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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Tim Verbrugghe;
    Tim Verbrugghe
    ORCID
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    Tim Verbrugghe in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Vicky Stratigaki;
    Vicky Stratigaki
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    Vicky Stratigaki in OpenAIRE
    orcid Peter Troch;
    Peter Troch
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Peter Troch in OpenAIRE
    Raphael Rabussier; +1 Authors

    Wave Energy Converters (WECs) need to be deployed in large numbers in an array layout in order to have a significant power production. Each WEC has an impact on the incoming wave field, by diffracting, reflecting and radiating waves. Simulating the wave transformations within and around a WEC array is complex; it is difficult, or in some cases impossible, to simulate both these near-field and far-field wake effects using a single numerical model, in a time- and cost-efficient way in terms of computational time and effort. Within this research, a generic coupling methodology is developed to model both near-field and far-field wake effects caused by floating (e.g., WECs, platforms) or fixed offshore structures. The methodology is based on the coupling of a wave-structure interaction solver (Nemoh) and a wave propagation model. In this paper, this methodology is applied to two wave propagation models (OceanWave3D and MILDwave), which are compared to each other in a wide spectrum of tests. Additionally, the Nemoh-OceanWave3D model is validated by comparing it to experimental wave basin data. The methodology proves to be a reliable instrument to model wake effects of WEC arrays; results demonstrate a high degree of agreement between the numerical simulations with relative errors lower than 5 % and to a lesser extent for the experimental data, where errors range from 4 % to 17 % .

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    Energies
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2017
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    Authors: orcid Boyuan Wei;
    Boyuan Wei
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Boyuan Wei in OpenAIRE
    orcid Geert Deconinck;
    Geert Deconinck
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Geert Deconinck in OpenAIRE

    With the development of distributed energy resources, the low voltage distribution network (LVDN) is supposed to be the integrator of small distributed energy sources. This makes the users in LVDNs multifarious, which leads to more complex modeling. Additionally, data acquisition could be tricky due to rising privacy concerns. These impose severe demands on control schemes in LVDNs that the classical centralized control might not be able to fulfill. To tackle this, a model-free control approach with distributed decision-making architecture is proposed in this paper. Employing statistical methods and game theory, individual users in LVDNs achieve local optimum autonomously. Comparing to conventional approaches applied in LVDNs, the proposed approach is able to achieve active control with less communication burden and computational resources. The paper proves the convergence to the Nash Equilibrium (NE) and uses player compatible relations to form the specific equilibrium. A variant of the log-linear trial and error learning process is applied in a novel “suggest-convince” mechanism to implement the proposed approach. In the case study, a 103 nodes test network based on a real Belgian semiurban LVDN is illustrated. The proposed approach is validated and analyzed with practical load profiles on the 103 nodes network. In addition to that, centralized control is implemented as a benchmark to show the performance of the proposed approach by comparing it with the classical optimization result. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to achieve player compatible equilibrium in an expected way, resulting in a good approximation to the local optimum.

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    Energies
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energies
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    Authors: orcid Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet;
    Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh;
    Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh
    ORCID
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    Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh in OpenAIRE
    orcid Karina Shamilyevna Nurgalieva;
    Karina Shamilyevna Nurgalieva
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Karina Shamilyevna Nurgalieva in OpenAIRE
    orcid Robert Hanus;
    Robert Hanus
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Robert Hanus in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    In the current paper, a novel technique is represented to control the liquid petrochemical and petroleum products passing through a transmitting pipe. A simulation setup, including an X-ray tube, a detector, and a pipe, was conducted by Monte Carlo N Particle-X version (MCNPX) code to examine a two-by-two mixture of four diverse petroleum products (ethylene glycol, crude oil, gasoline, and gasoil) in various volumetric ratios. As the feature extraction system, twelve time characteristics were extracted from the received signal, and the most effective ones were selected using correlation analysis to present reasonable inputs for neural network training. Three Multilayers perceptron (MLP) neural networks were applied to indicate the volume ratio of three kinds of petroleum products, and the volume ratio of the fourth product can be feasibly achieved through the results of the three aforementioned networks. In this study, increasing accuracy was placed on the agenda, and an RMSE < 1.21 indicates this high accuracy. Increasing the accuracy of predicting volume ratio, which is due to the use of appropriate characteristics as the neural network input, is the most important innovation in this study, which is why the proposed system can be used as an efficient method in the oil industry.

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    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
    Article . 2022
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      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Inna Tryhuba; orcid Anatoliy Tryhuba;
    Anatoliy Tryhuba
    ORCID
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    Anatoliy Tryhuba in OpenAIRE
    orcid Taras Hutsol;
    Taras Hutsol
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Taras Hutsol in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agata Cieszewska;
    Agata Cieszewska
    ORCID
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    Agata Cieszewska in OpenAIRE
    +6 Authors

    The article proposes to use machine learning as one of the areas of artificial intelligence to forecast the volume of biogas production from household organic waste. The use of five regression algorithms (Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Random Forest Regression, and Gradient Boosting Regression) to create an effective model for forecasting the volume of biogas production from household organic waste is considered. Based on the comparison of these algorithms by MSE and MAE indicators, the quality of training and their accuracy during forecasting are evaluated. The proposed algorithm for creating a model for forecasting biogas production volumes from household organic waste involves the implementation of 10 main and 3 auxiliary steps. Their advantage is that they aid in the performance of component data analysis, which is carried out based on the method of reducing the dimensionality of the data set, increasing interpretability, and minimizing the risk of data loss. An analysis of 2433 data is was carried out, which characterizes the formation of biogas from food (FW) and yard waste (YW) according to four features. Data preparation is performed using the Jupyter Notebook environment in Python. We select five machine learning algorithms to substantiate an effective model for forecasting volumes of biogas production from household organic waste. On the basis of the conducted research, the main advantages and disadvantages of the used algorithms for building forecasting models of biogas production volumes from household organic waste are determined. It is found that two models, “Random Forest Regressor” and “Gradient Boosting Regressor”, show the best accuracy indicators. The other three models (Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression) are inferior in accuracy and were not considered further. To determine the accuracy of the “Random Forest Regressor” and “Gradient Boosting Regressor” models, we choose the MSE and MAE indicators. The Random Forest Regressor model is found to be a more accurate model compared to the Gradient Boosting Regressor. This is confirmed by the fact that the MSE of the “Random Forest Regressor” model on the training data set is 7.14 times smaller than that of the “Gradient Boosting Regressor” model. At the same time, MAE is 2.67 times smaller in the “Random Forest Regressor” model than in the “Gradient Boosting Regressor” model. The MSE and MAE of both models are worse on the test data set, which indicates overtraining tendencies. The Gradient Boosting Regressor model has worse MSE and MAE than the Random Forest Regressor model on both the training and test data sets. It is established that the model based on the “Random Forest Regressor” algorithm is the most effective for forecasting the volume of biogas production from household organic waste. It provides MAE = 0.088 on test data and the smallest absolute errors in predictions. Further systematic improvement of the “Random Forest Regressor” model for forecasting biogas production volumes from household organic waste based on new data will ensure its accuracy and maintain competitive advantages.

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    Authors: orcid Matteo Troncia;
    Matteo Troncia
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Matteo Troncia in OpenAIRE
    orcid José Pablo Chaves Ávila;
    José Pablo Chaves Ávila
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    José Pablo Chaves Ávila in OpenAIRE
    Carlos Damas Silva; orcid Helena Gerard;
    Helena Gerard
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Helena Gerard in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    This paper introduces a theoretical market framework (TMF) for conceptualizing and designing electricity markets, integrating transmission system operator and distribution system operator (TSO–DSO) coordination mechanisms. The TMF represents a comprehensive tool that formalizes new, innovative market concepts and their impact on existing markets, and outlines fundamental categories and decisions essential to market design. This paper, through the TMF, addresses the integration challenges posed by new mechanisms for system services. Utilizing the TMF, the study maps 13 European demonstrators’ TSO–DSO coordination solutions, identifying real-world challenges in designing and implementing novel system services markets. Drawing on these real-world insights, the paper offers market design and policy recommendations to address and overcome the specific challenges in market-based TSO–DSO coordination.

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    Authors: orcid Leanda C. Garvie;
    Leanda C. Garvie
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Leanda C. Garvie in OpenAIRE
    orcid David J. Lee;
    David J. Lee
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    David J. Lee in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Biljana Kulišić;
    Biljana Kulišić
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Biljana Kulišić in OpenAIRE

    Australia has abundant volumes of forest residues that are a potential feedstock for supplying biomass as a renewable carbon carrier to the market. However, there remains an underutilization of this resource, even in mature bioeconomy markets. Several existing or perceived barriers can be attributed to the underdeveloped, forest-based bioeconomy in Australia. One of these is the limited understanding of feedstock supply costs. In this study, two ranking approaches were applied to identify the optimal biomass feedstock supply chain from field to conversion plant gate. A panel of experts embedded in the Australian bioeconomy were employed to first assign ranks to biomass supply chain items by cost intensity. Then, a layer of analytic hierarchical process (AHP) was used to weigh and rank various biomass supply pathways by efficiency. The results reveal that biomass extraction ranks the highest and biomass feedstock storage ranks the lowest, relative to other supply chain costs. Extracting and chipping material in the field attracted the most support from the experts in terms of efficiency, followed by transporting and chipping at the roadside and, finally, transporting and chipping at the conversion plant. This study provides insights for designers of the forest-based bioeconomy in Australia into relative cost drivers that may be applied to investment and industry decisions. It also provides a framework to support further investigations into forest biomass development and the management of biomass as a renewable carbon carrier at a time when Australia is transitioning from an energy policy focused on fossil fuels to a renewable energy strategy.

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    Energies
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      Energies
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    Authors: orcid Carlos Emilio Arboleda Chavez;
    Carlos Emilio Arboleda Chavez
    ORCID
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    Carlos Emilio Arboleda Chavez in OpenAIRE
    orcid Vasiliki Stratigaki;
    Vasiliki Stratigaki
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    Vasiliki Stratigaki in OpenAIRE
    orcid Minghao Wu;
    Minghao Wu
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    Minghao Wu in OpenAIRE
    orcid Peter Troch;
    Peter Troch
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Peter Troch in OpenAIRE
    +14 Authors

    This study aims to improve the design of scour protection around offshore wind turbine monopiles, as well as future-proofing them against the impacts of climate change. A series of large-scale experiments have been performed in the context of the European HYDRALAB-PLUS PROTEUS (Protection of offshore wind turbine monopiles against scouring) project in the Fast Flow Facility in HR Wallingford. These experiments make use of state of the art optical and acoustic measurement techniques to assess the damage of scour protections under the combined action of waves and currents. These novel PROTEUS tests focus on the study of the grading of the scour protection material as a stabilizing parameter, which has never been done under the combined action of waves and currents at a large scale. Scale effects are reduced and, thus, design risks are minimized. Moreover, the generated data will support the development of future scour protection designs and the validation of numerical models used by researchers worldwide. The testing program objectives are: (i) to compare the performance of single-layer wide-graded material used against scouring with current design practices; (ii) to verify the stability of the scour protection designs under extreme flow conditions; (iii) to provide a benchmark dataset for scour protection stability at large scale; and (iv) to investigate the scale effects on scour protection stability.

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    Energies
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.15488/86...
    Article . 2019
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    Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energies
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.15488/86...
      Article . 2019
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      Energies
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: orcid Marco Navia;
    Marco Navia
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Marco Navia in OpenAIRE
    Renan Orellana; Sulmayra Zaráte; Mauricio Villazón; +2 Authors

    The transition to a more environmentally friendly energy matrix by reducing fossil fuel usage has become one of the most important goals to control climate change. Variable renewable energy sources (VRES) are a central low-carbon alternative. Nevertheless, their variability and low predictability can negatively affect the operation of power systems. On this issue, energy-system-modeling tools have played a fundamental role. When exploring the behavior of the power system against different levels of VRES penetration through them, it is possible to determine certain operational and planning strategies to balance the variations, reduce the operational uncertainty, and increase the supply reliability. In many developing countries, the lack of such proper tools accounting for these effects hinders the deployment potential of VRES. This paper presents a particular energy system model focused on the case of Bolivia. The model manages a database gathered with the relevant parameters of the Bolivian power system currently in operation and those in a portfolio scheduled until 2025. From this database, what-if scenarios are constructed allowing us to expose the Bolivian power system to a set of alternatives regarding VRES penetration and Hydro storage for that same year. The scope is to quantify the VRES integration potential and therefore the capacity of the country to leapfrog to a cleaner and more cost-effective energy system. To that aim, the unit-commitment and dispatch optimization problem are tackled through a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) that solves the cost objective function within its constraints through the branch-and-cut method for each scenario. The results are evaluated and compared in terms of energy balancing, transmission grid capability, curtailment, thermal generation displacement, hydro storage contribution, and energy generation cost. In the results, it was found that the proposed system can reduce the average electricity cost down to 0.22 EUR/MWh and also reduce up to 2.22 × 106 t (96%) of the CO2 emissions by 2025 with very high penetration of VRES but at the expense of significant amount of curtailment. This is achieved by increasing the VRES installed capacity to 10,142 MW. As a consequence, up to 7.07 TWh (97%) of thermal generation is displaced with up to 8.84 TWh (75%) of load covered by VRES.

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    Energies
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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Greta Vallero;
    Greta Vallero
    ORCID
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    Greta Vallero in OpenAIRE
    Margot Deruyck; orcid Michela Meo;
    Michela Meo
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    Michela Meo in OpenAIRE
    orcid Wout Joseph;
    Wout Joseph
    ORCID
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    Wout Joseph in OpenAIRE

    Because of the increase of the data traffic demand, wireless access networks, through which users access telecommunication services, have expanded, in terms of size and of capability and, consequently, in terms of power consumption. Therefore, costs to buy the necessary power for the supply of base stations of those networks is becoming very high, impacting the communication cost. In this study, strategies to reduce the amount of money spent for the purchase of the energy consumed by the base stations are proposed for a network powered by solar panels, energy batteries and the power grid. First, the variability of the energy prices is exploited. It provides a cost reduction of up to 30%, when energy is bought in advance. If a part of the base stations is deactivated when the energy price is higher than a given threshold, a compromise between the energy cost and the user coverage drop is needed. In the simulated scenario, the necessary energy cost can be reduced by more than 40%, preserving the user coverage by greater than 94%. Second, the network is introduced to the energy market: it buys and sells energy from/to the traditional power grid. Finally, costs are reduced by the reduction of power consumption of the network, achieved by using microcell base stations. In the considered scenario, up to a 31% cost reduction is obtained, without the deterioration of the quality of service, but a huge Capex expenditure is required.

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    Energies
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    Article . 2018
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    Authors: orcid Amirreza Naderipour;
    Amirreza Naderipour
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Amirreza Naderipour in OpenAIRE
    orcid Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek;
    Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek in OpenAIRE
    Mohammad Reza Miveh; Mohammad Jafar Hadidian Moghaddam; +2 Authors

    Mitigation of harmonics for a grid-connected inverter is an important element to stabilize the control and the quality of current injected into the grid. This paper deals with the control method of a three-phase Grid-Connected Inverter (GCI) Photovoltaic (PV) system, which is based on the zero-sequence current adjuster. The proposed method is capable of removing the harmonic current and voltage without using any active and passive filters and without the knowledge of the microgrid topology and also impedances of distribution bands and loading conditions. This concept is adopted for the control of a Distributed Generator (DG) in the form of grid-connected inverter. The proposed control can be applied to the grid connected inverter of the PV. The fast dynamic response, simple design, stability, and fast transient response are the new main features of the proposed design. This paper also analyzes the circuit configuration effects on the grid connected inverter capability. The proposed control is used to demonstrate the improved stability and performance.

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    Energies
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    Energies
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    Energies
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ VU Research Reposito...arrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Energies
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      Energies
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