm's Eco-innovation initiatives except FR. Moreover, Eco-innovation (EI) greatly enhances the two domains of Sustainability- Environmental Performance (EnP) and Societal Performance (SoP) in manufacturing SMEs in Bangladesh. However, the relationship between EI and EcP was found to be insignificant. Apart from Economic Performance (EcP) andEnvironmental Performance(EnP), Societal Performance (SoP) as a sustainability domain remains unattended in the prior study, which has been incorporated in this research. Thus, the findings of this study will provide some unique implications for business managers and policymakers.

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    Authors: Md Jahid Hasan; Muhammad Shajib Rahman;

    This study identifies the key factors accelerating the eco-innovation initiatives of manufacturing Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study further attempted to measure the impact of eco-innovation on a firm's economic, environmental, and societal performance, broadly called sustainability. Following the convenience sampling technique, data was collected from 876 respondents through a structured questionnaire considering the 7-point Likert scale. The Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) has been employed using Smart PLS v3.3 software to simultaneously show the constructs' relationships. Moreover, the study incorporated several tests to check the reliability and validity of the data. Furthermore, the degree to which data collected for this study fits well with the model has been tested by calculating model fit indices- NFI and SRMR. The findings reveal that all other factors Technological Capabilities (TC), Environmental Regulations (ER), Green products (GP), Competitive Pressure (CP), and Energy Price (EP) has a significant positive association with the firm's Eco-innovation initiatives except FR. Moreover, Eco-innovation (EI) greatly enhances the two domains of Sustainability- Environmental Performance (EnP) and Societal Performance (SoP) in manufacturing SMEs in Bangladesh. However, the relationship between EI and EcP was found to be insignificant. Apart from Economic Performance (EcP) andEnvironmental Performance(EnP), Societal Performance (SoP) as a sustainability domain remains unattended in the prior study, which has been incorporated in this research. Thus, the findings of this study will provide some unique implications for business managers and policymakers.

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    Authors: Martín Muñoz-Salcedo; Manuel Ruiz de Adana; Fernando Peci-López;

    Energy needs in the buildings sector accounts for 40 % of global energy demand. Therefore, the implementation of several renewable energy sources is necessary to reduce this demand. The design stage of a decentralized generation project requires quantifying the power to be installed and the energy forecast for each source throughout the useful life of the building. This study develops a novel optimization algorithm for a long-term economic function based on mixed-integer disciplined convex programming (MIDCP) which guarantees the sustainability of the building and its energy systems. The robust algorithm integrates risk management of intermittent sources, technical and economic parameters of selected technologies, and life cycle analysis (LCA) of different energy systems, including storage. Furthermore, the penetration of green hydrogen into the distributed generation mix is evaluated as an important contribution. Meteorological and energy demand variables of two antagonistic scenarios were also used as inputs to the algorithm. As a result, the optimal energy supply sizing for tertiary buildings in the two defined locations was obtained. The results of the simulations have achieved an optimal convergence of 100 % in the proposed scenarios, with a resolution time of 14 s and using a memory of about 183 MB. The simulations suggest a higher penetration of green hydrogen in scenarios where supply and investment costs decrease to gray hydrogen supply levels, reaching up to 81 % coverage of the thermal demand of the building. Hybrid energy systems under favorable conditions show a penetration of about 92 % within the distributed generation mix. The developed tool could enable decision-makers to optimally plan distributed generation projects in buildings based on economic, policy, and geographic conditions.

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    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Martín Muñoz-Salcedo; Manuel Ruiz de Adana; Fernando Peci-López;

    Energy needs in the buildings sector accounts for 40 % of global energy demand. Therefore, the implementation of several renewable energy sources is necessary to reduce this demand. The design stage of a decentralized generation project requires quantifying the power to be installed and the energy forecast for each source throughout the useful life of the building. This study develops a novel optimization algorithm for a long-term economic function based on mixed-integer disciplined convex programming (MIDCP) which guarantees the sustainability of the building and its energy systems. The robust algorithm integrates risk management of intermittent sources, technical and economic parameters of selected technologies, and life cycle analysis (LCA) of different energy systems, including storage. Furthermore, the penetration of green hydrogen into the distributed generation mix is evaluated as an important contribution. Meteorological and energy demand variables of two antagonistic scenarios were also used as inputs to the algorithm. As a result, the optimal energy supply sizing for tertiary buildings in the two defined locations was obtained. The results of the simulations have achieved an optimal convergence of 100 % in the proposed scenarios, with a resolution time of 14 s and using a memory of about 183 MB. The simulations suggest a higher penetration of green hydrogen in scenarios where supply and investment costs decrease to gray hydrogen supply levels, reaching up to 81 % coverage of the thermal demand of the building. Hybrid energy systems under favorable conditions show a penetration of about 92 % within the distributed generation mix. The developed tool could enable decision-makers to optimally plan distributed generation projects in buildings based on economic, policy, and geographic conditions.

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    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Jayanta Biswas; Md. Abu Jobaer; Salman F. Haque; Md. Samiul Islam Shozib; +1 Authors

    El cambio en la cobertura del uso de la tierra (LULC) tiene un impacto significativo en la sostenibilidad urbana, la planificación urbana, el cambio climático, la gestión de los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad. El Área Metropolitana de Chattogram (CMA) ha estado pasando por una rápida urbanización, lo que ha impactado la transformación de LULC y ha acelerado el crecimiento de la expansión urbana y el desarrollo no planificado. Para mapear esas extensiones urbanas y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, este estudio tiene como objetivo monitorear el cambio de LULC utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat de 2003 a 2023 en la plataforma de teledetección basada en la nube Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC se ha clasificado en cinco clases distintas: cuerpo de agua, acumulación, tierra desnuda, vegetación densa y tierras de cultivo, empleando cuatro algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (bosque aleatorio, aumento de árboles de gradiente, árbol de clasificación y regresión y máquina de vectores de soporte) en la plataforma GEE. La precisión general (estadísticas kappa) y la curva de características operativas del receptor (Roc) han demostrado resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados indican que el modelo CART supera a otros modelos LULC al considerar la eficiencia y la precisión en la región de estudio designada. El análisis de las conversiones de LULC reveló tendencias, patrones y magnitudes notables en todos los períodos: 2003–2013, 2013–2023 y 2003–2023. La expansión de las áreas urbanizadas no reguladas y la disminución de las tierras de cultivo surgieron como principales preocupaciones. Sin embargo, hubo una indicación positiva de un aumento significativo de la vegetación densa dentro del área de estudio durante los 20 años. Le changement de la couverture terrestre (LULC) a un impact significatif sur la durabilité urbaine, la planification urbaine, le changement climatique, la gestion des ressources naturelles et la biodiversité. La région métropolitaine de Chattogram (RMR) a connu une urbanisation rapide, ce qui a eu un impact sur la transformation du LULC et a accéléré la croissance de l'étalement urbain et du développement non planifié. Pour cartographier ces étendues urbaines et l'épuisement des ressources naturelles, cette étude vise à surveiller le changement LULC à l'aide de l'imagerie satellitaire Landsat de 2003 à 2023 dans la plate-forme de télédétection basée sur le cloud Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC a été classé en cinq classes distinctes : plan d'eau, construction, terre nue, végétation dense et terres cultivées, en utilisant quatre algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique (forêt aléatoire, arbre de gradient, arbre de classification et de régression et machine vectorielle de support) dans la plate-forme GEE. La précision globale (statistiques kappa) et la courbe de la caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur (roc) ont démontré des résultats satisfaisants. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle CART surpasse les autres modèles LULC en termes d'efficacité et de précision dans la région d'étude désignée. L'analyse des conversions LULC a révélé des tendances, des modèles et des amplitudes notables pour toutes les périodes : 2003–2013, 2013–2023 et 2003–2023. L'expansion des zones bâties non réglementées et le déclin des terres cultivées sont apparus comme des préoccupations majeures. Cependant, il y avait une indication positive d'une augmentation significative de la végétation dense dans la zone d'étude au cours des 20 années. Land use land cover change (LULC) significantly impacts urban sustainability, urban planning, climate change, natural resource management, and biodiversity. The Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) has been going through rapid urbanization, which has impacted the LULC transformation and accelerated the growth of urban sprawl and unplanned development. To map those urban sprawls and natural resources depletion, this study aims to monitor the LULC change using Landsat satellite imagery from 2003 to 2023 in the cloud-based remote sensing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC has been classified into five distinct classes: waterbody, build-up, bare land, dense vegetation, and cropland, employing four machine learning algorithms (random forest, gradient tree boost, classification & regression tree, and support vector machine) in the GEE platform. The overall accuracy (kappa statistics) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve have demonstrated satisfactory results. The results indicate that the CART model outperforms other LULC models when considering efficiency and accuracy in the designated study region. The analysis of LULC conversions revealed notable trends, patterns, and magnitudes across all periods: 2003–2013, 2013–2023, and 2003–2023. The expansion of unregulated built-up areas and the decline of croplands emerged as primary concerns. However, there was a positive indication of a significant increase in dense vegetation within the study area over the 20 years. يؤثر تغير استخدام الأراضي (LULC) بشكل كبير على الاستدامة الحضرية والتخطيط الحضري وتغير المناخ وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية والتنوع البيولوجي. تشهد منطقة تشاتوغرام الحضرية (CMA) تحضرًا سريعًا، مما أثر على تحول LULC وتسارع نمو الزحف العمراني والتنمية غير المخطط لها. ولرسم خريطة لتلك الزحف العمراني واستنزاف الموارد الطبيعية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراقبة تغيير استخدام الأراضي والممتلكات باستخدام صور القمر الصناعي لاندسات من عام 2003 إلى عام 2023 في منصة الاستشعار عن بعد القائمة على السحابة Google Earth Engine (GEE). تم تصنيف LULC إلى خمس فئات متميزة: المسطح المائي، والتراكم، والأرض العارية، والغطاء النباتي الكثيف، والأراضي الزراعية، باستخدام أربع خوارزميات للتعلم الآلي (الغابات العشوائية، وتعزيز شجرة التدرج، وشجرة التصنيف والانحدار، وآلة ناقلات الدعم) في منصة GEE. أظهرت الدقة الإجمالية (إحصائيات كابا) ومنحنى خاصية تشغيل جهاز الاستقبال (ROC) نتائج مرضية. تشير النتائج إلى أن نموذج CART يتفوق على نماذج LULC الأخرى عند النظر في الكفاءة والدقة في منطقة الدراسة المحددة. كشف تحليل تحويلات LULC عن اتجاهات وأنماط وأحجام ملحوظة في جميع الفترات: 2003–2013 و 2013–2023 و 2003–2023. برز التوسع في المناطق المبنية غير المنظمة وتراجع الأراضي الزراعية كمخاوف أساسية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك مؤشر إيجابي على زيادة كبيرة في الغطاء النباتي الكثيف داخل منطقة الدراسة على مدى 20 عامًا.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jayanta Biswas; Md. Abu Jobaer; Salman F. Haque; Md. Samiul Islam Shozib; +1 Authors

    El cambio en la cobertura del uso de la tierra (LULC) tiene un impacto significativo en la sostenibilidad urbana, la planificación urbana, el cambio climático, la gestión de los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad. El Área Metropolitana de Chattogram (CMA) ha estado pasando por una rápida urbanización, lo que ha impactado la transformación de LULC y ha acelerado el crecimiento de la expansión urbana y el desarrollo no planificado. Para mapear esas extensiones urbanas y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, este estudio tiene como objetivo monitorear el cambio de LULC utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat de 2003 a 2023 en la plataforma de teledetección basada en la nube Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC se ha clasificado en cinco clases distintas: cuerpo de agua, acumulación, tierra desnuda, vegetación densa y tierras de cultivo, empleando cuatro algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (bosque aleatorio, aumento de árboles de gradiente, árbol de clasificación y regresión y máquina de vectores de soporte) en la plataforma GEE. La precisión general (estadísticas kappa) y la curva de características operativas del receptor (Roc) han demostrado resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados indican que el modelo CART supera a otros modelos LULC al considerar la eficiencia y la precisión en la región de estudio designada. El análisis de las conversiones de LULC reveló tendencias, patrones y magnitudes notables en todos los períodos: 2003–2013, 2013–2023 y 2003–2023. La expansión de las áreas urbanizadas no reguladas y la disminución de las tierras de cultivo surgieron como principales preocupaciones. Sin embargo, hubo una indicación positiva de un aumento significativo de la vegetación densa dentro del área de estudio durante los 20 años. Le changement de la couverture terrestre (LULC) a un impact significatif sur la durabilité urbaine, la planification urbaine, le changement climatique, la gestion des ressources naturelles et la biodiversité. La région métropolitaine de Chattogram (RMR) a connu une urbanisation rapide, ce qui a eu un impact sur la transformation du LULC et a accéléré la croissance de l'étalement urbain et du développement non planifié. Pour cartographier ces étendues urbaines et l'épuisement des ressources naturelles, cette étude vise à surveiller le changement LULC à l'aide de l'imagerie satellitaire Landsat de 2003 à 2023 dans la plate-forme de télédétection basée sur le cloud Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC a été classé en cinq classes distinctes : plan d'eau, construction, terre nue, végétation dense et terres cultivées, en utilisant quatre algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique (forêt aléatoire, arbre de gradient, arbre de classification et de régression et machine vectorielle de support) dans la plate-forme GEE. La précision globale (statistiques kappa) et la courbe de la caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur (roc) ont démontré des résultats satisfaisants. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle CART surpasse les autres modèles LULC en termes d'efficacité et de précision dans la région d'étude désignée. L'analyse des conversions LULC a révélé des tendances, des modèles et des amplitudes notables pour toutes les périodes : 2003–2013, 2013–2023 et 2003–2023. L'expansion des zones bâties non réglementées et le déclin des terres cultivées sont apparus comme des préoccupations majeures. Cependant, il y avait une indication positive d'une augmentation significative de la végétation dense dans la zone d'étude au cours des 20 années. Land use land cover change (LULC) significantly impacts urban sustainability, urban planning, climate change, natural resource management, and biodiversity. The Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) has been going through rapid urbanization, which has impacted the LULC transformation and accelerated the growth of urban sprawl and unplanned development. To map those urban sprawls and natural resources depletion, this study aims to monitor the LULC change using Landsat satellite imagery from 2003 to 2023 in the cloud-based remote sensing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC has been classified into five distinct classes: waterbody, build-up, bare land, dense vegetation, and cropland, employing four machine learning algorithms (random forest, gradient tree boost, classification & regression tree, and support vector machine) in the GEE platform. The overall accuracy (kappa statistics) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve have demonstrated satisfactory results. The results indicate that the CART model outperforms other LULC models when considering efficiency and accuracy in the designated study region. The analysis of LULC conversions revealed notable trends, patterns, and magnitudes across all periods: 2003–2013, 2013–2023, and 2003–2023. The expansion of unregulated built-up areas and the decline of croplands emerged as primary concerns. However, there was a positive indication of a significant increase in dense vegetation within the study area over the 20 years. يؤثر تغير استخدام الأراضي (LULC) بشكل كبير على الاستدامة الحضرية والتخطيط الحضري وتغير المناخ وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية والتنوع البيولوجي. تشهد منطقة تشاتوغرام الحضرية (CMA) تحضرًا سريعًا، مما أثر على تحول LULC وتسارع نمو الزحف العمراني والتنمية غير المخطط لها. ولرسم خريطة لتلك الزحف العمراني واستنزاف الموارد الطبيعية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراقبة تغيير استخدام الأراضي والممتلكات باستخدام صور القمر الصناعي لاندسات من عام 2003 إلى عام 2023 في منصة الاستشعار عن بعد القائمة على السحابة Google Earth Engine (GEE). تم تصنيف LULC إلى خمس فئات متميزة: المسطح المائي، والتراكم، والأرض العارية، والغطاء النباتي الكثيف، والأراضي الزراعية، باستخدام أربع خوارزميات للتعلم الآلي (الغابات العشوائية، وتعزيز شجرة التدرج، وشجرة التصنيف والانحدار، وآلة ناقلات الدعم) في منصة GEE. أظهرت الدقة الإجمالية (إحصائيات كابا) ومنحنى خاصية تشغيل جهاز الاستقبال (ROC) نتائج مرضية. تشير النتائج إلى أن نموذج CART يتفوق على نماذج LULC الأخرى عند النظر في الكفاءة والدقة في منطقة الدراسة المحددة. كشف تحليل تحويلات LULC عن اتجاهات وأنماط وأحجام ملحوظة في جميع الفترات: 2003–2013 و 2013–2023 و 2003–2023. برز التوسع في المناطق المبنية غير المنظمة وتراجع الأراضي الزراعية كمخاوف أساسية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك مؤشر إيجابي على زيادة كبيرة في الغطاء النباتي الكثيف داخل منطقة الدراسة على مدى 20 عامًا.

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    Authors: Shanjida Chowdhury; Sunjida Khan; Md. Fouad Hossain Sarker; Md Kabirul Islam; +2 Authors

    Le secteur agricole accélère la croissance économique d'un pays vers le développement durable. Il existe une relation significative entre l'agriculture et l'environnement. Le développement agricole durable garantit la qualité des aliments et, en tandem, prévient les calamités naturelles telles que la sécheresse. Cependant, afin de répondre à la demande alimentaire d'une population croissante, une mauvaise qualité de la loi et des pratiques agricoles intenables surviennent, ce qui entraîne à son tour une dégradation de l'environnement. La présente étude explore la relation entre l'atmosphère agro-économique et les émissions de CO2 en tant que mesure de la dégradation de l'environnement au Bangladesh entre les années 1985 et 2017. Pour montrer la relation à long terme entre l'écologie agricole et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, trois équations co-intégrées - les moindres carrés ordinaires entièrement modifiés (FMOLS), les moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS) et la régression co-intégrée canonique (CCR) ont été évaluées. Pour la cointégration, la cointégration Bayer-Hanck était implicite. Dans les estimations à long terme, il a été constaté que le bétail, la superficie de riz récoltée, la production céréalière et d'autres productions végétales entravaient la dégradation de l'environnement. Le test de causalité de Granger a permis une causalité unidirectionnelle envers la biomasse brûlée (résidus de culture), l'économie agricole et les émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, la causalité de cette dimension a conclu que les émissions de dioxyde de carbone étaient causées par la production céréalière, d'autres productions agricoles et la production de terres agricoles. Les résultats globaux de cette étude pourraient potentiellement aider le gouvernement du Bangladesh et les autorités nécessaires à mettre en œuvre des politiques synchronisées pour aider à réduire la pollution environnementale et donner l'exemple à d'autres pays en développement comme le Bangladesh. El sector agrícola acelera el crecimiento económico de una nación hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Existe una relación significativa entre la agricultura y el medio ambiente. El desarrollo agrícola sostenible garantiza la calidad de los alimentos y, en conjunto, previene calamidades naturales como la sequía. Sin embargo, para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de una población en crecimiento, surgen leyes de mala calidad y prácticas agrícolas insostenibles, que a su vez conducen a la degradación ambiental. El presente estudio explora la relación entre la atmósfera agroeconómica y las emisiones de CO2 como medida de la degradación ambiental en Bangladesh entre los años 1985 y 2017. Para mostrar la relación a largo plazo de la ecología agrícola y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, se evaluaron tres ecuaciones cointegradas: mínimo cuadrado ordinario completamente modificado (FMOLS), mínimo cuadrado ordinario dinámico (DOLS) y regresión cointegrada canónica (CCR). Para la cointegración, la cointegración de Bayer-Hanck estaba implícita. En estimaciones a largo plazo, se encontró que el ganado, el área de arroz cosechada, la producción de cereales y otras producciones de cultivos impidieron el deterioro ambiental. La prueba de causalidad de Granger permitió la causalidad unidireccional hacia la biomasa quemada (residuos de cultivos), la economía agrícola y las emisiones de carbono. Por lo tanto, la causalidad de esta dimensión concluyó que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono fueron causadas por la producción de cereales, otras producciones agrícolas y la producción de tierras agrícolas. Los hallazgos generales de este estudio podrían ayudar al Gobierno de Bangladesh y a las autoridades necesarias a implementar políticas sincronizadas para ayudar a reducir la contaminación ambiental y dar ejemplo a otras naciones en desarrollo como Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There exists a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to fulfill the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities for implementing synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There is a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to meet the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities to implement synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. يعمل القطاع الزراعي على تسريع النمو الاقتصادي للدولة نحو التنمية المستدامة. هناك علاقة كبيرة بين الزراعة والبيئة. تضمن التنمية الزراعية المستدامة جودة الغذاء وتمنع الكوارث الطبيعية مثل الجفاف. ومع ذلك، من أجل تلبية الطلب على الغذاء لعدد متزايد من السكان، تنشأ نوعية رديئة للقانون وممارسات زراعية لا يمكن الدفاع عنها، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى التدهور البيئي. تستكشف الدراسة الحالية العلاقة بين الغلاف الجوي الزراعي والاقتصادي وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون كمقياس للتدهور البيئي في بنغلاديش بين عامي 1985 و 2017. لإظهار العلاقة طويلة المدى بين البيئة الزراعية وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، تم تقييم ثلاث معادلات متكاملة للعملة - المربعات الصغرى العادية المعدلة بالكامل (FMOLS)، والمربعات الصغرى العادية الديناميكية (DOLS)، والانحدار المتكامل للعملة الكنسية (CCR). بالنسبة للتكامل المشترك، كان التكامل المشترك بين باير وهانك ضمنيًا. في التقديرات طويلة الأجل، وجد أن الثروة الحيوانية ومساحة الأرز التي تم حصادها وإنتاج الحبوب وغيرها من المحاصيل قد أعاقت التدمير البيئي. مكن اختبار جرانجر السببية السببية أحادية الاتجاه نحو الكتلة الحيوية المحروقة (مخلفات المحاصيل)، والاقتصاد الزراعي، وانبعاثات الكربون. لذلك، خلصت العلاقة السببية لهذا البعد إلى أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ناتجة عن إنتاج الحبوب والإنتاج الزراعي الآخر وإنتاج الأراضي الزراعية. يمكن أن تساعد النتائج الإجمالية لهذه الدراسة حكومة بنغلاديش والسلطات اللازمة على تنفيذ سياسات متزامنة للمساعدة في الحد من التلوث البيئي وتقديم مثال للدول النامية الأخرى مثل بنغلاديش.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Shanjida Chowdhury; Sunjida Khan; Md. Fouad Hossain Sarker; Md Kabirul Islam; +2 Authors

    Le secteur agricole accélère la croissance économique d'un pays vers le développement durable. Il existe une relation significative entre l'agriculture et l'environnement. Le développement agricole durable garantit la qualité des aliments et, en tandem, prévient les calamités naturelles telles que la sécheresse. Cependant, afin de répondre à la demande alimentaire d'une population croissante, une mauvaise qualité de la loi et des pratiques agricoles intenables surviennent, ce qui entraîne à son tour une dégradation de l'environnement. La présente étude explore la relation entre l'atmosphère agro-économique et les émissions de CO2 en tant que mesure de la dégradation de l'environnement au Bangladesh entre les années 1985 et 2017. Pour montrer la relation à long terme entre l'écologie agricole et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, trois équations co-intégrées - les moindres carrés ordinaires entièrement modifiés (FMOLS), les moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS) et la régression co-intégrée canonique (CCR) ont été évaluées. Pour la cointégration, la cointégration Bayer-Hanck était implicite. Dans les estimations à long terme, il a été constaté que le bétail, la superficie de riz récoltée, la production céréalière et d'autres productions végétales entravaient la dégradation de l'environnement. Le test de causalité de Granger a permis une causalité unidirectionnelle envers la biomasse brûlée (résidus de culture), l'économie agricole et les émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, la causalité de cette dimension a conclu que les émissions de dioxyde de carbone étaient causées par la production céréalière, d'autres productions agricoles et la production de terres agricoles. Les résultats globaux de cette étude pourraient potentiellement aider le gouvernement du Bangladesh et les autorités nécessaires à mettre en œuvre des politiques synchronisées pour aider à réduire la pollution environnementale et donner l'exemple à d'autres pays en développement comme le Bangladesh. El sector agrícola acelera el crecimiento económico de una nación hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Existe una relación significativa entre la agricultura y el medio ambiente. El desarrollo agrícola sostenible garantiza la calidad de los alimentos y, en conjunto, previene calamidades naturales como la sequía. Sin embargo, para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de una población en crecimiento, surgen leyes de mala calidad y prácticas agrícolas insostenibles, que a su vez conducen a la degradación ambiental. El presente estudio explora la relación entre la atmósfera agroeconómica y las emisiones de CO2 como medida de la degradación ambiental en Bangladesh entre los años 1985 y 2017. Para mostrar la relación a largo plazo de la ecología agrícola y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, se evaluaron tres ecuaciones cointegradas: mínimo cuadrado ordinario completamente modificado (FMOLS), mínimo cuadrado ordinario dinámico (DOLS) y regresión cointegrada canónica (CCR). Para la cointegración, la cointegración de Bayer-Hanck estaba implícita. En estimaciones a largo plazo, se encontró que el ganado, el área de arroz cosechada, la producción de cereales y otras producciones de cultivos impidieron el deterioro ambiental. La prueba de causalidad de Granger permitió la causalidad unidireccional hacia la biomasa quemada (residuos de cultivos), la economía agrícola y las emisiones de carbono. Por lo tanto, la causalidad de esta dimensión concluyó que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono fueron causadas por la producción de cereales, otras producciones agrícolas y la producción de tierras agrícolas. Los hallazgos generales de este estudio podrían ayudar al Gobierno de Bangladesh y a las autoridades necesarias a implementar políticas sincronizadas para ayudar a reducir la contaminación ambiental y dar ejemplo a otras naciones en desarrollo como Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There exists a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to fulfill the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities for implementing synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There is a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to meet the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities to implement synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. يعمل القطاع الزراعي على تسريع النمو الاقتصادي للدولة نحو التنمية المستدامة. هناك علاقة كبيرة بين الزراعة والبيئة. تضمن التنمية الزراعية المستدامة جودة الغذاء وتمنع الكوارث الطبيعية مثل الجفاف. ومع ذلك، من أجل تلبية الطلب على الغذاء لعدد متزايد من السكان، تنشأ نوعية رديئة للقانون وممارسات زراعية لا يمكن الدفاع عنها، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى التدهور البيئي. تستكشف الدراسة الحالية العلاقة بين الغلاف الجوي الزراعي والاقتصادي وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون كمقياس للتدهور البيئي في بنغلاديش بين عامي 1985 و 2017. لإظهار العلاقة طويلة المدى بين البيئة الزراعية وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، تم تقييم ثلاث معادلات متكاملة للعملة - المربعات الصغرى العادية المعدلة بالكامل (FMOLS)، والمربعات الصغرى العادية الديناميكية (DOLS)، والانحدار المتكامل للعملة الكنسية (CCR). بالنسبة للتكامل المشترك، كان التكامل المشترك بين باير وهانك ضمنيًا. في التقديرات طويلة الأجل، وجد أن الثروة الحيوانية ومساحة الأرز التي تم حصادها وإنتاج الحبوب وغيرها من المحاصيل قد أعاقت التدمير البيئي. مكن اختبار جرانجر السببية السببية أحادية الاتجاه نحو الكتلة الحيوية المحروقة (مخلفات المحاصيل)، والاقتصاد الزراعي، وانبعاثات الكربون. لذلك، خلصت العلاقة السببية لهذا البعد إلى أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ناتجة عن إنتاج الحبوب والإنتاج الزراعي الآخر وإنتاج الأراضي الزراعية. يمكن أن تساعد النتائج الإجمالية لهذه الدراسة حكومة بنغلاديش والسلطات اللازمة على تنفيذ سياسات متزامنة للمساعدة في الحد من التلوث البيئي وتقديم مثال للدول النامية الأخرى مثل بنغلاديش.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Heliyonarrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Ashim C. Das; Shihab Ahmad Shahriar; Md. Arif Chowdhury; Lokman Hossain; +4 Authors

    La sequía es un peligro generalizado que puede afectar enormemente a la biodiversidad, el hábitat de las especies silvestres y el funcionamiento y la estabilidad de los ecosistemas, especialmente en la región seca. Debido a su ubicación geográfica, la región noroeste de Bangladesh tiene un clima comparativamente árido que es muy susceptible a la aparición de sequías y está marcada como una zona roja. A pesar de la creciente evidencia del impacto de la sequía en la seguridad alimentaria y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, se han realizado pocos esfuerzos para mitigar la sequía en esta región. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la condición de sequía de la región noroeste de Bangladesh utilizando técnicas de observación de la tierra. Para este propósito, se utilizaron datos de Landsat de 1990 a 2020 para determinar varios índices de vegetación, como el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), el Índice de Agua (NDWI), el Índice de Humedad (NDMI) y el Índice de Vegetación Ajustada al Suelo (SAVI), junto con la Temperatura de la Superficie Terrestre (LST). Los resultados muestran que el agotamiento de bosques (2832 km2) y cuerpos de agua (6773 km2) fue el resultado de la expansión de asentamientos (6563 km2) y tierras agrícolas (1802 km2) para el período 1990–2020. El examen de los cambios temporales de los índices de vegetación y LST mostró que los valores de todos los índices disminuyeron mientras que el LST aumentó. La correlación negativa entre el valor de NDVI y LST indica que la vegetación en nuestro estudio estuvo sujeta a choques inducidos por la sequía. Este estudio revela la situación actual de la salud de la vegetación en la región noroeste de Bangladesh en relación con las condiciones de sequía. Los hallazgos de este estudio tienen implicaciones prácticas para los responsables políticos en la implementación de las medidas necesarias para la agricultura, los bosques, el desarrollo del agua y la planificación de la zona económica. La sécheresse est un danger répandu qui peut affecter considérablement la biodiversité, l'habitat des espèces sauvages, ainsi que le fonctionnement et la stabilité des écosystèmes, en particulier dans la région sèche. En raison de sa situation géographique, la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh a un climat relativement aride, très sensible à la sécheresse et marqué comme une zone rouge. Malgré les preuves croissantes de l'impact de la sécheresse sur la sécurité alimentaire et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, peu d'efforts ont été déployés pour atténuer la sécheresse dans cette région. La présente étude visait à évaluer l'état de sécheresse de la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh à l'aide de techniques d'observation de la terre. À cette fin, les données Landsat de 1990 à 2020 ont été utilisées pour déterminer divers indices de végétation tels que l'indice de végétation à différence normalisée (NDVI), l'indice d'eau (NDWI), l'indice d'humidité (NDMI) et l'indice de végétation ajusté au sol (SAVI), ainsi que la température de surface du sol (LST). Les résultats montrent que l'épuisement des forêts (2832 km2) et des masses d'eau (6773 km2) résulte de l'expansion des colonies (6563 km2) et des terres agricoles (1802 km2) pour la période 1990–2020. L'examen des changements temporels des indices de végétation et du LST a montré que les valeurs de tous les indices diminuaient tandis que le LST augmentait. La corrélation négative entre la valeur NDVI et la LST indique que la végétation de notre étude a été soumise à des chocs induits par la sécheresse. Cette étude révèle la situation actuelle de la santé de la végétation dans la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh par rapport aux conditions de sécheresse. Les conclusions de cette étude ont des implications pratiques pour les décideurs politiques dans la mise en œuvre des mesures nécessaires pour l'agriculture, les forêts, le développement de l'eau et la planification des zones économiques. Drought is a widespread hazard that can tremendously affect the biodiversity, habitat of wild species, and ecosystem functioning and stability, especially in the dry region. Due to its geographic location, the north-western region of Bangladesh has a comparatively arid climate which is very much susceptible to drought occurrence and is marked as a red zone. Despite the growing evidence of the impact of drought on food security and ecosystem functioning, little effort has been paid to mitigate the drought in this region. The present study aimed to assess the drought condition of the north-western region of Bangladesh using earth observation techniques. For this purpose, Landsat data from 1990 to 2020 was used to determine various vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Water Index (NDWI), Moisture Index (NDMI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), along with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Results show that the depletion of forests (2832 km2) and water bodies (6773 km2) resulted from the expansion of settlement (6563 km2) and agricultural land (1802 km2) for the period 1990–2020. Examination of the temporal changes of vegetation indices and LST showed that the values of all indices decreased while the LST increased. The negative correlation between NDVI value and LST indicates that the vegetation in our study was subject to drought-induced shocks. This study reveals the current situation of the vegetation health in the north-western region of Bangladesh in relation to the drought conditions. The findings of this study have practical implications for the policymakers in implementing necessary measures for agriculture, forests, water development, and economic zone planning. الجفاف خطر واسع الانتشار يمكن أن يؤثر بشكل كبير على التنوع البيولوجي وموائل الأنواع البرية وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي واستقراره، خاصة في المنطقة الجافة. نظرًا لموقعها الجغرافي، تتمتع المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش بمناخ جاف نسبيًا وهو عرضة بشدة لحدوث الجفاف ويتم تمييزه كمنطقة حمراء. على الرغم من الأدلة المتزايدة على تأثير الجفاف على الأمن الغذائي وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي، لم يُبذل سوى القليل من الجهد للتخفيف من حدة الجفاف في هذه المنطقة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم حالة الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش باستخدام تقنيات مراقبة الأرض. لهذا الغرض، تم استخدام بيانات لاندسات من 1990 إلى 2020 لتحديد مؤشرات الغطاء النباتي المختلفة مثل مؤشر الفرق الطبيعي للغطاء النباتي (NDVI) ومؤشر المياه (NDWI) ومؤشر الرطوبة (NDMI) ومؤشر الغطاء النباتي المعدل للتربة (SAVI)، إلى جانب درجة حرارة سطح الأرض (LST). وتظهر النتائج أن استنزاف الغابات (2832 كم2) والمسطحات المائية (6773 كم2) نتج عن التوسع الاستيطاني (6563 كم2) والأراضي الزراعية (1802 كم2) للفترة 1990–2020. أظهر فحص التغيرات الزمنية لمؤشرات الغطاء النباتي و LST أن قيم جميع المؤشرات انخفضت بينما زاد LST. تشير العلاقة السلبية بين قيمة مؤشر NDVI و LST إلى أن الغطاء النباتي في دراستنا كان عرضة للصدمات الناجمة عن الجفاف. تكشف هذه الدراسة عن الوضع الحالي لصحة النباتات في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش فيما يتعلق بظروف الجفاف. نتائج هذه الدراسة لها آثار عملية على صانعي السياسات في تنفيذ التدابير اللازمة للزراعة والغابات وتنمية المياه وتخطيط المناطق الاقتصادية.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ashim C. Das; Shihab Ahmad Shahriar; Md. Arif Chowdhury; Lokman Hossain; +4 Authors

    La sequía es un peligro generalizado que puede afectar enormemente a la biodiversidad, el hábitat de las especies silvestres y el funcionamiento y la estabilidad de los ecosistemas, especialmente en la región seca. Debido a su ubicación geográfica, la región noroeste de Bangladesh tiene un clima comparativamente árido que es muy susceptible a la aparición de sequías y está marcada como una zona roja. A pesar de la creciente evidencia del impacto de la sequía en la seguridad alimentaria y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, se han realizado pocos esfuerzos para mitigar la sequía en esta región. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la condición de sequía de la región noroeste de Bangladesh utilizando técnicas de observación de la tierra. Para este propósito, se utilizaron datos de Landsat de 1990 a 2020 para determinar varios índices de vegetación, como el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), el Índice de Agua (NDWI), el Índice de Humedad (NDMI) y el Índice de Vegetación Ajustada al Suelo (SAVI), junto con la Temperatura de la Superficie Terrestre (LST). Los resultados muestran que el agotamiento de bosques (2832 km2) y cuerpos de agua (6773 km2) fue el resultado de la expansión de asentamientos (6563 km2) y tierras agrícolas (1802 km2) para el período 1990–2020. El examen de los cambios temporales de los índices de vegetación y LST mostró que los valores de todos los índices disminuyeron mientras que el LST aumentó. La correlación negativa entre el valor de NDVI y LST indica que la vegetación en nuestro estudio estuvo sujeta a choques inducidos por la sequía. Este estudio revela la situación actual de la salud de la vegetación en la región noroeste de Bangladesh en relación con las condiciones de sequía. Los hallazgos de este estudio tienen implicaciones prácticas para los responsables políticos en la implementación de las medidas necesarias para la agricultura, los bosques, el desarrollo del agua y la planificación de la zona económica. La sécheresse est un danger répandu qui peut affecter considérablement la biodiversité, l'habitat des espèces sauvages, ainsi que le fonctionnement et la stabilité des écosystèmes, en particulier dans la région sèche. En raison de sa situation géographique, la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh a un climat relativement aride, très sensible à la sécheresse et marqué comme une zone rouge. Malgré les preuves croissantes de l'impact de la sécheresse sur la sécurité alimentaire et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, peu d'efforts ont été déployés pour atténuer la sécheresse dans cette région. La présente étude visait à évaluer l'état de sécheresse de la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh à l'aide de techniques d'observation de la terre. À cette fin, les données Landsat de 1990 à 2020 ont été utilisées pour déterminer divers indices de végétation tels que l'indice de végétation à différence normalisée (NDVI), l'indice d'eau (NDWI), l'indice d'humidité (NDMI) et l'indice de végétation ajusté au sol (SAVI), ainsi que la température de surface du sol (LST). Les résultats montrent que l'épuisement des forêts (2832 km2) et des masses d'eau (6773 km2) résulte de l'expansion des colonies (6563 km2) et des terres agricoles (1802 km2) pour la période 1990–2020. L'examen des changements temporels des indices de végétation et du LST a montré que les valeurs de tous les indices diminuaient tandis que le LST augmentait. La corrélation négative entre la valeur NDVI et la LST indique que la végétation de notre étude a été soumise à des chocs induits par la sécheresse. Cette étude révèle la situation actuelle de la santé de la végétation dans la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh par rapport aux conditions de sécheresse. Les conclusions de cette étude ont des implications pratiques pour les décideurs politiques dans la mise en œuvre des mesures nécessaires pour l'agriculture, les forêts, le développement de l'eau et la planification des zones économiques. Drought is a widespread hazard that can tremendously affect the biodiversity, habitat of wild species, and ecosystem functioning and stability, especially in the dry region. Due to its geographic location, the north-western region of Bangladesh has a comparatively arid climate which is very much susceptible to drought occurrence and is marked as a red zone. Despite the growing evidence of the impact of drought on food security and ecosystem functioning, little effort has been paid to mitigate the drought in this region. The present study aimed to assess the drought condition of the north-western region of Bangladesh using earth observation techniques. For this purpose, Landsat data from 1990 to 2020 was used to determine various vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Water Index (NDWI), Moisture Index (NDMI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), along with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Results show that the depletion of forests (2832 km2) and water bodies (6773 km2) resulted from the expansion of settlement (6563 km2) and agricultural land (1802 km2) for the period 1990–2020. Examination of the temporal changes of vegetation indices and LST showed that the values of all indices decreased while the LST increased. The negative correlation between NDVI value and LST indicates that the vegetation in our study was subject to drought-induced shocks. This study reveals the current situation of the vegetation health in the north-western region of Bangladesh in relation to the drought conditions. The findings of this study have practical implications for the policymakers in implementing necessary measures for agriculture, forests, water development, and economic zone planning. الجفاف خطر واسع الانتشار يمكن أن يؤثر بشكل كبير على التنوع البيولوجي وموائل الأنواع البرية وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي واستقراره، خاصة في المنطقة الجافة. نظرًا لموقعها الجغرافي، تتمتع المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش بمناخ جاف نسبيًا وهو عرضة بشدة لحدوث الجفاف ويتم تمييزه كمنطقة حمراء. على الرغم من الأدلة المتزايدة على تأثير الجفاف على الأمن الغذائي وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي، لم يُبذل سوى القليل من الجهد للتخفيف من حدة الجفاف في هذه المنطقة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم حالة الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش باستخدام تقنيات مراقبة الأرض. لهذا الغرض، تم استخدام بيانات لاندسات من 1990 إلى 2020 لتحديد مؤشرات الغطاء النباتي المختلفة مثل مؤشر الفرق الطبيعي للغطاء النباتي (NDVI) ومؤشر المياه (NDWI) ومؤشر الرطوبة (NDMI) ومؤشر الغطاء النباتي المعدل للتربة (SAVI)، إلى جانب درجة حرارة سطح الأرض (LST). وتظهر النتائج أن استنزاف الغابات (2832 كم2) والمسطحات المائية (6773 كم2) نتج عن التوسع الاستيطاني (6563 كم2) والأراضي الزراعية (1802 كم2) للفترة 1990–2020. أظهر فحص التغيرات الزمنية لمؤشرات الغطاء النباتي و LST أن قيم جميع المؤشرات انخفضت بينما زاد LST. تشير العلاقة السلبية بين قيمة مؤشر NDVI و LST إلى أن الغطاء النباتي في دراستنا كان عرضة للصدمات الناجمة عن الجفاف. تكشف هذه الدراسة عن الوضع الحالي لصحة النباتات في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش فيما يتعلق بظروف الجفاف. نتائج هذه الدراسة لها آثار عملية على صانعي السياسات في تنفيذ التدابير اللازمة للزراعة والغابات وتنمية المياه وتخطيط المناطق الاقتصادية.

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    Authors: Md Ashraful Islam; Abdulla Al Mamun; M.M. Naushad Ali; Ratil H. Ashique; +5 Authors

    In a very dense urban landscape, incorporating renewables becomes challenging due to a lack of space, planning, and mindset. Utilization of already existing large infrastructures in combination with existing technology and necessary adaptation can create the right synergy for harnessing renewables like solar. This paper proposes the installation of a solar power plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using available space on Metro Rail Line 6 to meet the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy. The proposed system involves the selection of suitable space, and PV panels, the calculation of annual electricity generation, and performing financial and environmental analyses. The proposed on-grid/grid-tied system offers the advantage of reducing dependence on power supplied to the grid, resulting in lower energy costs, and promoting the use of green energy. The system has a payback period of 7.7 years and a return on investment of 45.7 %. It is estimated that the system saves 14,053.203 tons of CO2 emissions per year and 281,064.06 tons of CO2 emissions over its lifetime. Also, the grid life cycle emission is 584 gCO2/kWh, and the system life cycle emission is 39,119.4 tCO2, which further proves that it is a feasible solution to meeting energy demands while reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable energy utilization. The results of simulations run using PVsyst and HOMER confirm the economic viability of the proposed solar power station, supporting its viability. The levelized energy cost (LCOE), as projected by PVsyst, is $0.09 per kWh, nearly matching HOMER's prediction of $0.0835. This convergence of results from several simulation tools supports the solar power plant's predicted cost-effectiveness, demonstrating its potential as a key player in the effort to create a greener and more affordable energy landscape.

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    Authors: Md Ashraful Islam; Abdulla Al Mamun; M.M. Naushad Ali; Ratil H. Ashique; +5 Authors

    In a very dense urban landscape, incorporating renewables becomes challenging due to a lack of space, planning, and mindset. Utilization of already existing large infrastructures in combination with existing technology and necessary adaptation can create the right synergy for harnessing renewables like solar. This paper proposes the installation of a solar power plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using available space on Metro Rail Line 6 to meet the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy. The proposed system involves the selection of suitable space, and PV panels, the calculation of annual electricity generation, and performing financial and environmental analyses. The proposed on-grid/grid-tied system offers the advantage of reducing dependence on power supplied to the grid, resulting in lower energy costs, and promoting the use of green energy. The system has a payback period of 7.7 years and a return on investment of 45.7 %. It is estimated that the system saves 14,053.203 tons of CO2 emissions per year and 281,064.06 tons of CO2 emissions over its lifetime. Also, the grid life cycle emission is 584 gCO2/kWh, and the system life cycle emission is 39,119.4 tCO2, which further proves that it is a feasible solution to meeting energy demands while reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable energy utilization. The results of simulations run using PVsyst and HOMER confirm the economic viability of the proposed solar power station, supporting its viability. The levelized energy cost (LCOE), as projected by PVsyst, is $0.09 per kWh, nearly matching HOMER's prediction of $0.0835. This convergence of results from several simulation tools supports the solar power plant's predicted cost-effectiveness, demonstrating its potential as a key player in the effort to create a greener and more affordable energy landscape.

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    Authors: Humaira Nafisa Ahmed; Sayem Ahmed; Tazim Ahmed; Hasin Md. Muhtasim Taqi; +1 Authors

    La quatrième révolution industrielle, communément appelée Industrie 4.0, a été inaugurée par des technologies modernes et innovantes en matière d'intelligence et de communication. Les préoccupations concernant les technologies perturbatrices (DT) commencent à croître dans les pays en développement, bien que les compromis entre les difficultés de mise en œuvre et les effets réalistes soient encore inconnus. Par conséquent, la priorisation et la promotion de ces technologies doivent être prises en compte lors de l'investissement afin d'assurer leur durabilité. L'étude vise à fournir de nouvelles informations essentielles sur ce que sont les DT et sur la manière d'identifier les DT importantes pour la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable (SSC). Il est essentiel de comprendre le potentiel des DT pour atteindre une durabilité holistique grâce à l'adoption et à la diffusion efficaces de la technologie. Pour atteindre l'objectif, une approche intégrée combinant la méthode bayésienne et la Best Worst Method (BWM) est utilisée dans cette étude pour évaluer les DT dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement (SC) des économies émergentes. La revue systématique de la littérature a donné un total de 10 DT pour SSC, qui ont ensuite été évalués à l'aide du Bayesian-BWM pour explorer les DT les plus critiques pour un exemple bien connu de l'industrie du vêtement prêt à l'emploi (RMG) du Bangladesh. Les résultats montrent que les trois DT les plus essentiels pour la SSC sont « l'Internet des objets (IoT) », « la fabrication en nuage » et « l'intelligence artificielle (IA) ». Les informations issues de la recherche aideront les décideurs et les praticiens à déterminer où concentrer leurs efforts pendant la phase d'adoption et de diffusion de la technologie afin d'améliorer la production durable en gérant les opérations de SC dans un environnement commercial incertain. La cuarta revolución industrial, comúnmente reconocida como Industria 4.0, ha sido acompañada por tecnologías modernas e innovadoras de inteligencia y comunicación. Las preocupaciones sobre las tecnologías disruptivas (TD) están comenzando a crecer en los países en desarrollo, a pesar de que aún se desconocen las compensaciones entre las dificultades de implementación y los efectos realistas. Por lo tanto, se debe considerar la priorización y promoción de dichas tecnologías al invertir en ellas para garantizar la sostenibilidad. El estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos críticos sobre qué son los DT y cómo identificar los DT significativos para la cadena de suministro sostenible (SSC). Es fundamental comprender el potencial de los DT para lograr la sostenibilidad holística a través de la adopción y difusión efectivas de la tecnología. Para lograr el objetivo, en este estudio se utiliza un enfoque integrado que combina el método bayesiano y el Best Worst Method (BWM) para evaluar los DT en la cadena de suministro (SC) de las economías emergentes. La revisión sistemática de la literatura arrojó un total de 10 DT para SSC, que luego se evaluaron utilizando el Bayesian-BWM para explorar los DT más críticos para un ejemplo bien conocido de la industria de prendas de vestir confeccionadas (RMG) de Bangladesh. Los resultados muestran que los tres DT más esenciales para SSC son "Internet de las cosas (IoT)", "Fabricación en la nube" e "Inteligencia artificial (IA)". Los conocimientos de la investigación facilitarán a los responsables de la formulación de políticas y a los profesionales la determinación de dónde concentrar los esfuerzos durante la etapa de adopción y difusión de la tecnología para mejorar la producción sostenible mediante la gestión de las operaciones de SC en un entorno empresarial incierto. The fourth industrial revolution, commonly recognized as Industry 4.0, has been ushered by modern and innovative intelligence and communication technologies. Concerns about disruptive technologies (DTs) are beginning to grow in developing countries, despite the fact that the trade-offs between implementation difficulties and realistic effects are still unknown. Hence, prioritization and promotion of such technologies should be considered when investing in them to ensure sustainability. The study aims to provide new critical insights into what DTs are and how to identify the significant DTs for sustainable supply chain (SSC). Understanding the DTs' potential for achieving holistic sustainability through effective technology adoption and diffusion is critical. To achieve the goal, an integrated approach combining the Bayesian method and the Best Worst Method (BWM) is utilized in this study to evaluate DTs in emerging economies' supply chain (SC). The systematic literature review yielded a total of 10 DTs for SSC, which were then evaluated using the Bayesian-BWM to explore the most critical DTs for a well-known example of the readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. The results show that the three most essential DTs for SSC are "Internet of things (IoT)", "Cloud manufacturing", and "Artificial intelligence (AI)". The research insights will facilitate policymakers and practitioners in determining where to concentrate efforts during the technology adoption and diffusion stage in order to improve sustainable production through managing SC operations in an uncertain business environment. إن الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، المعروفة عمومًا باسم الصناعة 4.0، قد بشرت بها تقنيات الذكاء والاتصالات الحديثة والمبتكرة. بدأت المخاوف بشأن التقنيات التخريبية (DTs) في النمو في البلدان النامية، على الرغم من حقيقة أن المفاضلات بين صعوبات التنفيذ والآثار الواقعية لا تزال غير معروفة. وبالتالي، ينبغي النظر في تحديد أولويات هذه التقنيات وتعزيزها عند الاستثمار فيها لضمان الاستدامة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤى نقدية جديدة حول ماهية DTs وكيفية تحديد DTs المهمة لسلسلة التوريد المستدامة (SSC). إن فهم إمكانات DTs لتحقيق الاستدامة الشاملة من خلال اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها بشكل فعال أمر بالغ الأهمية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، يتم استخدام نهج متكامل يجمع بين الطريقة البايزية وأفضل طريقة أسوأ (BWM) في هذه الدراسة لتقييم DTs في سلسلة التوريد في الاقتصادات الناشئة (SC). أسفرت مراجعة الأدبيات المنهجية عن ما مجموعه 10 DTs لـ SSC، والتي تم تقييمها بعد ذلك باستخدام Bayesian - BWM لاستكشاف DTs الأكثر أهمية لمثال معروف لصناعة الملابس الجاهزة (RMG) في بنغلاديش. تُظهر النتائج أن أهم ثلاثة أدوات تشخيصية للتعاون فيما بين بلدان الجنوب هي "إنترنت الأشياء (IoT )" و" التصنيع السحابي "و" الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI )". ستسهل رؤى البحث على صانعي السياسات والممارسين تحديد مكان تركيز الجهود خلال مرحلة اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها من أجل تحسين الإنتاج المستدام من خلال إدارة عمليات منظمة رعاية الأطفال في بيئة أعمال غير مؤكدة.

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    Authors: Humaira Nafisa Ahmed; Sayem Ahmed; Tazim Ahmed; Hasin Md. Muhtasim Taqi; +1 Authors

    La quatrième révolution industrielle, communément appelée Industrie 4.0, a été inaugurée par des technologies modernes et innovantes en matière d'intelligence et de communication. Les préoccupations concernant les technologies perturbatrices (DT) commencent à croître dans les pays en développement, bien que les compromis entre les difficultés de mise en œuvre et les effets réalistes soient encore inconnus. Par conséquent, la priorisation et la promotion de ces technologies doivent être prises en compte lors de l'investissement afin d'assurer leur durabilité. L'étude vise à fournir de nouvelles informations essentielles sur ce que sont les DT et sur la manière d'identifier les DT importantes pour la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable (SSC). Il est essentiel de comprendre le potentiel des DT pour atteindre une durabilité holistique grâce à l'adoption et à la diffusion efficaces de la technologie. Pour atteindre l'objectif, une approche intégrée combinant la méthode bayésienne et la Best Worst Method (BWM) est utilisée dans cette étude pour évaluer les DT dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement (SC) des économies émergentes. La revue systématique de la littérature a donné un total de 10 DT pour SSC, qui ont ensuite été évalués à l'aide du Bayesian-BWM pour explorer les DT les plus critiques pour un exemple bien connu de l'industrie du vêtement prêt à l'emploi (RMG) du Bangladesh. Les résultats montrent que les trois DT les plus essentiels pour la SSC sont « l'Internet des objets (IoT) », « la fabrication en nuage » et « l'intelligence artificielle (IA) ». Les informations issues de la recherche aideront les décideurs et les praticiens à déterminer où concentrer leurs efforts pendant la phase d'adoption et de diffusion de la technologie afin d'améliorer la production durable en gérant les opérations de SC dans un environnement commercial incertain. La cuarta revolución industrial, comúnmente reconocida como Industria 4.0, ha sido acompañada por tecnologías modernas e innovadoras de inteligencia y comunicación. Las preocupaciones sobre las tecnologías disruptivas (TD) están comenzando a crecer en los países en desarrollo, a pesar de que aún se desconocen las compensaciones entre las dificultades de implementación y los efectos realistas. Por lo tanto, se debe considerar la priorización y promoción de dichas tecnologías al invertir en ellas para garantizar la sostenibilidad. El estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos críticos sobre qué son los DT y cómo identificar los DT significativos para la cadena de suministro sostenible (SSC). Es fundamental comprender el potencial de los DT para lograr la sostenibilidad holística a través de la adopción y difusión efectivas de la tecnología. Para lograr el objetivo, en este estudio se utiliza un enfoque integrado que combina el método bayesiano y el Best Worst Method (BWM) para evaluar los DT en la cadena de suministro (SC) de las economías emergentes. La revisión sistemática de la literatura arrojó un total de 10 DT para SSC, que luego se evaluaron utilizando el Bayesian-BWM para explorar los DT más críticos para un ejemplo bien conocido de la industria de prendas de vestir confeccionadas (RMG) de Bangladesh. Los resultados muestran que los tres DT más esenciales para SSC son "Internet de las cosas (IoT)", "Fabricación en la nube" e "Inteligencia artificial (IA)". Los conocimientos de la investigación facilitarán a los responsables de la formulación de políticas y a los profesionales la determinación de dónde concentrar los esfuerzos durante la etapa de adopción y difusión de la tecnología para mejorar la producción sostenible mediante la gestión de las operaciones de SC en un entorno empresarial incierto. The fourth industrial revolution, commonly recognized as Industry 4.0, has been ushered by modern and innovative intelligence and communication technologies. Concerns about disruptive technologies (DTs) are beginning to grow in developing countries, despite the fact that the trade-offs between implementation difficulties and realistic effects are still unknown. Hence, prioritization and promotion of such technologies should be considered when investing in them to ensure sustainability. The study aims to provide new critical insights into what DTs are and how to identify the significant DTs for sustainable supply chain (SSC). Understanding the DTs' potential for achieving holistic sustainability through effective technology adoption and diffusion is critical. To achieve the goal, an integrated approach combining the Bayesian method and the Best Worst Method (BWM) is utilized in this study to evaluate DTs in emerging economies' supply chain (SC). The systematic literature review yielded a total of 10 DTs for SSC, which were then evaluated using the Bayesian-BWM to explore the most critical DTs for a well-known example of the readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. The results show that the three most essential DTs for SSC are "Internet of things (IoT)", "Cloud manufacturing", and "Artificial intelligence (AI)". The research insights will facilitate policymakers and practitioners in determining where to concentrate efforts during the technology adoption and diffusion stage in order to improve sustainable production through managing SC operations in an uncertain business environment. إن الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، المعروفة عمومًا باسم الصناعة 4.0، قد بشرت بها تقنيات الذكاء والاتصالات الحديثة والمبتكرة. بدأت المخاوف بشأن التقنيات التخريبية (DTs) في النمو في البلدان النامية، على الرغم من حقيقة أن المفاضلات بين صعوبات التنفيذ والآثار الواقعية لا تزال غير معروفة. وبالتالي، ينبغي النظر في تحديد أولويات هذه التقنيات وتعزيزها عند الاستثمار فيها لضمان الاستدامة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤى نقدية جديدة حول ماهية DTs وكيفية تحديد DTs المهمة لسلسلة التوريد المستدامة (SSC). إن فهم إمكانات DTs لتحقيق الاستدامة الشاملة من خلال اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها بشكل فعال أمر بالغ الأهمية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، يتم استخدام نهج متكامل يجمع بين الطريقة البايزية وأفضل طريقة أسوأ (BWM) في هذه الدراسة لتقييم DTs في سلسلة التوريد في الاقتصادات الناشئة (SC). أسفرت مراجعة الأدبيات المنهجية عن ما مجموعه 10 DTs لـ SSC، والتي تم تقييمها بعد ذلك باستخدام Bayesian - BWM لاستكشاف DTs الأكثر أهمية لمثال معروف لصناعة الملابس الجاهزة (RMG) في بنغلاديش. تُظهر النتائج أن أهم ثلاثة أدوات تشخيصية للتعاون فيما بين بلدان الجنوب هي "إنترنت الأشياء (IoT )" و" التصنيع السحابي "و" الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI )". ستسهل رؤى البحث على صانعي السياسات والممارسين تحديد مكان تركيز الجهود خلال مرحلة اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها من أجل تحسين الإنتاج المستدام من خلال إدارة عمليات منظمة رعاية الأطفال في بيئة أعمال غير مؤكدة.

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    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Juan García; Esteban Inga;

    This paper presents a georeferenced optimal planning model of a rural distribution network for deploying an underground network considering a real scenario for increasing electrification in this area. A model is presented based on a heuristic process that minimizes the resources required to route the grid for a defined time horizon. Then, the model is scalable according to the population density, the established and georeferenced zone, and the specified period; that is, it adjusts to any of these variables. Additionally, the modeling is presented in CYME software, considering a series of technical criteria to provide the actual scenario with a verifiable planning model of an underground network. Therefore, the voltage drop and level of overload in transformers and feeders are considered to deliver an optimum power quality to the end-user. These results will be tabulated and presented as an alternative to different planning and design models that an electric distribution company may have to minimize the resources used in an underground deployment.

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    Authors: Juan García; Esteban Inga;

    This paper presents a georeferenced optimal planning model of a rural distribution network for deploying an underground network considering a real scenario for increasing electrification in this area. A model is presented based on a heuristic process that minimizes the resources required to route the grid for a defined time horizon. Then, the model is scalable according to the population density, the established and georeferenced zone, and the specified period; that is, it adjusts to any of these variables. Additionally, the modeling is presented in CYME software, considering a series of technical criteria to provide the actual scenario with a verifiable planning model of an underground network. Therefore, the voltage drop and level of overload in transformers and feeders are considered to deliver an optimum power quality to the end-user. These results will be tabulated and presented as an alternative to different planning and design models that an electric distribution company may have to minimize the resources used in an underground deployment.

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      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nahid Sultana; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Rasheda Khanam; Zobaidul Kabir;

    This paper explores the impacts of informal economic activities and institutional capacity, particularly, corruption control on the environmental quality degradation of emerging economies under the prevailing socio-economic conditions and energy use patterns of the countries. The study utilizes key environmental degradation indicators: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, ecological footprints (EFs), and Nitrous Oxide (NO) emissions, and a panel dataset of 15 emerging countries for the period 2002-2019 to undertake an empirical investigation. The pooled mean group (PMG)-ARDL estimator, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) methods have been applied as empirical investigation techniques. The empirical findings reveal that in the long-run informal economic activities positively affect the environmental quality with fewer recorded emissions of CO2 and EFs while these activities affect negatively to NO emissions. This study has also found that corruption control improves environmental quality by reducing EFs and NO emissions but works to the opposite by increasing recorded CO2 emissions. An increase in economic growth and renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality in emerging countries, while consumption of non-renewable energy degrades the environmental quality. The robust empirical findings advocate policy initiatives for intense monitoring of informal activities and implementation of indirect tax policy to regulate informal activities and the pollution they cause. Careful measures of corruption control and initiatives to bring the informal economic activities into a formal framework are suggested to reduce CO2 and NO emissions. An increase in economic growth with more focus on renewables and phasing out non-renewables can ensure green growth in emerging countries.

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    Authors: Nahid Sultana; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Rasheda Khanam; Zobaidul Kabir;

    This paper explores the impacts of informal economic activities and institutional capacity, particularly, corruption control on the environmental quality degradation of emerging economies under the prevailing socio-economic conditions and energy use patterns of the countries. The study utilizes key environmental degradation indicators: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, ecological footprints (EFs), and Nitrous Oxide (NO) emissions, and a panel dataset of 15 emerging countries for the period 2002-2019 to undertake an empirical investigation. The pooled mean group (PMG)-ARDL estimator, Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) methods have been applied as empirical investigation techniques. The empirical findings reveal that in the long-run informal economic activities positively affect the environmental quality with fewer recorded emissions of CO2 and EFs while these activities affect negatively to NO emissions. This study has also found that corruption control improves environmental quality by reducing EFs and NO emissions but works to the opposite by increasing recorded CO2 emissions. An increase in economic growth and renewable energy consumption improves environmental quality in emerging countries, while consumption of non-renewable energy degrades the environmental quality. The robust empirical findings advocate policy initiatives for intense monitoring of informal activities and implementation of indirect tax policy to regulate informal activities and the pollution they cause. Careful measures of corruption control and initiatives to bring the informal economic activities into a formal framework are suggested to reduce CO2 and NO emissions. An increase in economic growth with more focus on renewables and phasing out non-renewables can ensure green growth in emerging countries.

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    Authors: Md. Saifullah Bin Aziz; Neaz A. Hasan; Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol; Md. Mehedi Alam; +1 Authors

    Cette étude évalue les changements dans la diversité des espèces de poissons au fil du temps à Hakaluki Haor, une zone humide écologiquement critique au Bangladesh, et les facteurs affectant cette diversité. Les données sur la diversité des espèces de poissons ont été recueillies auprès des pêcheurs à l'aide d'outils d'évaluation rurale participative et le changement dans la diversité des espèces de poissons a été déterminé à l'aide des indices de richesse de Shannon-Wiener, de Margalef et de Evenness de Pielou. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a été menée avec un ensemble de données de 150 pêcheurs pour caractériser les principaux facteurs responsables de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons. Sur 63 espèces de poissons, 83 % se trouvaient dans la catégorie disponible en 2008, qui est tombée à 51 % en 2018. Les indices de diversité des espèces de poissons pour les 12 ordres taxonomiques en 2008 ont considérablement diminué en 2018. Le premier PCA (changement climatique) responsable de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons expliquait 24,05 % de la variance et se composait de précipitations erratiques (coefficient de corrélation positif 0,680), de fortes précipitations (−0,544), de fluctuations de température (0,561) et d'envasement du beel (0,503). Le deuxième PCA était l'activité anthropique, y compris l'utilisation d'engins de pêche nocifs (0,702), l'application d'urée pour récolter le poisson (0,673), le séchage annuel des haricots (0,531) et la surpêche (0,513). Enfin, le troisième PCA a été chargé avec l'âge des pêcheurs (0,719), l'éducation (−0,767) et l'expérience de pêche (0,695) des pêcheurs. L'approfondissement des bettes pourrait améliorer la disponibilité de l'eau en saison sèche et abriter les poissons. Imposer des règlements de pêche pour réduire les activités humaines est inévitable pour soutenir la pêche au haor. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la diversidad de especies de peces a lo largo del tiempo en Hakaluki Haor, un humedal ecológicamente crítico en Bangladesh, y los factores que afectan esta diversidad. Los datos de diversidad de especies de peces se recopilaron de los pescadores utilizando herramientas de evaluación rural participativa y el cambio en la diversidad de especies de peces se determinó utilizando los índices Shannon-Wiener, Margalef 's Richness y Pielou' s Evenness. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) se realizó con un conjunto de datos de 150 encuestas de pescadores para caracterizar los principales factores responsables de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces. De las 63 especies de peces, el 83% de ellas estaban bajo la categoría disponible en 2008, que disminuyó al 51% en 2018. Los índices de diversidad de especies de peces para los 12 órdenes taxonómicos en 2008 disminuyeron notablemente en 2018. El primer PCA (cambio climático) responsable de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces explicó el 24,05% de la varianza y consistió en precipitaciones erráticas (coeficiente de correlación positiva 0,680), precipitaciones intensas (-0,544), fluctuación de temperatura (0,561) y sedimentación de abeja (0,503). El segundo PCA fue la actividad antropogénica, incluido el uso de artes de pesca dañinos (0.702), la aplicación de urea para cosechar peces (0.673), el secado anual de las abejas (0.531) y la sobrepesca (0.513). Finalmente, el tercer PCA se cargó con la edad de los pescadores (0,719), la educación (-0,767) y la experiencia de pesca (0,695) de los pescadores. La profundización de los granos podría mejorar la disponibilidad de agua en la estación seca y proteger a los peces. La imposición de regulaciones pesqueras para reducir las actividades humanas es inevitable para mantener las pesquerías de Haor. This study evaluates changes in fish species diversity over time in Hakaluki Haor, an ecologically critical wetland in Bangladesh, and the factors affecting this diversity. Fish species diversity data were collected from fishers using participatory rural appraisal tools and the change in the fish species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener, Margalef's Richness and Pielou's Evenness indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with a dataset of 150 fishers survey to characterize the major factors responsible for the reduction of fish species diversity. Out of 63 fish species, 83% of them were under the available category in 2008 which decreased to 51% in 2018. Fish species diversity indices for all 12 taxonomic orders in 2008 declined remarkably in 2018. The first PCA (climatic change) responsible for the reduced fish species diversity explained 24.05% of the variance and consisted of erratic rainfall (positive correlation coefficient 0.680), heavy rainfall (−0.544), temperature fluctuation (0.561), and beel siltation (0.503). The second PCA was anthropogenic activity, including the use of harmful fishing gear (0.702), application of urea to harvest fish (0.673), drying beels annually (0.531), and overfishing (0.513). Finally, the third PCA was loaded with the fishermen age (0.719), education (−0.767), and fishing experience (0.695) of the fishers. Deepening of beels could enhance dry season water availability and shelter the fish. Imposing fisheries regulations to reduce human activities is inevitable to sustain haor fisheries. تقيّم هذه الدراسة التغيرات في تنوع أنواع الأسماك بمرور الوقت في هاكالوكي هاور، وهي أرض رطبة حرجة بيئيًا في بنغلاديش، والعوامل التي تؤثر على هذا التنوع. تم جمع بيانات تنوع أنواع الأسماك من الصيادين باستخدام أدوات التقييم الريفي التشاركي وتم تحديد التغيير في تنوع أنواع الأسماك باستخدام مؤشرات شانون وينر ومارجاليف للثراء وبييلو للتساوي. تم إجراء تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA) مع مجموعة بيانات من 150 دراسة استقصائية لصيادي الأسماك لتوصيف العوامل الرئيسية المسؤولة عن الحد من تنوع أنواع الأسماك. من بين 63 نوعًا من الأسماك، كان 83 ٪ منها ضمن الفئة المتاحة في عام 2008 والتي انخفضت إلى 51 ٪ في عام 2018. انخفضت مؤشرات تنوع أنواع الأسماك لجميع الرتب التصنيفية الاثني عشر في عام 2008 بشكل ملحوظ في عام 2018. أوضح أول PCA (تغير مناخي) مسؤول عن انخفاض تنوع أنواع الأسماك 24.05 ٪ من التباين وتألف من هطول الأمطار غير المنتظم (معامل الارتباط الإيجابي 0.680)، وهطول الأمطار الغزيرة (-0.544)، وتقلب درجة الحرارة (0.561)، وطمي الكعب (0.503). كان الأنيسول الخماسي الكلور الثاني هو النشاط البشري المنشأ، بما في ذلك استخدام معدات الصيد الضارة (0.702)، واستخدام اليوريا لصيد الأسماك (0.673)، وتجفيف اللحية سنويًا (0.531)، والصيد الجائر (0.513). أخيرًا، تم تحميل اتفاقية التعاون البرنامجي الثالثة بعمر الصيادين (0.719)، والتعليم (-0.767)، وخبرة الصيد (0.695) للصيادين. يمكن أن يؤدي تعميق البيلز إلى تعزيز توافر المياه في موسم الجفاف وحماية الأسماك. إن فرض لوائح مصايد الأسماك للحد من الأنشطة البشرية أمر لا مفر منه للحفاظ على مصايد الحور.

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    Authors: Md. Saifullah Bin Aziz; Neaz A. Hasan; Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol; Md. Mehedi Alam; +1 Authors

    Cette étude évalue les changements dans la diversité des espèces de poissons au fil du temps à Hakaluki Haor, une zone humide écologiquement critique au Bangladesh, et les facteurs affectant cette diversité. Les données sur la diversité des espèces de poissons ont été recueillies auprès des pêcheurs à l'aide d'outils d'évaluation rurale participative et le changement dans la diversité des espèces de poissons a été déterminé à l'aide des indices de richesse de Shannon-Wiener, de Margalef et de Evenness de Pielou. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a été menée avec un ensemble de données de 150 pêcheurs pour caractériser les principaux facteurs responsables de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons. Sur 63 espèces de poissons, 83 % se trouvaient dans la catégorie disponible en 2008, qui est tombée à 51 % en 2018. Les indices de diversité des espèces de poissons pour les 12 ordres taxonomiques en 2008 ont considérablement diminué en 2018. Le premier PCA (changement climatique) responsable de la réduction de la diversité des espèces de poissons expliquait 24,05 % de la variance et se composait de précipitations erratiques (coefficient de corrélation positif 0,680), de fortes précipitations (−0,544), de fluctuations de température (0,561) et d'envasement du beel (0,503). Le deuxième PCA était l'activité anthropique, y compris l'utilisation d'engins de pêche nocifs (0,702), l'application d'urée pour récolter le poisson (0,673), le séchage annuel des haricots (0,531) et la surpêche (0,513). Enfin, le troisième PCA a été chargé avec l'âge des pêcheurs (0,719), l'éducation (−0,767) et l'expérience de pêche (0,695) des pêcheurs. L'approfondissement des bettes pourrait améliorer la disponibilité de l'eau en saison sèche et abriter les poissons. Imposer des règlements de pêche pour réduire les activités humaines est inévitable pour soutenir la pêche au haor. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la diversidad de especies de peces a lo largo del tiempo en Hakaluki Haor, un humedal ecológicamente crítico en Bangladesh, y los factores que afectan esta diversidad. Los datos de diversidad de especies de peces se recopilaron de los pescadores utilizando herramientas de evaluación rural participativa y el cambio en la diversidad de especies de peces se determinó utilizando los índices Shannon-Wiener, Margalef 's Richness y Pielou' s Evenness. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) se realizó con un conjunto de datos de 150 encuestas de pescadores para caracterizar los principales factores responsables de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces. De las 63 especies de peces, el 83% de ellas estaban bajo la categoría disponible en 2008, que disminuyó al 51% en 2018. Los índices de diversidad de especies de peces para los 12 órdenes taxonómicos en 2008 disminuyeron notablemente en 2018. El primer PCA (cambio climático) responsable de la reducción de la diversidad de especies de peces explicó el 24,05% de la varianza y consistió en precipitaciones erráticas (coeficiente de correlación positiva 0,680), precipitaciones intensas (-0,544), fluctuación de temperatura (0,561) y sedimentación de abeja (0,503). El segundo PCA fue la actividad antropogénica, incluido el uso de artes de pesca dañinos (0.702), la aplicación de urea para cosechar peces (0.673), el secado anual de las abejas (0.531) y la sobrepesca (0.513). Finalmente, el tercer PCA se cargó con la edad de los pescadores (0,719), la educación (-0,767) y la experiencia de pesca (0,695) de los pescadores. La profundización de los granos podría mejorar la disponibilidad de agua en la estación seca y proteger a los peces. La imposición de regulaciones pesqueras para reducir las actividades humanas es inevitable para mantener las pesquerías de Haor. This study evaluates changes in fish species diversity over time in Hakaluki Haor, an ecologically critical wetland in Bangladesh, and the factors affecting this diversity. Fish species diversity data were collected from fishers using participatory rural appraisal tools and the change in the fish species diversity was determined using Shannon-Wiener, Margalef's Richness and Pielou's Evenness indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with a dataset of 150 fishers survey to characterize the major factors responsible for the reduction of fish species diversity. Out of 63 fish species, 83% of them were under the available category in 2008 which decreased to 51% in 2018. Fish species diversity indices for all 12 taxonomic orders in 2008 declined remarkably in 2018. The first PCA (climatic change) responsible for the reduced fish species diversity explained 24.05% of the variance and consisted of erratic rainfall (positive correlation coefficient 0.680), heavy rainfall (−0.544), temperature fluctuation (0.561), and beel siltation (0.503). The second PCA was anthropogenic activity, including the use of harmful fishing gear (0.702), application of urea to harvest fish (0.673), drying beels annually (0.531), and overfishing (0.513). Finally, the third PCA was loaded with the fishermen age (0.719), education (−0.767), and fishing experience (0.695) of the fishers. Deepening of beels could enhance dry season water availability and shelter the fish. Imposing fisheries regulations to reduce human activities is inevitable to sustain haor fisheries. تقيّم هذه الدراسة التغيرات في تنوع أنواع الأسماك بمرور الوقت في هاكالوكي هاور، وهي أرض رطبة حرجة بيئيًا في بنغلاديش، والعوامل التي تؤثر على هذا التنوع. تم جمع بيانات تنوع أنواع الأسماك من الصيادين باستخدام أدوات التقييم الريفي التشاركي وتم تحديد التغيير في تنوع أنواع الأسماك باستخدام مؤشرات شانون وينر ومارجاليف للثراء وبييلو للتساوي. تم إجراء تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA) مع مجموعة بيانات من 150 دراسة استقصائية لصيادي الأسماك لتوصيف العوامل الرئيسية المسؤولة عن الحد من تنوع أنواع الأسماك. من بين 63 نوعًا من الأسماك، كان 83 ٪ منها ضمن الفئة المتاحة في عام 2008 والتي انخفضت إلى 51 ٪ في عام 2018. انخفضت مؤشرات تنوع أنواع الأسماك لجميع الرتب التصنيفية الاثني عشر في عام 2008 بشكل ملحوظ في عام 2018. أوضح أول PCA (تغير مناخي) مسؤول عن انخفاض تنوع أنواع الأسماك 24.05 ٪ من التباين وتألف من هطول الأمطار غير المنتظم (معامل الارتباط الإيجابي 0.680)، وهطول الأمطار الغزيرة (-0.544)، وتقلب درجة الحرارة (0.561)، وطمي الكعب (0.503). كان الأنيسول الخماسي الكلور الثاني هو النشاط البشري المنشأ، بما في ذلك استخدام معدات الصيد الضارة (0.702)، واستخدام اليوريا لصيد الأسماك (0.673)، وتجفيف اللحية سنويًا (0.531)، والصيد الجائر (0.513). أخيرًا، تم تحميل اتفاقية التعاون البرنامجي الثالثة بعمر الصيادين (0.719)، والتعليم (-0.767)، وخبرة الصيد (0.695) للصيادين. يمكن أن يؤدي تعميق البيلز إلى تعزيز توافر المياه في موسم الجفاف وحماية الأسماك. إن فرض لوائح مصايد الأسماك للحد من الأنشطة البشرية أمر لا مفر منه للحفاظ على مصايد الحور.

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    Authors: Md Jahid Hasan; Muhammad Shajib Rahman;

    This study identifies the key factors accelerating the eco-innovation initiatives of manufacturing Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study further attempted to measure the impact of eco-innovation on a firm's economic, environmental, and societal performance, broadly called sustainability. Following the convenience sampling technique, data was collected from 876 respondents through a structured questionnaire considering the 7-point Likert scale. The Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) has been employed using Smart PLS v3.3 software to simultaneously show the constructs' relationships. Moreover, the study incorporated several tests to check the reliability and validity of the data. Furthermore, the degree to which data collected for this study fits well with the model has been tested by calculating model fit indices- NFI and SRMR. The findings reveal that all other factors Technological Capabilities (TC), Environmental Regulations (ER), Green products (GP), Competitive Pressure (CP), and Energy Price (EP) has a significant positive association with the firm's Eco-innovation initiatives except FR. Moreover, Eco-innovation (EI) greatly enhances the two domains of Sustainability- Environmental Performance (EnP) and Societal Performance (SoP) in manufacturing SMEs in Bangladesh. However, the relationship between EI and EcP was found to be insignificant. Apart from Economic Performance (EcP) andEnvironmental Performance(EnP), Societal Performance (SoP) as a sustainability domain remains unattended in the prior study, which has been incorporated in this research. Thus, the findings of this study will provide some unique implications for business managers and policymakers.

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    Authors: Md Jahid Hasan; Muhammad Shajib Rahman;

    This study identifies the key factors accelerating the eco-innovation initiatives of manufacturing Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. The study further attempted to measure the impact of eco-innovation on a firm's economic, environmental, and societal performance, broadly called sustainability. Following the convenience sampling technique, data was collected from 876 respondents through a structured questionnaire considering the 7-point Likert scale. The Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) has been employed using Smart PLS v3.3 software to simultaneously show the constructs' relationships. Moreover, the study incorporated several tests to check the reliability and validity of the data. Furthermore, the degree to which data collected for this study fits well with the model has been tested by calculating model fit indices- NFI and SRMR. The findings reveal that all other factors Technological Capabilities (TC), Environmental Regulations (ER), Green products (GP), Competitive Pressure (CP), and Energy Price (EP) has a significant positive association with the firm's Eco-innovation initiatives except FR. Moreover, Eco-innovation (EI) greatly enhances the two domains of Sustainability- Environmental Performance (EnP) and Societal Performance (SoP) in manufacturing SMEs in Bangladesh. However, the relationship between EI and EcP was found to be insignificant. Apart from Economic Performance (EcP) andEnvironmental Performance(EnP), Societal Performance (SoP) as a sustainability domain remains unattended in the prior study, which has been incorporated in this research. Thus, the findings of this study will provide some unique implications for business managers and policymakers.

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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Martín Muñoz-Salcedo; Manuel Ruiz de Adana; Fernando Peci-López;

    Energy needs in the buildings sector accounts for 40 % of global energy demand. Therefore, the implementation of several renewable energy sources is necessary to reduce this demand. The design stage of a decentralized generation project requires quantifying the power to be installed and the energy forecast for each source throughout the useful life of the building. This study develops a novel optimization algorithm for a long-term economic function based on mixed-integer disciplined convex programming (MIDCP) which guarantees the sustainability of the building and its energy systems. The robust algorithm integrates risk management of intermittent sources, technical and economic parameters of selected technologies, and life cycle analysis (LCA) of different energy systems, including storage. Furthermore, the penetration of green hydrogen into the distributed generation mix is evaluated as an important contribution. Meteorological and energy demand variables of two antagonistic scenarios were also used as inputs to the algorithm. As a result, the optimal energy supply sizing for tertiary buildings in the two defined locations was obtained. The results of the simulations have achieved an optimal convergence of 100 % in the proposed scenarios, with a resolution time of 14 s and using a memory of about 183 MB. The simulations suggest a higher penetration of green hydrogen in scenarios where supply and investment costs decrease to gray hydrogen supply levels, reaching up to 81 % coverage of the thermal demand of the building. Hybrid energy systems under favorable conditions show a penetration of about 92 % within the distributed generation mix. The developed tool could enable decision-makers to optimally plan distributed generation projects in buildings based on economic, policy, and geographic conditions.

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    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
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      https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
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    Authors: Martín Muñoz-Salcedo; Manuel Ruiz de Adana; Fernando Peci-López;

    Energy needs in the buildings sector accounts for 40 % of global energy demand. Therefore, the implementation of several renewable energy sources is necessary to reduce this demand. The design stage of a decentralized generation project requires quantifying the power to be installed and the energy forecast for each source throughout the useful life of the building. This study develops a novel optimization algorithm for a long-term economic function based on mixed-integer disciplined convex programming (MIDCP) which guarantees the sustainability of the building and its energy systems. The robust algorithm integrates risk management of intermittent sources, technical and economic parameters of selected technologies, and life cycle analysis (LCA) of different energy systems, including storage. Furthermore, the penetration of green hydrogen into the distributed generation mix is evaluated as an important contribution. Meteorological and energy demand variables of two antagonistic scenarios were also used as inputs to the algorithm. As a result, the optimal energy supply sizing for tertiary buildings in the two defined locations was obtained. The results of the simulations have achieved an optimal convergence of 100 % in the proposed scenarios, with a resolution time of 14 s and using a memory of about 183 MB. The simulations suggest a higher penetration of green hydrogen in scenarios where supply and investment costs decrease to gray hydrogen supply levels, reaching up to 81 % coverage of the thermal demand of the building. Hybrid energy systems under favorable conditions show a penetration of about 92 % within the distributed generation mix. The developed tool could enable decision-makers to optimally plan distributed generation projects in buildings based on economic, policy, and geographic conditions.

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    Heliyon
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4...
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    Authors: Jayanta Biswas; Md. Abu Jobaer; Salman F. Haque; Md. Samiul Islam Shozib; +1 Authors

    El cambio en la cobertura del uso de la tierra (LULC) tiene un impacto significativo en la sostenibilidad urbana, la planificación urbana, el cambio climático, la gestión de los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad. El Área Metropolitana de Chattogram (CMA) ha estado pasando por una rápida urbanización, lo que ha impactado la transformación de LULC y ha acelerado el crecimiento de la expansión urbana y el desarrollo no planificado. Para mapear esas extensiones urbanas y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, este estudio tiene como objetivo monitorear el cambio de LULC utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat de 2003 a 2023 en la plataforma de teledetección basada en la nube Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC se ha clasificado en cinco clases distintas: cuerpo de agua, acumulación, tierra desnuda, vegetación densa y tierras de cultivo, empleando cuatro algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (bosque aleatorio, aumento de árboles de gradiente, árbol de clasificación y regresión y máquina de vectores de soporte) en la plataforma GEE. La precisión general (estadísticas kappa) y la curva de características operativas del receptor (Roc) han demostrado resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados indican que el modelo CART supera a otros modelos LULC al considerar la eficiencia y la precisión en la región de estudio designada. El análisis de las conversiones de LULC reveló tendencias, patrones y magnitudes notables en todos los períodos: 2003–2013, 2013–2023 y 2003–2023. La expansión de las áreas urbanizadas no reguladas y la disminución de las tierras de cultivo surgieron como principales preocupaciones. Sin embargo, hubo una indicación positiva de un aumento significativo de la vegetación densa dentro del área de estudio durante los 20 años. Le changement de la couverture terrestre (LULC) a un impact significatif sur la durabilité urbaine, la planification urbaine, le changement climatique, la gestion des ressources naturelles et la biodiversité. La région métropolitaine de Chattogram (RMR) a connu une urbanisation rapide, ce qui a eu un impact sur la transformation du LULC et a accéléré la croissance de l'étalement urbain et du développement non planifié. Pour cartographier ces étendues urbaines et l'épuisement des ressources naturelles, cette étude vise à surveiller le changement LULC à l'aide de l'imagerie satellitaire Landsat de 2003 à 2023 dans la plate-forme de télédétection basée sur le cloud Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC a été classé en cinq classes distinctes : plan d'eau, construction, terre nue, végétation dense et terres cultivées, en utilisant quatre algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique (forêt aléatoire, arbre de gradient, arbre de classification et de régression et machine vectorielle de support) dans la plate-forme GEE. La précision globale (statistiques kappa) et la courbe de la caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur (roc) ont démontré des résultats satisfaisants. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle CART surpasse les autres modèles LULC en termes d'efficacité et de précision dans la région d'étude désignée. L'analyse des conversions LULC a révélé des tendances, des modèles et des amplitudes notables pour toutes les périodes : 2003–2013, 2013–2023 et 2003–2023. L'expansion des zones bâties non réglementées et le déclin des terres cultivées sont apparus comme des préoccupations majeures. Cependant, il y avait une indication positive d'une augmentation significative de la végétation dense dans la zone d'étude au cours des 20 années. Land use land cover change (LULC) significantly impacts urban sustainability, urban planning, climate change, natural resource management, and biodiversity. The Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) has been going through rapid urbanization, which has impacted the LULC transformation and accelerated the growth of urban sprawl and unplanned development. To map those urban sprawls and natural resources depletion, this study aims to monitor the LULC change using Landsat satellite imagery from 2003 to 2023 in the cloud-based remote sensing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC has been classified into five distinct classes: waterbody, build-up, bare land, dense vegetation, and cropland, employing four machine learning algorithms (random forest, gradient tree boost, classification & regression tree, and support vector machine) in the GEE platform. The overall accuracy (kappa statistics) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve have demonstrated satisfactory results. The results indicate that the CART model outperforms other LULC models when considering efficiency and accuracy in the designated study region. The analysis of LULC conversions revealed notable trends, patterns, and magnitudes across all periods: 2003–2013, 2013–2023, and 2003–2023. The expansion of unregulated built-up areas and the decline of croplands emerged as primary concerns. However, there was a positive indication of a significant increase in dense vegetation within the study area over the 20 years. يؤثر تغير استخدام الأراضي (LULC) بشكل كبير على الاستدامة الحضرية والتخطيط الحضري وتغير المناخ وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية والتنوع البيولوجي. تشهد منطقة تشاتوغرام الحضرية (CMA) تحضرًا سريعًا، مما أثر على تحول LULC وتسارع نمو الزحف العمراني والتنمية غير المخطط لها. ولرسم خريطة لتلك الزحف العمراني واستنزاف الموارد الطبيعية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراقبة تغيير استخدام الأراضي والممتلكات باستخدام صور القمر الصناعي لاندسات من عام 2003 إلى عام 2023 في منصة الاستشعار عن بعد القائمة على السحابة Google Earth Engine (GEE). تم تصنيف LULC إلى خمس فئات متميزة: المسطح المائي، والتراكم، والأرض العارية، والغطاء النباتي الكثيف، والأراضي الزراعية، باستخدام أربع خوارزميات للتعلم الآلي (الغابات العشوائية، وتعزيز شجرة التدرج، وشجرة التصنيف والانحدار، وآلة ناقلات الدعم) في منصة GEE. أظهرت الدقة الإجمالية (إحصائيات كابا) ومنحنى خاصية تشغيل جهاز الاستقبال (ROC) نتائج مرضية. تشير النتائج إلى أن نموذج CART يتفوق على نماذج LULC الأخرى عند النظر في الكفاءة والدقة في منطقة الدراسة المحددة. كشف تحليل تحويلات LULC عن اتجاهات وأنماط وأحجام ملحوظة في جميع الفترات: 2003–2013 و 2013–2023 و 2003–2023. برز التوسع في المناطق المبنية غير المنظمة وتراجع الأراضي الزراعية كمخاوف أساسية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك مؤشر إيجابي على زيادة كبيرة في الغطاء النباتي الكثيف داخل منطقة الدراسة على مدى 20 عامًا.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jayanta Biswas; Md. Abu Jobaer; Salman F. Haque; Md. Samiul Islam Shozib; +1 Authors

    El cambio en la cobertura del uso de la tierra (LULC) tiene un impacto significativo en la sostenibilidad urbana, la planificación urbana, el cambio climático, la gestión de los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad. El Área Metropolitana de Chattogram (CMA) ha estado pasando por una rápida urbanización, lo que ha impactado la transformación de LULC y ha acelerado el crecimiento de la expansión urbana y el desarrollo no planificado. Para mapear esas extensiones urbanas y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, este estudio tiene como objetivo monitorear el cambio de LULC utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat de 2003 a 2023 en la plataforma de teledetección basada en la nube Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC se ha clasificado en cinco clases distintas: cuerpo de agua, acumulación, tierra desnuda, vegetación densa y tierras de cultivo, empleando cuatro algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (bosque aleatorio, aumento de árboles de gradiente, árbol de clasificación y regresión y máquina de vectores de soporte) en la plataforma GEE. La precisión general (estadísticas kappa) y la curva de características operativas del receptor (Roc) han demostrado resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados indican que el modelo CART supera a otros modelos LULC al considerar la eficiencia y la precisión en la región de estudio designada. El análisis de las conversiones de LULC reveló tendencias, patrones y magnitudes notables en todos los períodos: 2003–2013, 2013–2023 y 2003–2023. La expansión de las áreas urbanizadas no reguladas y la disminución de las tierras de cultivo surgieron como principales preocupaciones. Sin embargo, hubo una indicación positiva de un aumento significativo de la vegetación densa dentro del área de estudio durante los 20 años. Le changement de la couverture terrestre (LULC) a un impact significatif sur la durabilité urbaine, la planification urbaine, le changement climatique, la gestion des ressources naturelles et la biodiversité. La région métropolitaine de Chattogram (RMR) a connu une urbanisation rapide, ce qui a eu un impact sur la transformation du LULC et a accéléré la croissance de l'étalement urbain et du développement non planifié. Pour cartographier ces étendues urbaines et l'épuisement des ressources naturelles, cette étude vise à surveiller le changement LULC à l'aide de l'imagerie satellitaire Landsat de 2003 à 2023 dans la plate-forme de télédétection basée sur le cloud Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC a été classé en cinq classes distinctes : plan d'eau, construction, terre nue, végétation dense et terres cultivées, en utilisant quatre algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique (forêt aléatoire, arbre de gradient, arbre de classification et de régression et machine vectorielle de support) dans la plate-forme GEE. La précision globale (statistiques kappa) et la courbe de la caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur (roc) ont démontré des résultats satisfaisants. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle CART surpasse les autres modèles LULC en termes d'efficacité et de précision dans la région d'étude désignée. L'analyse des conversions LULC a révélé des tendances, des modèles et des amplitudes notables pour toutes les périodes : 2003–2013, 2013–2023 et 2003–2023. L'expansion des zones bâties non réglementées et le déclin des terres cultivées sont apparus comme des préoccupations majeures. Cependant, il y avait une indication positive d'une augmentation significative de la végétation dense dans la zone d'étude au cours des 20 années. Land use land cover change (LULC) significantly impacts urban sustainability, urban planning, climate change, natural resource management, and biodiversity. The Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) has been going through rapid urbanization, which has impacted the LULC transformation and accelerated the growth of urban sprawl and unplanned development. To map those urban sprawls and natural resources depletion, this study aims to monitor the LULC change using Landsat satellite imagery from 2003 to 2023 in the cloud-based remote sensing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). LULC has been classified into five distinct classes: waterbody, build-up, bare land, dense vegetation, and cropland, employing four machine learning algorithms (random forest, gradient tree boost, classification & regression tree, and support vector machine) in the GEE platform. The overall accuracy (kappa statistics) and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve have demonstrated satisfactory results. The results indicate that the CART model outperforms other LULC models when considering efficiency and accuracy in the designated study region. The analysis of LULC conversions revealed notable trends, patterns, and magnitudes across all periods: 2003–2013, 2013–2023, and 2003–2023. The expansion of unregulated built-up areas and the decline of croplands emerged as primary concerns. However, there was a positive indication of a significant increase in dense vegetation within the study area over the 20 years. يؤثر تغير استخدام الأراضي (LULC) بشكل كبير على الاستدامة الحضرية والتخطيط الحضري وتغير المناخ وإدارة الموارد الطبيعية والتنوع البيولوجي. تشهد منطقة تشاتوغرام الحضرية (CMA) تحضرًا سريعًا، مما أثر على تحول LULC وتسارع نمو الزحف العمراني والتنمية غير المخطط لها. ولرسم خريطة لتلك الزحف العمراني واستنزاف الموارد الطبيعية، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراقبة تغيير استخدام الأراضي والممتلكات باستخدام صور القمر الصناعي لاندسات من عام 2003 إلى عام 2023 في منصة الاستشعار عن بعد القائمة على السحابة Google Earth Engine (GEE). تم تصنيف LULC إلى خمس فئات متميزة: المسطح المائي، والتراكم، والأرض العارية، والغطاء النباتي الكثيف، والأراضي الزراعية، باستخدام أربع خوارزميات للتعلم الآلي (الغابات العشوائية، وتعزيز شجرة التدرج، وشجرة التصنيف والانحدار، وآلة ناقلات الدعم) في منصة GEE. أظهرت الدقة الإجمالية (إحصائيات كابا) ومنحنى خاصية تشغيل جهاز الاستقبال (ROC) نتائج مرضية. تشير النتائج إلى أن نموذج CART يتفوق على نماذج LULC الأخرى عند النظر في الكفاءة والدقة في منطقة الدراسة المحددة. كشف تحليل تحويلات LULC عن اتجاهات وأنماط وأحجام ملحوظة في جميع الفترات: 2003–2013 و 2013–2023 و 2003–2023. برز التوسع في المناطق المبنية غير المنظمة وتراجع الأراضي الزراعية كمخاوف أساسية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك مؤشر إيجابي على زيادة كبيرة في الغطاء النباتي الكثيف داخل منطقة الدراسة على مدى 20 عامًا.

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    Authors: Shanjida Chowdhury; Sunjida Khan; Md. Fouad Hossain Sarker; Md Kabirul Islam; +2 Authors

    Le secteur agricole accélère la croissance économique d'un pays vers le développement durable. Il existe une relation significative entre l'agriculture et l'environnement. Le développement agricole durable garantit la qualité des aliments et, en tandem, prévient les calamités naturelles telles que la sécheresse. Cependant, afin de répondre à la demande alimentaire d'une population croissante, une mauvaise qualité de la loi et des pratiques agricoles intenables surviennent, ce qui entraîne à son tour une dégradation de l'environnement. La présente étude explore la relation entre l'atmosphère agro-économique et les émissions de CO2 en tant que mesure de la dégradation de l'environnement au Bangladesh entre les années 1985 et 2017. Pour montrer la relation à long terme entre l'écologie agricole et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, trois équations co-intégrées - les moindres carrés ordinaires entièrement modifiés (FMOLS), les moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS) et la régression co-intégrée canonique (CCR) ont été évaluées. Pour la cointégration, la cointégration Bayer-Hanck était implicite. Dans les estimations à long terme, il a été constaté que le bétail, la superficie de riz récoltée, la production céréalière et d'autres productions végétales entravaient la dégradation de l'environnement. Le test de causalité de Granger a permis une causalité unidirectionnelle envers la biomasse brûlée (résidus de culture), l'économie agricole et les émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, la causalité de cette dimension a conclu que les émissions de dioxyde de carbone étaient causées par la production céréalière, d'autres productions agricoles et la production de terres agricoles. Les résultats globaux de cette étude pourraient potentiellement aider le gouvernement du Bangladesh et les autorités nécessaires à mettre en œuvre des politiques synchronisées pour aider à réduire la pollution environnementale et donner l'exemple à d'autres pays en développement comme le Bangladesh. El sector agrícola acelera el crecimiento económico de una nación hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Existe una relación significativa entre la agricultura y el medio ambiente. El desarrollo agrícola sostenible garantiza la calidad de los alimentos y, en conjunto, previene calamidades naturales como la sequía. Sin embargo, para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de una población en crecimiento, surgen leyes de mala calidad y prácticas agrícolas insostenibles, que a su vez conducen a la degradación ambiental. El presente estudio explora la relación entre la atmósfera agroeconómica y las emisiones de CO2 como medida de la degradación ambiental en Bangladesh entre los años 1985 y 2017. Para mostrar la relación a largo plazo de la ecología agrícola y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, se evaluaron tres ecuaciones cointegradas: mínimo cuadrado ordinario completamente modificado (FMOLS), mínimo cuadrado ordinario dinámico (DOLS) y regresión cointegrada canónica (CCR). Para la cointegración, la cointegración de Bayer-Hanck estaba implícita. En estimaciones a largo plazo, se encontró que el ganado, el área de arroz cosechada, la producción de cereales y otras producciones de cultivos impidieron el deterioro ambiental. La prueba de causalidad de Granger permitió la causalidad unidireccional hacia la biomasa quemada (residuos de cultivos), la economía agrícola y las emisiones de carbono. Por lo tanto, la causalidad de esta dimensión concluyó que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono fueron causadas por la producción de cereales, otras producciones agrícolas y la producción de tierras agrícolas. Los hallazgos generales de este estudio podrían ayudar al Gobierno de Bangladesh y a las autoridades necesarias a implementar políticas sincronizadas para ayudar a reducir la contaminación ambiental y dar ejemplo a otras naciones en desarrollo como Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There exists a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to fulfill the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities for implementing synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There is a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to meet the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities to implement synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. يعمل القطاع الزراعي على تسريع النمو الاقتصادي للدولة نحو التنمية المستدامة. هناك علاقة كبيرة بين الزراعة والبيئة. تضمن التنمية الزراعية المستدامة جودة الغذاء وتمنع الكوارث الطبيعية مثل الجفاف. ومع ذلك، من أجل تلبية الطلب على الغذاء لعدد متزايد من السكان، تنشأ نوعية رديئة للقانون وممارسات زراعية لا يمكن الدفاع عنها، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى التدهور البيئي. تستكشف الدراسة الحالية العلاقة بين الغلاف الجوي الزراعي والاقتصادي وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون كمقياس للتدهور البيئي في بنغلاديش بين عامي 1985 و 2017. لإظهار العلاقة طويلة المدى بين البيئة الزراعية وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، تم تقييم ثلاث معادلات متكاملة للعملة - المربعات الصغرى العادية المعدلة بالكامل (FMOLS)، والمربعات الصغرى العادية الديناميكية (DOLS)، والانحدار المتكامل للعملة الكنسية (CCR). بالنسبة للتكامل المشترك، كان التكامل المشترك بين باير وهانك ضمنيًا. في التقديرات طويلة الأجل، وجد أن الثروة الحيوانية ومساحة الأرز التي تم حصادها وإنتاج الحبوب وغيرها من المحاصيل قد أعاقت التدمير البيئي. مكن اختبار جرانجر السببية السببية أحادية الاتجاه نحو الكتلة الحيوية المحروقة (مخلفات المحاصيل)، والاقتصاد الزراعي، وانبعاثات الكربون. لذلك، خلصت العلاقة السببية لهذا البعد إلى أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ناتجة عن إنتاج الحبوب والإنتاج الزراعي الآخر وإنتاج الأراضي الزراعية. يمكن أن تساعد النتائج الإجمالية لهذه الدراسة حكومة بنغلاديش والسلطات اللازمة على تنفيذ سياسات متزامنة للمساعدة في الحد من التلوث البيئي وتقديم مثال للدول النامية الأخرى مثل بنغلاديش.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Shanjida Chowdhury; Sunjida Khan; Md. Fouad Hossain Sarker; Md Kabirul Islam; +2 Authors

    Le secteur agricole accélère la croissance économique d'un pays vers le développement durable. Il existe une relation significative entre l'agriculture et l'environnement. Le développement agricole durable garantit la qualité des aliments et, en tandem, prévient les calamités naturelles telles que la sécheresse. Cependant, afin de répondre à la demande alimentaire d'une population croissante, une mauvaise qualité de la loi et des pratiques agricoles intenables surviennent, ce qui entraîne à son tour une dégradation de l'environnement. La présente étude explore la relation entre l'atmosphère agro-économique et les émissions de CO2 en tant que mesure de la dégradation de l'environnement au Bangladesh entre les années 1985 et 2017. Pour montrer la relation à long terme entre l'écologie agricole et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, trois équations co-intégrées - les moindres carrés ordinaires entièrement modifiés (FMOLS), les moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS) et la régression co-intégrée canonique (CCR) ont été évaluées. Pour la cointégration, la cointégration Bayer-Hanck était implicite. Dans les estimations à long terme, il a été constaté que le bétail, la superficie de riz récoltée, la production céréalière et d'autres productions végétales entravaient la dégradation de l'environnement. Le test de causalité de Granger a permis une causalité unidirectionnelle envers la biomasse brûlée (résidus de culture), l'économie agricole et les émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, la causalité de cette dimension a conclu que les émissions de dioxyde de carbone étaient causées par la production céréalière, d'autres productions agricoles et la production de terres agricoles. Les résultats globaux de cette étude pourraient potentiellement aider le gouvernement du Bangladesh et les autorités nécessaires à mettre en œuvre des politiques synchronisées pour aider à réduire la pollution environnementale et donner l'exemple à d'autres pays en développement comme le Bangladesh. El sector agrícola acelera el crecimiento económico de una nación hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Existe una relación significativa entre la agricultura y el medio ambiente. El desarrollo agrícola sostenible garantiza la calidad de los alimentos y, en conjunto, previene calamidades naturales como la sequía. Sin embargo, para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de una población en crecimiento, surgen leyes de mala calidad y prácticas agrícolas insostenibles, que a su vez conducen a la degradación ambiental. El presente estudio explora la relación entre la atmósfera agroeconómica y las emisiones de CO2 como medida de la degradación ambiental en Bangladesh entre los años 1985 y 2017. Para mostrar la relación a largo plazo de la ecología agrícola y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, se evaluaron tres ecuaciones cointegradas: mínimo cuadrado ordinario completamente modificado (FMOLS), mínimo cuadrado ordinario dinámico (DOLS) y regresión cointegrada canónica (CCR). Para la cointegración, la cointegración de Bayer-Hanck estaba implícita. En estimaciones a largo plazo, se encontró que el ganado, el área de arroz cosechada, la producción de cereales y otras producciones de cultivos impidieron el deterioro ambiental. La prueba de causalidad de Granger permitió la causalidad unidireccional hacia la biomasa quemada (residuos de cultivos), la economía agrícola y las emisiones de carbono. Por lo tanto, la causalidad de esta dimensión concluyó que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono fueron causadas por la producción de cereales, otras producciones agrícolas y la producción de tierras agrícolas. Los hallazgos generales de este estudio podrían ayudar al Gobierno de Bangladesh y a las autoridades necesarias a implementar políticas sincronizadas para ayudar a reducir la contaminación ambiental y dar ejemplo a otras naciones en desarrollo como Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There exists a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to fulfill the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities for implementing synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. Agricultural sector accelerates a nation's economic growth towards sustainable development. There is a significant relationship between agriculture and the environment. Sustainable agricultural development ensures food quality and in tandem prevents natural calamities like drought. However, in order to meet the food demand of a growing population, poor law quality and untenable agriculture practices arise, which in turn lead to environmental degradation. The current study explores the relationship between the agro-economic atmosphere and CO2 emissions as a measure of environmental degradation in Bangladesh between the years of 1985 and 2017. To exhibit the long-run relationship of agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions, three cointegrated equations- Fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and Canonical cointegrated regression (CCR) were assessed. For cointegration, Bayer-Hanck cointegration was implied. In long-run estimates, it was found that livestock, rice area harvested, cereal production, and other crop production impeded environmental dilapidation. The Granger Causality Test enabled unidirectional causality towards burned biomass (crop residues), the agricultural economy, and carbon emissions. Therefore, this dimension's causality concluded that carbon dioxide emissions were caused by cereal production, other agricultural production, and agricultural land production. The overall findings of this study could potentially assist the Government of Bangladesh and the necessary authorities to implement synchronized policies to help reduce environmental pollution and set an example for other developing nations like Bangladesh. يعمل القطاع الزراعي على تسريع النمو الاقتصادي للدولة نحو التنمية المستدامة. هناك علاقة كبيرة بين الزراعة والبيئة. تضمن التنمية الزراعية المستدامة جودة الغذاء وتمنع الكوارث الطبيعية مثل الجفاف. ومع ذلك، من أجل تلبية الطلب على الغذاء لعدد متزايد من السكان، تنشأ نوعية رديئة للقانون وممارسات زراعية لا يمكن الدفاع عنها، مما يؤدي بدوره إلى التدهور البيئي. تستكشف الدراسة الحالية العلاقة بين الغلاف الجوي الزراعي والاقتصادي وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون كمقياس للتدهور البيئي في بنغلاديش بين عامي 1985 و 2017. لإظهار العلاقة طويلة المدى بين البيئة الزراعية وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، تم تقييم ثلاث معادلات متكاملة للعملة - المربعات الصغرى العادية المعدلة بالكامل (FMOLS)، والمربعات الصغرى العادية الديناميكية (DOLS)، والانحدار المتكامل للعملة الكنسية (CCR). بالنسبة للتكامل المشترك، كان التكامل المشترك بين باير وهانك ضمنيًا. في التقديرات طويلة الأجل، وجد أن الثروة الحيوانية ومساحة الأرز التي تم حصادها وإنتاج الحبوب وغيرها من المحاصيل قد أعاقت التدمير البيئي. مكن اختبار جرانجر السببية السببية أحادية الاتجاه نحو الكتلة الحيوية المحروقة (مخلفات المحاصيل)، والاقتصاد الزراعي، وانبعاثات الكربون. لذلك، خلصت العلاقة السببية لهذا البعد إلى أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ناتجة عن إنتاج الحبوب والإنتاج الزراعي الآخر وإنتاج الأراضي الزراعية. يمكن أن تساعد النتائج الإجمالية لهذه الدراسة حكومة بنغلاديش والسلطات اللازمة على تنفيذ سياسات متزامنة للمساعدة في الحد من التلوث البيئي وتقديم مثال للدول النامية الأخرى مثل بنغلاديش.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Heliyonarrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Ashim C. Das; Shihab Ahmad Shahriar; Md. Arif Chowdhury; Lokman Hossain; +4 Authors

    La sequía es un peligro generalizado que puede afectar enormemente a la biodiversidad, el hábitat de las especies silvestres y el funcionamiento y la estabilidad de los ecosistemas, especialmente en la región seca. Debido a su ubicación geográfica, la región noroeste de Bangladesh tiene un clima comparativamente árido que es muy susceptible a la aparición de sequías y está marcada como una zona roja. A pesar de la creciente evidencia del impacto de la sequía en la seguridad alimentaria y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, se han realizado pocos esfuerzos para mitigar la sequía en esta región. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la condición de sequía de la región noroeste de Bangladesh utilizando técnicas de observación de la tierra. Para este propósito, se utilizaron datos de Landsat de 1990 a 2020 para determinar varios índices de vegetación, como el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), el Índice de Agua (NDWI), el Índice de Humedad (NDMI) y el Índice de Vegetación Ajustada al Suelo (SAVI), junto con la Temperatura de la Superficie Terrestre (LST). Los resultados muestran que el agotamiento de bosques (2832 km2) y cuerpos de agua (6773 km2) fue el resultado de la expansión de asentamientos (6563 km2) y tierras agrícolas (1802 km2) para el período 1990–2020. El examen de los cambios temporales de los índices de vegetación y LST mostró que los valores de todos los índices disminuyeron mientras que el LST aumentó. La correlación negativa entre el valor de NDVI y LST indica que la vegetación en nuestro estudio estuvo sujeta a choques inducidos por la sequía. Este estudio revela la situación actual de la salud de la vegetación en la región noroeste de Bangladesh en relación con las condiciones de sequía. Los hallazgos de este estudio tienen implicaciones prácticas para los responsables políticos en la implementación de las medidas necesarias para la agricultura, los bosques, el desarrollo del agua y la planificación de la zona económica. La sécheresse est un danger répandu qui peut affecter considérablement la biodiversité, l'habitat des espèces sauvages, ainsi que le fonctionnement et la stabilité des écosystèmes, en particulier dans la région sèche. En raison de sa situation géographique, la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh a un climat relativement aride, très sensible à la sécheresse et marqué comme une zone rouge. Malgré les preuves croissantes de l'impact de la sécheresse sur la sécurité alimentaire et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, peu d'efforts ont été déployés pour atténuer la sécheresse dans cette région. La présente étude visait à évaluer l'état de sécheresse de la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh à l'aide de techniques d'observation de la terre. À cette fin, les données Landsat de 1990 à 2020 ont été utilisées pour déterminer divers indices de végétation tels que l'indice de végétation à différence normalisée (NDVI), l'indice d'eau (NDWI), l'indice d'humidité (NDMI) et l'indice de végétation ajusté au sol (SAVI), ainsi que la température de surface du sol (LST). Les résultats montrent que l'épuisement des forêts (2832 km2) et des masses d'eau (6773 km2) résulte de l'expansion des colonies (6563 km2) et des terres agricoles (1802 km2) pour la période 1990–2020. L'examen des changements temporels des indices de végétation et du LST a montré que les valeurs de tous les indices diminuaient tandis que le LST augmentait. La corrélation négative entre la valeur NDVI et la LST indique que la végétation de notre étude a été soumise à des chocs induits par la sécheresse. Cette étude révèle la situation actuelle de la santé de la végétation dans la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh par rapport aux conditions de sécheresse. Les conclusions de cette étude ont des implications pratiques pour les décideurs politiques dans la mise en œuvre des mesures nécessaires pour l'agriculture, les forêts, le développement de l'eau et la planification des zones économiques. Drought is a widespread hazard that can tremendously affect the biodiversity, habitat of wild species, and ecosystem functioning and stability, especially in the dry region. Due to its geographic location, the north-western region of Bangladesh has a comparatively arid climate which is very much susceptible to drought occurrence and is marked as a red zone. Despite the growing evidence of the impact of drought on food security and ecosystem functioning, little effort has been paid to mitigate the drought in this region. The present study aimed to assess the drought condition of the north-western region of Bangladesh using earth observation techniques. For this purpose, Landsat data from 1990 to 2020 was used to determine various vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Water Index (NDWI), Moisture Index (NDMI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), along with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Results show that the depletion of forests (2832 km2) and water bodies (6773 km2) resulted from the expansion of settlement (6563 km2) and agricultural land (1802 km2) for the period 1990–2020. Examination of the temporal changes of vegetation indices and LST showed that the values of all indices decreased while the LST increased. The negative correlation between NDVI value and LST indicates that the vegetation in our study was subject to drought-induced shocks. This study reveals the current situation of the vegetation health in the north-western region of Bangladesh in relation to the drought conditions. The findings of this study have practical implications for the policymakers in implementing necessary measures for agriculture, forests, water development, and economic zone planning. الجفاف خطر واسع الانتشار يمكن أن يؤثر بشكل كبير على التنوع البيولوجي وموائل الأنواع البرية وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي واستقراره، خاصة في المنطقة الجافة. نظرًا لموقعها الجغرافي، تتمتع المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش بمناخ جاف نسبيًا وهو عرضة بشدة لحدوث الجفاف ويتم تمييزه كمنطقة حمراء. على الرغم من الأدلة المتزايدة على تأثير الجفاف على الأمن الغذائي وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي، لم يُبذل سوى القليل من الجهد للتخفيف من حدة الجفاف في هذه المنطقة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم حالة الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش باستخدام تقنيات مراقبة الأرض. لهذا الغرض، تم استخدام بيانات لاندسات من 1990 إلى 2020 لتحديد مؤشرات الغطاء النباتي المختلفة مثل مؤشر الفرق الطبيعي للغطاء النباتي (NDVI) ومؤشر المياه (NDWI) ومؤشر الرطوبة (NDMI) ومؤشر الغطاء النباتي المعدل للتربة (SAVI)، إلى جانب درجة حرارة سطح الأرض (LST). وتظهر النتائج أن استنزاف الغابات (2832 كم2) والمسطحات المائية (6773 كم2) نتج عن التوسع الاستيطاني (6563 كم2) والأراضي الزراعية (1802 كم2) للفترة 1990–2020. أظهر فحص التغيرات الزمنية لمؤشرات الغطاء النباتي و LST أن قيم جميع المؤشرات انخفضت بينما زاد LST. تشير العلاقة السلبية بين قيمة مؤشر NDVI و LST إلى أن الغطاء النباتي في دراستنا كان عرضة للصدمات الناجمة عن الجفاف. تكشف هذه الدراسة عن الوضع الحالي لصحة النباتات في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش فيما يتعلق بظروف الجفاف. نتائج هذه الدراسة لها آثار عملية على صانعي السياسات في تنفيذ التدابير اللازمة للزراعة والغابات وتنمية المياه وتخطيط المناطق الاقتصادية.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ashim C. Das; Shihab Ahmad Shahriar; Md. Arif Chowdhury; Lokman Hossain; +4 Authors

    La sequía es un peligro generalizado que puede afectar enormemente a la biodiversidad, el hábitat de las especies silvestres y el funcionamiento y la estabilidad de los ecosistemas, especialmente en la región seca. Debido a su ubicación geográfica, la región noroeste de Bangladesh tiene un clima comparativamente árido que es muy susceptible a la aparición de sequías y está marcada como una zona roja. A pesar de la creciente evidencia del impacto de la sequía en la seguridad alimentaria y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, se han realizado pocos esfuerzos para mitigar la sequía en esta región. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la condición de sequía de la región noroeste de Bangladesh utilizando técnicas de observación de la tierra. Para este propósito, se utilizaron datos de Landsat de 1990 a 2020 para determinar varios índices de vegetación, como el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), el Índice de Agua (NDWI), el Índice de Humedad (NDMI) y el Índice de Vegetación Ajustada al Suelo (SAVI), junto con la Temperatura de la Superficie Terrestre (LST). Los resultados muestran que el agotamiento de bosques (2832 km2) y cuerpos de agua (6773 km2) fue el resultado de la expansión de asentamientos (6563 km2) y tierras agrícolas (1802 km2) para el período 1990–2020. El examen de los cambios temporales de los índices de vegetación y LST mostró que los valores de todos los índices disminuyeron mientras que el LST aumentó. La correlación negativa entre el valor de NDVI y LST indica que la vegetación en nuestro estudio estuvo sujeta a choques inducidos por la sequía. Este estudio revela la situación actual de la salud de la vegetación en la región noroeste de Bangladesh en relación con las condiciones de sequía. Los hallazgos de este estudio tienen implicaciones prácticas para los responsables políticos en la implementación de las medidas necesarias para la agricultura, los bosques, el desarrollo del agua y la planificación de la zona económica. La sécheresse est un danger répandu qui peut affecter considérablement la biodiversité, l'habitat des espèces sauvages, ainsi que le fonctionnement et la stabilité des écosystèmes, en particulier dans la région sèche. En raison de sa situation géographique, la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh a un climat relativement aride, très sensible à la sécheresse et marqué comme une zone rouge. Malgré les preuves croissantes de l'impact de la sécheresse sur la sécurité alimentaire et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, peu d'efforts ont été déployés pour atténuer la sécheresse dans cette région. La présente étude visait à évaluer l'état de sécheresse de la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh à l'aide de techniques d'observation de la terre. À cette fin, les données Landsat de 1990 à 2020 ont été utilisées pour déterminer divers indices de végétation tels que l'indice de végétation à différence normalisée (NDVI), l'indice d'eau (NDWI), l'indice d'humidité (NDMI) et l'indice de végétation ajusté au sol (SAVI), ainsi que la température de surface du sol (LST). Les résultats montrent que l'épuisement des forêts (2832 km2) et des masses d'eau (6773 km2) résulte de l'expansion des colonies (6563 km2) et des terres agricoles (1802 km2) pour la période 1990–2020. L'examen des changements temporels des indices de végétation et du LST a montré que les valeurs de tous les indices diminuaient tandis que le LST augmentait. La corrélation négative entre la valeur NDVI et la LST indique que la végétation de notre étude a été soumise à des chocs induits par la sécheresse. Cette étude révèle la situation actuelle de la santé de la végétation dans la région nord-ouest du Bangladesh par rapport aux conditions de sécheresse. Les conclusions de cette étude ont des implications pratiques pour les décideurs politiques dans la mise en œuvre des mesures nécessaires pour l'agriculture, les forêts, le développement de l'eau et la planification des zones économiques. Drought is a widespread hazard that can tremendously affect the biodiversity, habitat of wild species, and ecosystem functioning and stability, especially in the dry region. Due to its geographic location, the north-western region of Bangladesh has a comparatively arid climate which is very much susceptible to drought occurrence and is marked as a red zone. Despite the growing evidence of the impact of drought on food security and ecosystem functioning, little effort has been paid to mitigate the drought in this region. The present study aimed to assess the drought condition of the north-western region of Bangladesh using earth observation techniques. For this purpose, Landsat data from 1990 to 2020 was used to determine various vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Water Index (NDWI), Moisture Index (NDMI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), along with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Results show that the depletion of forests (2832 km2) and water bodies (6773 km2) resulted from the expansion of settlement (6563 km2) and agricultural land (1802 km2) for the period 1990–2020. Examination of the temporal changes of vegetation indices and LST showed that the values of all indices decreased while the LST increased. The negative correlation between NDVI value and LST indicates that the vegetation in our study was subject to drought-induced shocks. This study reveals the current situation of the vegetation health in the north-western region of Bangladesh in relation to the drought conditions. The findings of this study have practical implications for the policymakers in implementing necessary measures for agriculture, forests, water development, and economic zone planning. الجفاف خطر واسع الانتشار يمكن أن يؤثر بشكل كبير على التنوع البيولوجي وموائل الأنواع البرية وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي واستقراره، خاصة في المنطقة الجافة. نظرًا لموقعها الجغرافي، تتمتع المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش بمناخ جاف نسبيًا وهو عرضة بشدة لحدوث الجفاف ويتم تمييزه كمنطقة حمراء. على الرغم من الأدلة المتزايدة على تأثير الجفاف على الأمن الغذائي وأداء النظام الإيكولوجي، لم يُبذل سوى القليل من الجهد للتخفيف من حدة الجفاف في هذه المنطقة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم حالة الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش باستخدام تقنيات مراقبة الأرض. لهذا الغرض، تم استخدام بيانات لاندسات من 1990 إلى 2020 لتحديد مؤشرات الغطاء النباتي المختلفة مثل مؤشر الفرق الطبيعي للغطاء النباتي (NDVI) ومؤشر المياه (NDWI) ومؤشر الرطوبة (NDMI) ومؤشر الغطاء النباتي المعدل للتربة (SAVI)، إلى جانب درجة حرارة سطح الأرض (LST). وتظهر النتائج أن استنزاف الغابات (2832 كم2) والمسطحات المائية (6773 كم2) نتج عن التوسع الاستيطاني (6563 كم2) والأراضي الزراعية (1802 كم2) للفترة 1990–2020. أظهر فحص التغيرات الزمنية لمؤشرات الغطاء النباتي و LST أن قيم جميع المؤشرات انخفضت بينما زاد LST. تشير العلاقة السلبية بين قيمة مؤشر NDVI و LST إلى أن الغطاء النباتي في دراستنا كان عرضة للصدمات الناجمة عن الجفاف. تكشف هذه الدراسة عن الوضع الحالي لصحة النباتات في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية من بنغلاديش فيما يتعلق بظروف الجفاف. نتائج هذه الدراسة لها آثار عملية على صانعي السياسات في تنفيذ التدابير اللازمة للزراعة والغابات وتنمية المياه وتخطيط المناطق الاقتصادية.

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    Authors: Md Ashraful Islam; Abdulla Al Mamun; M.M. Naushad Ali; Ratil H. Ashique; +5 Authors

    In a very dense urban landscape, incorporating renewables becomes challenging due to a lack of space, planning, and mindset. Utilization of already existing large infrastructures in combination with existing technology and necessary adaptation can create the right synergy for harnessing renewables like solar. This paper proposes the installation of a solar power plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using available space on Metro Rail Line 6 to meet the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy. The proposed system involves the selection of suitable space, and PV panels, the calculation of annual electricity generation, and performing financial and environmental analyses. The proposed on-grid/grid-tied system offers the advantage of reducing dependence on power supplied to the grid, resulting in lower energy costs, and promoting the use of green energy. The system has a payback period of 7.7 years and a return on investment of 45.7 %. It is estimated that the system saves 14,053.203 tons of CO2 emissions per year and 281,064.06 tons of CO2 emissions over its lifetime. Also, the grid life cycle emission is 584 gCO2/kWh, and the system life cycle emission is 39,119.4 tCO2, which further proves that it is a feasible solution to meeting energy demands while reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable energy utilization. The results of simulations run using PVsyst and HOMER confirm the economic viability of the proposed solar power station, supporting its viability. The levelized energy cost (LCOE), as projected by PVsyst, is $0.09 per kWh, nearly matching HOMER's prediction of $0.0835. This convergence of results from several simulation tools supports the solar power plant's predicted cost-effectiveness, demonstrating its potential as a key player in the effort to create a greener and more affordable energy landscape.

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    Authors: Md Ashraful Islam; Abdulla Al Mamun; M.M. Naushad Ali; Ratil H. Ashique; +5 Authors

    In a very dense urban landscape, incorporating renewables becomes challenging due to a lack of space, planning, and mindset. Utilization of already existing large infrastructures in combination with existing technology and necessary adaptation can create the right synergy for harnessing renewables like solar. This paper proposes the installation of a solar power plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using available space on Metro Rail Line 6 to meet the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy. The proposed system involves the selection of suitable space, and PV panels, the calculation of annual electricity generation, and performing financial and environmental analyses. The proposed on-grid/grid-tied system offers the advantage of reducing dependence on power supplied to the grid, resulting in lower energy costs, and promoting the use of green energy. The system has a payback period of 7.7 years and a return on investment of 45.7 %. It is estimated that the system saves 14,053.203 tons of CO2 emissions per year and 281,064.06 tons of CO2 emissions over its lifetime. Also, the grid life cycle emission is 584 gCO2/kWh, and the system life cycle emission is 39,119.4 tCO2, which further proves that it is a feasible solution to meeting energy demands while reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable energy utilization. The results of simulations run using PVsyst and HOMER confirm the economic viability of the proposed solar power station, supporting its viability. The levelized energy cost (LCOE), as projected by PVsyst, is $0.09 per kWh, nearly matching HOMER's prediction of $0.0835. This convergence of results from several simulation tools supports the solar power plant's predicted cost-effectiveness, demonstrating its potential as a key player in the effort to create a greener and more affordable energy landscape.

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    Authors: Humaira Nafisa Ahmed; Sayem Ahmed; Tazim Ahmed; Hasin Md. Muhtasim Taqi; +1 Authors

    La quatrième révolution industrielle, communément appelée Industrie 4.0, a été inaugurée par des technologies modernes et innovantes en matière d'intelligence et de communication. Les préoccupations concernant les technologies perturbatrices (DT) commencent à croître dans les pays en développement, bien que les compromis entre les difficultés de mise en œuvre et les effets réalistes soient encore inconnus. Par conséquent, la priorisation et la promotion de ces technologies doivent être prises en compte lors de l'investissement afin d'assurer leur durabilité. L'étude vise à fournir de nouvelles informations essentielles sur ce que sont les DT et sur la manière d'identifier les DT importantes pour la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable (SSC). Il est essentiel de comprendre le potentiel des DT pour atteindre une durabilité holistique grâce à l'adoption et à la diffusion efficaces de la technologie. Pour atteindre l'objectif, une approche intégrée combinant la méthode bayésienne et la Best Worst Method (BWM) est utilisée dans cette étude pour évaluer les DT dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement (SC) des économies émergentes. La revue systématique de la littérature a donné un total de 10 DT pour SSC, qui ont ensuite été évalués à l'aide du Bayesian-BWM pour explorer les DT les plus critiques pour un exemple bien connu de l'industrie du vêtement prêt à l'emploi (RMG) du Bangladesh. Les résultats montrent que les trois DT les plus essentiels pour la SSC sont « l'Internet des objets (IoT) », « la fabrication en nuage » et « l'intelligence artificielle (IA) ». Les informations issues de la recherche aideront les décideurs et les praticiens à déterminer où concentrer leurs efforts pendant la phase d'adoption et de diffusion de la technologie afin d'améliorer la production durable en gérant les opérations de SC dans un environnement commercial incertain. La cuarta revolución industrial, comúnmente reconocida como Industria 4.0, ha sido acompañada por tecnologías modernas e innovadoras de inteligencia y comunicación. Las preocupaciones sobre las tecnologías disruptivas (TD) están comenzando a crecer en los países en desarrollo, a pesar de que aún se desconocen las compensaciones entre las dificultades de implementación y los efectos realistas. Por lo tanto, se debe considerar la priorización y promoción de dichas tecnologías al invertir en ellas para garantizar la sostenibilidad. El estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos críticos sobre qué son los DT y cómo identificar los DT significativos para la cadena de suministro sostenible (SSC). Es fundamental comprender el potencial de los DT para lograr la sostenibilidad holística a través de la adopción y difusión efectivas de la tecnología. Para lograr el objetivo, en este estudio se utiliza un enfoque integrado que combina el método bayesiano y el Best Worst Method (BWM) para evaluar los DT en la cadena de suministro (SC) de las economías emergentes. La revisión sistemática de la literatura arrojó un total de 10 DT para SSC, que luego se evaluaron utilizando el Bayesian-BWM para explorar los DT más críticos para un ejemplo bien conocido de la industria de prendas de vestir confeccionadas (RMG) de Bangladesh. Los resultados muestran que los tres DT más esenciales para SSC son "Internet de las cosas (IoT)", "Fabricación en la nube" e "Inteligencia artificial (IA)". Los conocimientos de la investigación facilitarán a los responsables de la formulación de políticas y a los profesionales la determinación de dónde concentrar los esfuerzos durante la etapa de adopción y difusión de la tecnología para mejorar la producción sostenible mediante la gestión de las operaciones de SC en un entorno empresarial incierto. The fourth industrial revolution, commonly recognized as Industry 4.0, has been ushered by modern and innovative intelligence and communication technologies. Concerns about disruptive technologies (DTs) are beginning to grow in developing countries, despite the fact that the trade-offs between implementation difficulties and realistic effects are still unknown. Hence, prioritization and promotion of such technologies should be considered when investing in them to ensure sustainability. The study aims to provide new critical insights into what DTs are and how to identify the significant DTs for sustainable supply chain (SSC). Understanding the DTs' potential for achieving holistic sustainability through effective technology adoption and diffusion is critical. To achieve the goal, an integrated approach combining the Bayesian method and the Best Worst Method (BWM) is utilized in this study to evaluate DTs in emerging economies' supply chain (SC). The systematic literature review yielded a total of 10 DTs for SSC, which were then evaluated using the Bayesian-BWM to explore the most critical DTs for a well-known example of the readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. The results show that the three most essential DTs for SSC are "Internet of things (IoT)", "Cloud manufacturing", and "Artificial intelligence (AI)". The research insights will facilitate policymakers and practitioners in determining where to concentrate efforts during the technology adoption and diffusion stage in order to improve sustainable production through managing SC operations in an uncertain business environment. إن الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، المعروفة عمومًا باسم الصناعة 4.0، قد بشرت بها تقنيات الذكاء والاتصالات الحديثة والمبتكرة. بدأت المخاوف بشأن التقنيات التخريبية (DTs) في النمو في البلدان النامية، على الرغم من حقيقة أن المفاضلات بين صعوبات التنفيذ والآثار الواقعية لا تزال غير معروفة. وبالتالي، ينبغي النظر في تحديد أولويات هذه التقنيات وتعزيزها عند الاستثمار فيها لضمان الاستدامة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤى نقدية جديدة حول ماهية DTs وكيفية تحديد DTs المهمة لسلسلة التوريد المستدامة (SSC). إن فهم إمكانات DTs لتحقيق الاستدامة الشاملة من خلال اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها بشكل فعال أمر بالغ الأهمية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، يتم استخدام نهج متكامل يجمع بين الطريقة البايزية وأفضل طريقة أسوأ (BWM) في هذه الدراسة لتقييم DTs في سلسلة التوريد في الاقتصادات الناشئة (SC). أسفرت مراجعة الأدبيات المنهجية عن ما مجموعه 10 DTs لـ SSC، والتي تم تقييمها بعد ذلك باستخدام Bayesian - BWM لاستكشاف DTs الأكثر أهمية لمثال معروف لصناعة الملابس الجاهزة (RMG) في بنغلاديش. تُظهر النتائج أن أهم ثلاثة أدوات تشخيصية للتعاون فيما بين بلدان الجنوب هي "إنترنت الأشياء (IoT )" و" التصنيع السحابي "و" الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI )". ستسهل رؤى البحث على صانعي السياسات والممارسين تحديد مكان تركيز الجهود خلال مرحلة اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها من أجل تحسين الإنتاج المستدام من خلال إدارة عمليات منظمة رعاية الأطفال في بيئة أعمال غير مؤكدة.

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    Authors: Humaira Nafisa Ahmed; Sayem Ahmed; Tazim Ahmed; Hasin Md. Muhtasim Taqi; +1 Authors

    La quatrième révolution industrielle, communément appelée Industrie 4.0, a été inaugurée par des technologies modernes et innovantes en matière d'intelligence et de communication. Les préoccupations concernant les technologies perturbatrices (DT) commencent à croître dans les pays en développement, bien que les compromis entre les difficultés de mise en œuvre et les effets réalistes soient encore inconnus. Par conséquent, la priorisation et la promotion de ces technologies doivent être prises en compte lors de l'investissement afin d'assurer leur durabilité. L'étude vise à fournir de nouvelles informations essentielles sur ce que sont les DT et sur la manière d'identifier les DT importantes pour la chaîne d'approvisionnement durable (SSC). Il est essentiel de comprendre le potentiel des DT pour atteindre une durabilité holistique grâce à l'adoption et à la diffusion efficaces de la technologie. Pour atteindre l'objectif, une approche intégrée combinant la méthode bayésienne et la Best Worst Method (BWM) est utilisée dans cette étude pour évaluer les DT dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement (SC) des économies émergentes. La revue systématique de la littérature a donné un total de 10 DT pour SSC, qui ont ensuite été évalués à l'aide du Bayesian-BWM pour explorer les DT les plus critiques pour un exemple bien connu de l'industrie du vêtement prêt à l'emploi (RMG) du Bangladesh. Les résultats montrent que les trois DT les plus essentiels pour la SSC sont « l'Internet des objets (IoT) », « la fabrication en nuage » et « l'intelligence artificielle (IA) ». Les informations issues de la recherche aideront les décideurs et les praticiens à déterminer où concentrer leurs efforts pendant la phase d'adoption et de diffusion de la technologie afin d'améliorer la production durable en gérant les opérations de SC dans un environnement commercial incertain. La cuarta revolución industrial, comúnmente reconocida como Industria 4.0, ha sido acompañada por tecnologías modernas e innovadoras de inteligencia y comunicación. Las preocupaciones sobre las tecnologías disruptivas (TD) están comenzando a crecer en los países en desarrollo, a pesar de que aún se desconocen las compensaciones entre las dificultades de implementación y los efectos realistas. Por lo tanto, se debe considerar la priorización y promoción de dichas tecnologías al invertir en ellas para garantizar la sostenibilidad. El estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos críticos sobre qué son los DT y cómo identificar los DT significativos para la cadena de suministro sostenible (SSC). Es fundamental comprender el potencial de los DT para lograr la sostenibilidad holística a través de la adopción y difusión efectivas de la tecnología. Para lograr el objetivo, en este estudio se utiliza un enfoque integrado que combina el método bayesiano y el Best Worst Method (BWM) para evaluar los DT en la cadena de suministro (SC) de las economías emergentes. La revisión sistemática de la literatura arrojó un total de 10 DT para SSC, que luego se evaluaron utilizando el Bayesian-BWM para explorar los DT más críticos para un ejemplo bien conocido de la industria de prendas de vestir confeccionadas (RMG) de Bangladesh. Los resultados muestran que los tres DT más esenciales para SSC son "Internet de las cosas (IoT)", "Fabricación en la nube" e "Inteligencia artificial (IA)". Los conocimientos de la investigación facilitarán a los responsables de la formulación de políticas y a los profesionales la determinación de dónde concentrar los esfuerzos durante la etapa de adopción y difusión de la tecnología para mejorar la producción sostenible mediante la gestión de las operaciones de SC en un entorno empresarial incierto. The fourth industrial revolution, commonly recognized as Industry 4.0, has been ushered by modern and innovative intelligence and communication technologies. Concerns about disruptive technologies (DTs) are beginning to grow in developing countries, despite the fact that the trade-offs between implementation difficulties and realistic effects are still unknown. Hence, prioritization and promotion of such technologies should be considered when investing in them to ensure sustainability. The study aims to provide new critical insights into what DTs are and how to identify the significant DTs for sustainable supply chain (SSC). Understanding the DTs' potential for achieving holistic sustainability through effective technology adoption and diffusion is critical. To achieve the goal, an integrated approach combining the Bayesian method and the Best Worst Method (BWM) is utilized in this study to evaluate DTs in emerging economies' supply chain (SC). The systematic literature review yielded a total of 10 DTs for SSC, which were then evaluated using the Bayesian-BWM to explore the most critical DTs for a well-known example of the readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh. The results show that the three most essential DTs for SSC are "Internet of things (IoT)", "Cloud manufacturing", and "Artificial intelligence (AI)". The research insights will facilitate policymakers and practitioners in determining where to concentrate efforts during the technology adoption and diffusion stage in order to improve sustainable production through managing SC operations in an uncertain business environment. إن الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، المعروفة عمومًا باسم الصناعة 4.0، قد بشرت بها تقنيات الذكاء والاتصالات الحديثة والمبتكرة. بدأت المخاوف بشأن التقنيات التخريبية (DTs) في النمو في البلدان النامية، على الرغم من حقيقة أن المفاضلات بين صعوبات التنفيذ والآثار الواقعية لا تزال غير معروفة. وبالتالي، ينبغي النظر في تحديد أولويات هذه التقنيات وتعزيزها عند الاستثمار فيها لضمان الاستدامة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤى نقدية جديدة حول ماهية DTs وكيفية تحديد DTs المهمة لسلسلة التوريد المستدامة (SSC). إن فهم إمكانات DTs لتحقيق الاستدامة الشاملة من خلال اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها بشكل فعال أمر بالغ الأهمية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، يتم استخدام نهج متكامل يجمع بين الطريقة البايزية وأفضل طريقة أسوأ (BWM) في هذه الدراسة لتقييم DTs في سلسلة التوريد في الاقتصادات الناشئة (SC). أسفرت مراجعة الأدبيات المنهجية عن ما مجموعه 10 DTs لـ SSC، والتي تم تقييمها بعد ذلك باستخدام Bayesian - BWM لاستكشاف DTs الأكثر أهمية لمثال معروف لصناعة الملابس الجاهزة (RMG) في بنغلاديش. تُظهر النتائج أن أهم ثلاثة أدوات تشخيصية للتعاون فيما بين بلدان الجنوب هي "إنترنت الأشياء (IoT )" و" التصنيع السحابي "و" الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI )". ستسهل رؤى البحث على صانعي السياسات والممارسين تحديد مكان تركيز الجهود خلال مرحلة اعتماد التكنولوجيا ونشرها من أجل تحسين الإنتاج المستدام من خلال إدارة عمليات منظمة رعاية الأطفال في بيئة أعمال غير مؤكدة.

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    Authors: Juan García; Esteban Inga;

    This paper presents a georeferenced optimal planning model of a rural distribution network for deploying an underground network considering a real scenario for increasing electrification in this area. A model is presented based on a heuristic process that minimizes the resources required to route the grid for a defined time horizon. Then, the model is scalable according to the population density, the established and georeferenced zone, and the specified period; that is, it adjusts to any of these variables. Additionally, the modeling is presented in CYME software, considering a series of technical criteria to provide the actual scenario with a verifiable planning model of an underground network. Therefore, the voltage drop and level of overload in transformers and feeders are considered to deliver an optimum power quality to the end-user. These results will be tabulated and presented as an alternative to different planning and design models that an electric distribution company may have to minimize the resources used in an underground deployment.

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    Authors: Juan García; Esteban Inga;

    This paper presents a georeferenced optimal planning model of a rural distribution network for deploying an underground network considering a real scenario for increasing electrification in this area. A model is presented based on a heuristic process that minimizes the resources required to route the grid for a defined time horizon. Then, the model is scalable according to the population density, the established and georeferenced zone, and the specified period; that is, it adjusts to any of these variables. Additionally, the modeling is presented in CYME software, considering a series of technical criteria to provide the actual scenario with a verifiable planning model of an underground network. Therefore, the voltage drop and level of overload in transformers and feeders are considered to deliver an optimum power quality to the end-user. These results will be tabulated and presented as an alternative to different planning and design models that an electric distribution company may have to minimize the resources used in an underground deployment.

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