• Energy Research
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The continuous development of civil infrastructure has been imposing more and more stringent requirements on concrete, including high strength, high workability, high durability and high dimensional stability. However, since the various performance attributes of high-performance concrete (HPC) are often contradictory to each other and thus difficult to achieve simultaneously, the development of HPC has come to a bottle neck. To cope with such situation, a more scientific approach is needed. Here, we explain how the conventional concrete technology could be reformed into modem concrete science by incorporating new theories about packing density, water film thickness and particle interaction, and discuss the societal need and future development of green concrete. It is our belief that with further advancement in concrete science and technology, even better HPC could be produced for sustainable construction.

'測試和調試'及'測量和驗證'是為保證建筑全生命周期內能源使用效率和系統能效性能的過程,在建筑運營階段起著重要的檢測作用。本文介紹了'測試和調試'及'測量和驗證'這兩個過程的基本理念,以及它們應用于LEED、HK-BEAM以及GBL這3個綠色建筑評價體系認證全過程的發展和挑戰。 Abstract: Testing and Commissioning (T&C) and Measurement and Verification (M&V) are considered as the best methods to manage energy use and performance of the whole system in buildings throughout their life cycles, which play an important role in the testing of the period of the building operation. This paper describes the basic concept and the development and challenges of T&C and M&V and discusses their application in LEED①, HK-BEAM② and GBL③ in the view of a complete green building certification.