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Abstract Nature removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, and by forming carbonate minerals. Following Nature's example, carbon dioxide should not be regarded as a waste, but as a resource from which useful products can be made. Highly concentrated, calcium-rich brines are commonly found associated with subsurface salt deposits. By bringing together the energy and chemical industries, it may be possible to use these brines to lock up carbon dioxide, while at the same time producing calcium carbonate, hydrochloric acid and a variety of other chemical-industrial commodities.

AbstractIn this paper, a novel risk analysis methodology is presented to evaluate the economic performance of a biorefinery given the volatility in the market price of the final product and the variability in the biomass delivered cost. In addition, potential economic incentives for participating biomass producers are quantified for different farm participation rates. The Monte Carlo simulation model, IBSAL‐MC, is used to estimate the biomass delivered cost distribution, and a modified risk heat map is used to visualize the expected return on investment (ROI) for various combinations of the market price of the final product and the biomass delivered cost. The developed methodology is applied to an under‐construction cellulosic sugar facility located in Sarnia, southwestern Ontario. Four farm participation rates of 20% (base‐case scenario), 30%, 40% and 50% are studied. The results show that the expected annual ROI for the base‐case scenario is estimated to be 1.3%. As the farm participation rate increases, the expected annual ROI increases from 1.3% at 20% farm participation rate to 3.4%, 4.6% and 5.1% at 30%, 40% and 50% rates, respectively. At high sugar market prices ($375–$525/tonne), the overall expected annual ROI increases to 9.5%, 11.4%, 12.6% and 13.0% in 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% farm participation rates, respectively. In this case, the economic incentives to share with biomass producers are estimated to be $14.10/dry tonne (dt), $15.77/dt and $16.33/dt by increasing the farm participation rate from 20% to 30%, 40% and 50%, respectively. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The energy performance of large building portfolios is challenging to analyze and monitor, as current analysis tools are not scalable or they present derived and aggregated data at too coarse of a level. We conducted a visualization design study, beginning with a thorough work domain analysis and a characterization of data and task abstractions. We describe generalizable visual encoding design choices for time-oriented data framed in terms of matches and mismatches, as well as considerations for workflow design. Our designs address several research questions pertaining to scalability, view coordination, and the inappropriateness of line charts for derived and aggregated data due to a combination of data semantics and domain convention. We also present guidelines relating to familiarity and trust, as well as methodological considerations for visualization design studies. Our designs were adopted by our collaborators and incorporated into the design of an energy analysis software application that will be deployed to tens of thousands of energy workers in their client base.

AbstractDie Oberflächenoxidation von Pt bei kleiner Sauerstoffbedeckung in Trifluoressigsäure mit Spuren von Wasser, die die Oxid‐ Spezies an der Pt‐Oberfläche erzeugen, wird untersucht.

Abstract This study presents an application of the innovative fragility method proposed in companion paper (Part I) to a horizontal heat exchanger in Darlington nuclear generating station. To illustrate the advantages of the proposed method, seismic fragility curves and High Confidence of Low Probability of Failure seismic capacity of the heat exchanger are calculated by the conventional and proposed fragility methods. The results show that, by using two ground motion parameters, the median seismic capacity of the heat exchanger has remarkable 53.9% increase, and the High Confidence of Low Probability of Failure seismic capacity is increased by 25.0%. These increases come from the reduction of conservatism of the median seismic demand by incorporating the correlation between two ground motion parameters. Although applications of components mounted on supporting structures are not presented, seismic capacities of components are expected to increase as long as the effect of structural dominant modes on seismic responses are captured by employing the proposed method. For critical structures, systems, and components that limit the plant seismic capacity, the proposed fragility method should be implemented to evaluate their seismic capacities.

Croissance de trois couches distinctes de sulfures en presence de H 2 S-H 2 : NiS (ou Ni 3 S 2 ) Al 2 S 3 , Ni 3 S 2

Power system planning, operation, and operational planning methods have evolved over the years to economically supply reliable power to customers. Emerging environmental compliance requirements have dictated needs to develop methods to manage increased uncertainties associated with renewable resources. These new challenges are increasing problems in operational planning, as existing deterministic procedures cannot comprehend these uncertainties to provide suitable indicators in decision making. Uniformity in operational adequacy evaluation methods and quantitative metrics applicable to all power systems is desirable. However, various utilities and independent system operators (ISOs) have their own practices and methodologies to address their unique needs. This paper presents a review of operational planning practices in different ISOs and utilities based on planning-horizon length, granularity, and reliability metrics. The challenges and deficiencies in existing operational planning practices and regulations are identified. Finally, features necessary to maintain the uniformity in operational planning while fulfilling operational adequacy requirements are recommended.