• Energy Research
• 2021-2025close
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Using illustrations from some of Latin America's largest cities, the chapter examines the causes and consequences of urban expansion and the more recent phenomenon of urban sprawl. It reflects on the role of transport and mobility, both as consequences of urban growth and as causes of it. It reflects on the equity and sustainability dimensions of this phenomenon.

A través de una etnografía del Estado, esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el rol de la política climática chilena ante la vulnerabilidad climática del pueblo mapuche, a través del caso de la comuna de Lonquimay. Por medio del enfoque de la ecología política y la teoría decolonial, se analiza la vulnerabilidad climática del pueblo mapuche e identifican los efectos del cambio ambiental, y en específico del cambio climático, en esta comuna. Luego, examina la gobernanza climática chilena y su implementación, indagando sobre la consideración de la participación y los conocimientos indígenas. Así como también, caracteriza las comprensiones de vulnerabilidad climática de los diversos actores involucrados. Se condujo una etnografía multilocal bajo tres niveles de análisis: local, nacional e internacional. Al revisar la política climática actual y recoger la opinión de distintos actores involucrados, se puede observar que, no obstante existir voluntades individuales, el Estado no ha considerado la vulnerabilidad y participación del pueblo mapuche como elementos claves en la elaboración de la política climática. Aunque por un lado se reconoce el aporte que los pueblos indígenas pueden entregar para enfrentar el cambio climático, sus conocimientos siguen siendo subestimados y excluidos en los procesos de toma de decisión, replicando dinámicas multiculturalistas que han modelado la política indígena desde el retorno de la democracia. El caso chileno ilustra el tipo de reconocimiento que se le entrega a los pueblos indígenas en la política climática internacional y, por lo tanto, su análisis permite identificar las barreras que dificultan la efectiva colaboración. Para fortalecer la participación de los pueblos indígenas es necesario en primer lugar revisar la política pública que se implementa en sus territorios, pero por sobre todo, abordar los procesos históricos y las relaciones desiguales que construyen la vulnerabilidad climática en primer lugar. ; Through an ethnography of the state, this research aims to ...

The richness of the plots lies in the indeterminacy conveyed by these voids, in the creation of expectation and in the capacity of these spaces to “generate desires”. The richness of the plots lies in the indeterminacy conveyed by these voids, in the creation of an expectation and in the capacity of these spaces to “generate desires”. The very name of the programme, ‘This is not a plot of land’, is an example of one of the many social intervention programmes that can be found in the city’s platforms and movements that are concerned with unused spaces and with improving the urban environment. It seeks to incite a game that consists of going beyond semantic restrictions, inviting us to propose a view that recognises the potential of these spaces. The interventions are based on a prior urban and socio-economic study, analysing the profile of the population, the existing facilities and the shortcomings of each of the areas to which the site to be intervened belongs. Small plots of land with a regular geometry for ease of use, and the use of the plots of land in good condition to allow a quick intervention, transforming them into children’s play areas, urban vegetable gardens, green carpet gardens, improvised sports fields, or others.

Funding: Este trabajo fue posible gracias al financiamiento de la Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) y realizado bajo convenio entre WCS y el Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). ; New infrastructure that seeks to connect Iquitos with Saramiriza includes building a ~350-km paved road alongside the Tigre river in Loreto. This project is a threat to the conservation of one of the largest areas of tropical forest on the planet and the largest and deepest peatlands in the Amazon basin. In this study, focused on the second section of the proposed road (Huambé – Marsella), we used a “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU) and a “road” scenario to show that road construction would lead to substantial loss of forest cover and increase CO2 emissions. The current loss of forest cover in a buffer zone of 20 km around the Huambé-Marsella road, estimated up to 2018, was 3.4 %. Using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, we estimated deforestation of 80 071.11 ha and emissions of 35.55 Mt CO2 -eq for the period 2019-2064 in the BAU scenario, while the scenario with the construction of the road would generate greater loss of forests (303 248.79 ha) and higher emissions (135.56 Mt CO2 -eq). Avoiding the construction of the road alongside the Tigre river would therefore prevent the loss of 83 462.58 ha of forests and the emission of 41.49 Mt CO2 -eq from 2019 to 2030. Therefore, the Peruvian government should assess alternative proposals for transportation in this area. For example, improved fluvial boat services could be used for the transport of cargo and people, while an air taxi service could also help to meet the needs of indigenous communities and riverine settlers. Compliance with international commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will potentially be impossible if the road is constructed as it is estimated that will increase national emissions by 1.31 % from 2019 to 2030. The funds saved from not constructing the road could subsidize the use of a modern river fleet, the air taxi ...