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This repository is complementary material for storing and sharing the scientific data used in the article 'Precipitation Trends using Gridded Dynamic Sampling Zones: Case Study Yangtze Delta Megalopolis'. It includes: binarized landuse images in geotiff format, calculated time series of percentile statistics in csv format.

Man-made green house gases are the main cause of global warming. Changes in temperature and hence environment are a danger to the survival of the whole planet.Climate change is unprecedented not just for its impact, but also in response to this challenge. Effective climate policies are a great solution to encourage low-carbon resources. This paper evaluates how policymakers can employ carbon taxes to promote a future with more sustainable energy sources.The paper provides an overview of this research background, underlining both urgency for climate action and the need for policy interventions that promote clean and inexpensive alternatives to fossil fuels.It looks into the scientific basis of climate change –how greenhouse gasses become warmer and its anticipated effect on natural and human systems.The core of this paper lies in anthropogenic carbon dioxide taxes, analyzing its main principles, strategies for implementation and the economic logic behind using market forces to check carbon-intense activities.The analysis evaluates various carbon pricing systems, such as cap-and-trade and direct tax structures, and explores their respective advantages, challenges and practical applications in the real world.The impact of carbon taxes is studied comprehensively from economic, environmental and social standpoints. The paper examines potential effects on patterns of energy consumption, investments in low-carbon technologies, job creation, and the overall competitiveness of industries.It also considers the profitability consequences of carbon pricing policies and potentially of measures to lighten regressive effects on vulnerable populations.It sums up main harvests and policy pointer for creation of carbon tax systems that own advantages, covering for their disadvantages, international cooperation. The research paper emphasizes the position of carbon pricing in achieving global climate goals and to a fair low-carbon energy future.

In our research work, we surveyed Jhum cultivation of Langadu Upazila, Rangamati, and Babuchara, Dighinala in Khagrachari and collected data based on interviews. This survey was conducted from August 2020 to December 2020. The objectives of this survey were to understand the impact of Jhum cultivation on environmental degradation, and we also reviewed the existing crops production system in that hilly area which gave us an idea about the current situation of Jhum cultivation. Data was collected in three parts, we collected general information from Jhum landowners by a survey questionnaire, demonstrate the study area with photographs, and direct field observation was used to get the idea of the current situation. People with different age groups and different educational qualifications took part in our survey. Most of the respondents were < 50 years but very few of those respondents were uneducated and it is observed that 10 persons out of 30 were educated. From the survey, we got to know that about 67% of the framers are practicing Jhum for more than 6 years. And we found out that about 30 types of yields are filled with Jhum Chas whereas previously they used to cultivate only 15 to 20 types of yields that means the soil is being used more than the previous time. But surprisingly about 86% of our local respondents think that because of Jhum cultivation they are facing deforestation and about 60% of them think that they lose different types of bird and animal species because of Jhum cultivation, also about 40% of them think that they are facing environmental issues because of Jhum. Most importantly we found out that overall, 94% of people think that population growth is the main culprit for the overly practiced Jhum cultivation which is currently practicing on the perpetual territory. So, from this research, we can identify that the local people are aware of the adverse effect of Jhum cultivation but they don’t have alternatives that is why they are still relying on this cultivation process.

A measurement of the production of three isolated photons in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV is reported. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{−1}$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse energy of each photon, the difference in azimuthal angle and in pseudorapidity between pairs of photons, the invariant mass of pairs of photons, and the invariant mass of the triphoton system. A measurement of the inclusive fiducial cross section is also reported. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions are compared to the cross-section measurements. The predictions underestimate the measurement of the inclusive fiducial cross section and the differential measurements at low photon transverse energies and invariant masses. They provide adequate descriptions of the measurements at high values of the photon transverse energies, invariant mass of pairs of photons, and invariant mass of the triphoton system. Physics letters / B 781, 55 - 76 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.057 Published by North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam

In this study, the performance of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector with compound parabolic collector for clear day in winter and summer season was investigated. Phase change material storage unit, compound parabolic collector unit, photovoltaic thermal unit were integrated into one piece to reduce the area to get higher performance and better concentration ratio. The performance of water flow rate, heat removal factor, amount of energy storage of the collector in winter season and comparison of temperature variation, total generated energy, performance factor in summer season by varying different parameters were evaluated. Water flow rate increases up to 0.004 kg/s corresponding to the thermal efficiency of around 42%. Heat removal factor for thermal collector was in the range of 0.94-0.96, which indicates better energy gain of the system and effective outlet water temperature was found 55 0C in winter season. The total generated thermal energy 1500W and maximum performance factor of a collector was 0.0135 kW-1m2 in summer season. Finally total efficiency of a collector varies from 58% -68% in summer season.

The renewable energy sources like wind and solar energies can be combined to increase the total power generation and thereby increase the efficiency of the system. The combination also provides a means to overcome the intermittent nature of the solar and wind renewable energy sources, since one source can be used for power generation when other is not available. AC-DC converters are used convert the alternating voltage of the wind generator to a constant DC value which can be used to charge the batteries or later converted to AC voltage to drive AC loads. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system using boost converter is designed to extract maximum possible power from the sun when it is available. This method provides better harmonic reduction since Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. Simulations are carried out in PSIM software and MATLAB.

{"references": ["1.\tMakwana, P. B., & Makadiya, J. J. (2014). Numerical Simulation of Flow Over Airfoil and Different Techaniques to Reduce Flow Seperation Along with Basic CFD Model: A Review Study. International Journal of Engineering Research, 3(4).", "2.\tAnderson Jr, J. D. (2010). Fundamentals of aerodynamics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education", "3.\tEppler, R. (2012). Airfoil design and data. Springer Science & Business Media", "4.\tNational Aerofoil Data NACA 0012, Online data, http://airfoiltools.com/airfoil/details?airfoil=naca 0012-il", "5.\tAbbott, I. H., & Von Doenhoff, A. E. (2012). Theory of wing sections: including a summary of airfoil data. Courier Corporation", "6.\tMartinat, G., Braza, M., Hoarau, Y., & Harran, G. (2008). Turbulence modelling of the flow past a pitching NACA0012 airfoil at 105 and 106 Reynolds numbers. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 24(8), 1294-1303", "7.\tA\u015fkan, A., & Tang\u00f6z, S. (2018). The impact of aspect ratio on aerodynamic performance and flow separation behavior of a model wing composed from different profiles. Journal of Energy Systems, 2(4), 224-237.", "8.\tHaque, M. N., Ali, M., & Ara, I. (2015). Experimental investigation on the performance of NACA 4412 aerofoil with curved leading edge planform. Procedia Engineering, 105, 232-240.", "9.\tAlam, G. M. J. (2011). Interference Effect and Flow Pattern of Four Biplane Configurations using NACA 0024 Profile. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka Bangladesh", "10.\tMizoguchi, M., & Itoh, H. (2013). Effect of aspect ratio on aerodynamic characteristics at low Reynolds numbers. AIAA journal, 51(7), 1631-1639."]} The aspect ratio has a great effect on the aerodynamic characteristics. It is an important technique for the improvement of aerodynamic performance through drag reduction. The effect of aspect ratio on the airfoil performance is investigated about axially symmetric wings as a function of the angle of attack. Optimum design of lifting surface provides maximum possible lift force and minimum possible drag force. The wind tunnel used for the experiments is an open conduit and has a 1200x1200 mm2 x-section with a closed test chamber. Three different types of airfoil with different aspect ratios (AR 2, AR 1, and AR 0.5) are tested under the airflow speed of 37.5m/s. It is found that for the same wing area wing model of AR 2 reduces the strength of the vortices at the wingtip by reducing the tip vortex more effectively than any other wing models and as a result, the difference between the upper and lower surface pressures on wing model of AR 2 is comparatively higher than that of other wing models at various angles of attack. After analyzing the results, the wing model AR 2 is found to be the optimum