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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2022Publisher:OpenAlex Authors: Moctar Dembélé;doi: 10.60692/sy5qp-7jp97
Résumé. Une évaluation complète des impacts du changement climatique sur les ressources en eau du bassin de la Volta en Afrique de l'Ouest est menée dans cette étude, car la région devrait être la plus durement touchée par le réchauffement climatique. Un grand ensemble de 12 modèles de circulation générale (GCM) du cinquième projet d'intercomparaison de modèles couplés (CMIP5) qui sont dynamiquement réduits par cinq modèles climatiques régionaux (RCM) de l'expérience coordonnée de réduction d'échelle du climat régional (CORDEX)-Afrique est utilisé. Au total, 43 combinaisonsde MCG sont considérées sous trois voies de concentration représentatives (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 et RCP8.5). La fiabilité de chacun des ensembles de données climatiques est d'abord évaluée avec des ensembles de données de référence satellitaires et de réanalyse. Par la suite, la méthode de correction du biais multivarié R2D2 (Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences) est appliquée aux ensembles de données climatiques. Les projections climatiques corrigées du biais sont ensuite utilisées comme entrée dans le modèle hydrologique à méso-échelle (mHM) pour les projections hydrologiques au cours du XXIe siècle (1991-2100). Les résultats révèlent des dynamiques contrastées dans la saisonnalité des précipitations, en fonction des scénarios d'émission de gaz à effet de serre sélectionnés et des périodes de projection futures. Bien que la température de l'air et l'évaporation potentielle augmentent dans tous les RCP, une augmentation de l'ampleur de toutes les variables hydrologiques (évaporation réelle, ruissellement total, recharge des eaux souterraines, humidité du sol et stockage de l'eau terrestre) n'est projetée que dans le cadre du RCP8.5. L'analyse des débits élevés et faibles suggère un risque accru d'inondation sous RCP8.5, en particulier dans la Volta Noire, tandis que les sécheresses hydrologiques seraient récurrentes sous RCP2.6 et RCP4.5, en particulier dans la Volta Blanche. Les évolutions du débit des cours d'eau indiquent un retard futur dans la date d'apparition des débits faibles jusqu'à 11 jours en vertu du RCP8.5, tandis que les débits élevés pourraient se produire 6 jours plus tôt (RCP2.6) ou 5 jours plus tard (RCP8.5), par rapport à la période historique. Des disparités sont observées dans les schémas spatiaux des variables hydroclimatiques à travers les zones climatiques, avec un réchauffement plus élevé dans la zone sahélienne. Par conséquent, le changement climatique aurait de graves implications pour la disponibilité future de l'eau avec des préoccupations pour l'agriculture pluviale, affaiblissant ainsi le lien entre l'eau et l'énergie et la sécurité alimentaire et amplifiant la vulnérabilité de la population locale. La variabilité entre les modèles climatiques met en évidence les incertitudes dans les projections et indique la nécessité de mieux représenter les caractéristiques climatiques complexes dans les modèles régionaux. Ces résultats pourraient servir de ligne directrice à la fois à la communauté scientifique pour améliorer les projections du changement climatique et aux décideurs pour élaborer des stratégies d'adaptation et d'atténuation afin de faire face aux conséquences du changement climatique et de renforcer le développement socio-économique régional. Resumen. En este estudio se realiza una evaluación exhaustiva de los impactos del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del río Volta en África Occidental, ya que se espera que la región sea la más afectada por el calentamiento global. Se utiliza un gran conjunto de 12 modelos de circulación general (GCM) del quinto Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP5) que se reducen dinámicamente mediante cinco modelos climáticos regionales (RCM) del Experimento Coordinado de Reducción de Escala Regional y Climática (CORDEX)-África. En total, 43 combinacionesde RCM-GCM se consideran bajo tres vías de concentración representativas (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 y RCP8.5). La fiabilidad de cada uno de los conjuntos de datos climáticos se evalúa primero con conjuntos de datos de referencia satelitales y de reanálisis. Posteriormente, se aplica el método de corrección de sesgo multivariante de Remuestreo de Rango para Distribuciones y Dependencias (R2D2) a los conjuntos de datos climáticos. Las proyecciones climáticas corregidas por sesgo se utilizan como entrada al Modelo Hidrológico de Mesoescala (mHM) para las proyecciones hidrológicas durante el siglo XXI (1991-2100). Los resultados revelan dinámicas contrastantes en la estacionalidad de las precipitaciones, en función de los escenarios de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero seleccionados y los períodos de proyección futuros. Aunque la temperatura del aire y la evaporación potencial aumentan en todos los RCP, un aumento en la magnitud de todas las variables hidrológicas (evaporación real, escorrentía total, recarga de agua subterránea, humedad del suelo y almacenamiento de agua terrestre) solo se proyecta en RCP8.5. El análisis de alto y bajo flujo sugiere un mayor riesgo de inundación bajo RCP8.5, particularmente en el Volta Negro, mientras que las sequías hidrológicas serían recurrentes bajo RCP2.6 y RCP4.5, particularmente en el Volta Blanco. Las evoluciones del flujo de corriente indican un retraso futuro en la fecha de ocurrencia de flujos bajos de hasta 11 días bajo RCP8.5, mientras que los flujos altos podrían ocurrir 6 días antes (RCP2.6) o 5 días después (RCP8.5), en comparación con el período histórico. Se observan disparidades en los patrones espaciales de las variables hidroclimáticas en las zonas climáticas, con un mayor calentamiento en la zona saheliana. Por lo tanto, el cambio climático tendría graves implicaciones para la disponibilidad futura de agua con preocupaciones para la agricultura de secano, debilitando así el nexo de seguridad alimentaria del agua y amplificando la vulnerabilidad de la población local. La variabilidad entre los modelos climáticos resalta las incertidumbres en las proyecciones e indica la necesidad de representar mejor las características climáticas complejas en los modelos regionales. Estos hallazgos podrían servir como guía tanto para que la comunidad científica mejore las proyecciones del cambio climático como para que los responsables de la toma de decisiones elaboren estrategias de adaptación y mitigación para hacer frente a las consecuencias del cambio climático y fortalecer el desarrollo socioeconómico regional. Abstract. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on water resources of the West Africa Volta River basin is conducted in this study, as the region is expected to be hardest hit by global warming. A large ensemble of 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are dynamically downscaled by five regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional-climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa is used. In total, 43 RCM–GCM combinations are considered under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The reliability of each of the climate datasets is first evaluated with satellite and reanalysis reference datasets. Subsequently, the Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences (R2D2) multivariate bias correction method is applied to the climate datasets. The bias-corrected climate projections are then used as input to the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) for hydrological projections over the 21st century (1991–2100). Results reveal contrasting dynamics in the seasonality of rainfall, depending on the selected greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the future projection periods. Although air temperature and potential evaporation increase under all RCPs, an increase in the magnitude of all hydrological variables (actual evaporation, total runoff, groundwater recharge, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage) is only projected under RCP8.5. High- and low-flow analysis suggests an increased flood risk under RCP8.5, particularly in the Black Volta, while hydrological droughts would be recurrent under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, particularly in the White Volta. The evolutions of streamflow indicate a future delay in the date of occurrence of low flows up to 11 d under RCP8.5, while high flows could occur 6 d earlier (RCP2.6) or 5 d later (RCP8.5), as compared to the historical period. Disparities are observed in the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic variables across climatic zones, with higher warming in the Sahelian zone. Therefore, climate change would have severe implications for future water availability with concerns for rain-fed agriculture, thereby weakening the water–energy–food security nexus and amplifying the vulnerability of the local population. The variability between climate models highlights uncertainties in the projections and indicates a need to better represent complex climate features in regional models. These findings could serve as a guideline for both the scientific community to improve climate change projections and for decision-makers to elaborate adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change and strengthen regional socioeconomic development. ملخص. يتم إجراء تقييم شامل لتأثيرات تغير المناخ على الموارد المائية لحوض نهر فولتا في غرب إفريقيا في هذه الدراسة، حيث من المتوقع أن تكون المنطقة الأكثر تضررًا من ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري. يتم استخدام مجموعة كبيرة من 12 نموذج دوران عام (GCMs) من مشروع المقارنة البينية للنموذج المقترن الخامس (CMIP5) والتي يتم تصغير نطاقها ديناميكيًا بواسطة خمسة نماذج مناخية إقليمية (RCMs) من تجربة تصغير نطاق المناخ الإقليمي المنسق (CORDEX)- أفريقيا. في المجموع، يتم النظرفي 43 مجموعة من RCM -GCM تحت ثلاثة مسارات تركيز تمثيلية (RCP2.6 و RCP4.5 و RCP8.5). يتم تقييم موثوقية كل مجموعة من مجموعات البيانات المناخية أولاً باستخدام مجموعات البيانات المرجعية للأقمار الصناعية وإعادة التحليل. بعد ذلك، يتم تطبيق طريقة تصحيح الانحياز متعدد المتغيرات لإعادة أخذ العينات للتوزيعات والاعتمادات (R2D2) على مجموعات البيانات المناخية. ثم يتم استخدام الإسقاطات المناخية المصححة بالتحيز كمدخلات للنموذج الهيدرولوجي متوسط النطاق (mHM) للإسقاطات الهيدرولوجية خلال القرن الحادي والعشرين (1991-2100). تكشف النتائج عن ديناميكيات متناقضة في موسمية هطول الأمطار، اعتمادًا على سيناريوهات انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة المختارة وفترات الإسقاط المستقبلية. على الرغم من زيادة درجة حرارة الهواء والتبخر المحتمل في جميع نقاط التحكم الإشعاعية، إلا أنه من المتوقع زيادة في حجم جميع المتغيرات الهيدرولوجية (التبخر الفعلي، إجمالي الجريان السطحي، إعادة تغذية المياه الجوفية، رطوبة التربة، وتخزين المياه الأرضية) فقط في إطار RCP8.5. يشير تحليل التدفق المرتفع والمنخفض إلى زيادة مخاطر الفيضانات بموجب RCP8.5، خاصة في الفولتا السوداء، في حين أن الجفاف الهيدرولوجي سيكون متكررًا بموجب RCP2.6 و RCP4.5، خاصة في الفولتا البيضاء. تشير تطورات تدفق التدفق إلى تأخير مستقبلي في تاريخ حدوث تدفقات منخفضة تصل إلى 11 "د بموجب RCP8.5، في حين يمكن أن تحدث تدفقات عالية قبل 6" د (RCP2.6) أو 5"د في وقت لاحق (RCP8.5)، مقارنة بالفترة التاريخية. لوحظت تباينات في الأنماط المكانية للمتغيرات المناخية المائية عبر المناطق المناخية، مع ارتفاع درجة الحرارة في منطقة الساحل. لذلك، سيكون لتغير المناخ آثار شديدة على توافر المياه في المستقبل مع المخاوف المتعلقة بالزراعة البعلية، وبالتالي إضعاف العلاقة بين الأمن الغذائي والطاقة المائية وتضخيم ضعف السكان المحليين. يسلط التباين بين النماذج المناخية الضوء على أوجه عدم اليقين في التوقعات ويشير إلى الحاجة إلى تمثيل السمات المناخية المعقدة بشكل أفضل في النماذج الإقليمية. يمكن أن تكون هذه النتائج بمثابة دليل لكل من المجتمع العلمي لتحسين توقعات تغير المناخ ولصانعي القرار لوضع استراتيجيات التكيف والتخفيف للتعامل مع عواقب تغير المناخ وتعزيز التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الإقليمية.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007 SwitzerlandPublisher:Analytica-Verlag Authors: Wüstenhagen, Rolf; Sammer, Katharina;handle: 20.500.14171/81168
Öko-Labelling ist ein wichtiges umweltpolitisches Instrument zur Überwindung von Marktversagen durch Informationsasymmetrien. Ein bewährtes Öko-Label im Bereich Energieeffizienz ist das EU-Energie-Label, welches die Energieeffizienz von Produkten auf einer Skala von A bis G beurteilt. Das Label wurde 1998 in Deutschland und 2002 in der Schweiz für Haushaltsgeräte wie Waschmaschinen, Kühlschränke etc. eingeführt. Seit März 2003 gilt das EU-Energie-Label in der Schweiz auch für Personenkraftwagen. Im Rahmen einer empirischen Befragung von 316 Automobilkäufern in der Schweiz wurden die Auswirkungen des Labels auf die Kaufentscheidung untersucht. Im Unter-schied zu früheren Untersuchungen dieser Art wurde die Bedeutung des Energie-Labels im Verhältnis zu anderen kaufrelevanten Faktoren nicht explizit abgefragt, sondern als eines von mehreren Produktmerkmalen im Rahmen eines Discrete Choice Experiments erhoben. Somit konnte indirekt die relative Bedeutung des Labels für die Kaufentschei-dung erhoben werden, unter weitestgehender Ausschaltung des Faktors soziale Er-wünschtheit. Die Ergebnisse vergleichen den Einfluss des Labels mit der Bedeutung anderer Produktmerkmale (wie Marke, Hubraum, Treibstoffart). In einem weiteren Schritt wurde untersucht, inwiefern die geplante Einführung eines Bonus-Malus-Systems geeignet ist, die Wirkung des EU-Energie-Labels zu verstärken.
Alexandria Research ... arrow_drop_down Alexandria Research PlatformArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Alexandria Research PlatformUniversity of St. Gallen: DSpaceArticle . 2007Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Alexandria Research ... arrow_drop_down Alexandria Research PlatformArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Alexandria Research PlatformUniversity of St. Gallen: DSpaceArticle . 2007Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2023 PakistanPublisher:World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Authors: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe;1 p.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2016Publisher:OpenAlex Georges Aad; B. Abbott; J. Abdallah; O. Abdinov; Baptiste Abeloos; R. Aben; M. Abolins; O. S. AbouZeid; Halina Abramowicz; Henso Abreu; R. Abreu; Yiming Abulaiti; Bobby Samir Acharya; L. Adamczyk; D. L. Adams; J. Adelman; S. Adomeit; T. Adye; Tony Affolder; T. Agatonović-Jovin; J. Agricola; J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra; S. P. Ahlen; Faig Ahmadov; Giulio Aielli; H. Åkerstedt; T. P. A. Åkesson; A. V. Akimov; G. L. Alberghi; J. Albert; S. Albrand; María Josefina Alconada Verzini; M. Aleksa; C. Alexa; G. Alexander; Theodoros Alexopoulos; Muhammad Alhroob; G. Alimonti; John Alison; S. P. Alkire; Benedict Allbrooke; Brandon Allen; Phillip Allport; A. Aloisio; Andrea García Alonso; Francisco Alonso; C. Alpigiani; B. Alvarez Gonzalez; D. Álvarez Piqueras; Mariagrazia Alviggi; B. T. Amadio; K. Amako; Y. Amaral Coutinho; C. Amelung; D. Amidei; Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos; A. Amorim; S. Amoroso; N. Amram; G. Amundsen; C. Anastopoulos; L. S. Ancu; N. Andari; T. Andeen; C. F. Anders; G. Anders; J. K. Anders; K. J. Anderson; A. Andreazza; V. Andrei; S. Angelidakis; I. Angelozzi; P. Anger; A. Angerami; F. Anghinolfi; Alexey Anisenkov; N. Anjos; A. Annovi; M. Antonelli; A. Antonov; J. Antos; F. Anulli; Mayumi Aoki; G. Bella; G. Arabidze; Y. Arai; J. P. Araque; Ayana Tamu Arce; F. A. Arduh; Jean-François Arguin; S. Argyropoulos; M. Arık; Aaron James Armbruster; L. J. Armitage; O. Arnaez; H. Arnold; M. Arratia; O. Arslan; A. Artamonov;Les résultats d'une recherche de gluinos dans des états finaux avec un électron ou un muon isolé, des jets multiples et une grande quantité de mouvement transverse manquante à l'aide de données de collision proton-proton à une énergie de centre de masse de $ \sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV sont présentés. L'ensemble de données utilisé a été enregistré en 2015 par l'expérience ATLAS au Grand collisionneur de hadrons et correspond à une luminosité intégrée de 3,2 fb$^{-1}$ . Six sélections de signal sont définies qui exploitent au mieux les caractéristiques du signal. Les données sont conformes aux attentes de fond du modèle standard dans les six sélections de signaux, et l'écart le plus important est un excès d'écart type de 2,1. Les résultats sont interprétés dans un modèle simplifié où les gluinos produits par paire se désintègrent via le chargino le plus léger en neutrino le plus léger. Dans ce modèle, les gluinos sont exclus jusqu'à des masses d'environ 1,6 TeV en fonction du spectre de masse du modèle simplifié, dépassant ainsi les limites des recherches précédentes. Se presentan los resultados de una búsqueda de gluinos en estados finales con un electrón o muón aislado, múltiples chorros y gran momento transversal faltante utilizando datos de colisión de protones a una energía del centro de masa de $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. El conjunto de datos utilizado fue registrado en 2015 por el experimento ATLAS en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones y corresponde a una luminosidad integrada de 3,2 fb$^{-1}$. Se definen seis selecciones de señal que explotan mejor las características de la señal. Los datos concuerdan con la expectativa de fondo del Modelo Estándar en las seis selecciones de señal, y la desviación más grande es un exceso de desviación estándar de 2.1. Los resultados se interpretan en un modelo simplificado donde los gluinos producidos por pares se descomponen a través del chargino más ligero al neutralino más ligero. En este modelo, los gluinos se excluyen hasta masas de aproximadamente 1,6 TeV dependiendo del espectro de masas del modelo simplificado, superando así los límites de las búsquedas anteriores. The results of a search for gluinos in final states with an isolated electron or muon, multiple jets and large missing transverse momentum using proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV are presented. The dataset used was recorded in 2015 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$. Six signal selections are defined that best exploit the signal characteristics. The data agree with the Standard Model background expectation in all six signal selections, and the largest deviation is a 2.1 standard deviation excess. The results are interpreted in a simplified model where pair-produced gluinos decay via the lightest chargino to the lightest neutralino. In this model, gluinos are excluded up to masses of approximately 1.6 TeV depending on the mass spectrum of the simplified model, thus surpassing the limits of previous searches. يتم عرض نتائج البحث عن الغلوينات في الحالات النهائية مع إلكترون أو ميون معزول، ونفاثات متعددة وزخم عرضي كبير مفقود باستخدام بيانات تصادم البروتون والبروتون في طاقة مركز الكتلة $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. تم تسجيل مجموعة البيانات المستخدمة في عام 2015 من قبل تجربة أطلس في مصادم الهادرونات الكبير وتتوافق مع لمعان متكامل قدره 3.2 مليار دولار^{-1 }$. يتم تحديد ستة اختيارات للإشارة تستغل خصائص الإشارة على أفضل وجه. تتفق البيانات مع توقعات خلفية النموذج القياسي في جميع اختيارات الإشارات الستة، وأكبر انحراف هو زيادة الانحراف المعياري 2.1. يتم تفسير النتائج في نموذج مبسط حيث تتحلل الغلوينات المنتجة للزوجين عبر أخف شاحن إلى أخف محايد. في هذا النموذج، يتم استبعاد الغلوينات حتى كتل تبلغ حوالي 1.6 تيرا إلكترون فولت اعتمادًا على الطيف الكتلي للنموذج المبسط، وبالتالي تجاوز حدود عمليات البحث السابقة.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2015Publisher:OpenAlex Georges Aad; B. Abbott; J. Abdallah; S. Abdel‐Khalek; O. Abdinov; R. Aben; B. Abi; M. Āboliņš; Ossama Abouzeid; H. Abramowicz; Yiming Abulaiti; R. Abreu; Y. Abulaiti; Bobby Samir Acharya; L. Adamczyk; D. L. Adams; J. Adelman; S. Adomeit; T. Adye; T. Agatonovic-Jovin; J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra; M. Agustoni; S. P. Ahlen; F. Ahmadov; Giulio Aielli; H. Akerstedt; T. P. A. Åkesson; G. Akimoto; A. V. Akimov; Gian Luigi Alberghi; J. Albert; S. Albrand; María Josefina Alconada Verzini; Martin Aleksa; C. Alexa; Gideon Alexander; G. Alexandre; T. Alexopoulos; M. Alhroob; G. Alimonti; L. Alio; J. Alison; Benedict Allbrooke; L. J. Allison; Philip Patrick Allport; A. Aloisio; A. Alonso; Francisco Alonso; C. Alpigiani; A. Altheimer; Bárbara Álvarez González; M. G. Alviggi; K. Amako; Yanhui Ma; C. Amelung; D. Amidei; Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos; A. Amorim; S. Amoroso; N. Amram; G. Amundsen; C. Anastopoulos; L. S. Ancu; N. Andari; T. Andeen; C. F. Anders; G. Anders; K. J. Anderson; A. Andreazza; V. Andrei; X. S. Anduaga; S. Angelidakis; I. Angelozzi; P. Anger; A. Angerami; F. Anghinolfi; Alexey Anisenkov; N. Anjos; A. Annovi; A. Antonaki; M. Antonelli; A. Antonov; J. Antos; F. Anulli; Mayumi Aoki; L. Aperio Bella; R. Apolle; G. Arabidze; I. Aracena; Y. Arai; J. P. Araque; A. T. H. Arce; Francisco Anuar Arduh; J-F. Arguin; Spyros Argyropoulos; M. Arık; A. J. Armbruster; O. Arnaez; V. Arnal;Este documento describe los algoritmos de activación y de reconstrucción, identificación y calibración de energía fuera de línea para las desintegraciones hadrónicas de los leptones tau empleados para los datos recopilados de las colisiones de pp en 2012 con el detector ATLAS en el centro de masa del LHC Energy $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8 $$ $ $\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . El rendimiento de estos algoritmos se mide en la mayoría de los casos con $$Z$$ decae a leptones tau utilizando el conjunto de datos completo de 2012, lo que corresponde a una luminosidad integrada de 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . Se logra una incertidumbre en la escala de energía tau reconstruida fuera de línea del 2–4 %, dependiendo de la energía transversal y la pseudorrapidez, utilizando dos métodos independientes. La eficiencia de identificación de tau fuera de línea se mide con una precisión del 2,5 % para los leptones tau en descomposición hadrónica con una pista asociada, y del 4 % para el caso de tres pistas asociadas, inclusive en pseudorrapidez y para una energía transversal visible superior a 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . Para las desintegraciones de leptones tau hadrónicos seleccionadas por algoritmos fuera de línea, la eficiencia de identificación del disparador tau se mide con una precisión del 2–8 %, dependiendo de la energía transversal. Se encuentra que el rendimiento de los algoritmos tau, tanto fuera de línea como a nivel de activación, es estable con respecto al número de interacciones protón-protón concurrentes y ha respaldado una variedad de resultados físicos utilizando leptones tau en descomposición hadrónica en ATLAS. Cet article décrit les algorithmes de déclenchement et de reconstruction hors ligne, d'identification et d'étalonnage de l'énergie pour les désintégrations hadroniques des leptons tau utilisés pour les données collectées à partir des collisions pp en 2012 avec le détecteur ATLAS au centre de masse du LHC énergie $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8 $$ $ $\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . La performance de ces algorithmes est mesurée dans la plupart des cas avec $$Z$$ se désintègre en leptons tau en utilisant l'ensemble complet des données 2012, correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de 20,3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . Une incertitude sur l'échelle d'énergie tau reconstruite hors ligne de 2–4 %, en fonction de l'énergie transversale et de la pseudorapidité, est obtenue en utilisant deux méthodes indépendantes. L'efficacité d'identification des tau hors ligne est mesurée avec une précision de 2,5 % pour les leptons tau en décomposition hadronique avec une piste associée, et de 4 % pour le cas de trois pistes associées, inclus dans la pseudorapidité et pour une énergie transverse visible supérieure à 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . Pour les désintégrations lepton tau hadroniques sélectionnées par des algorithmes hors ligne, l'efficacité d'identification du déclencheur tau est mesurée avec une précision de 2 à 8 %, en fonction de l'énergie transversale. La performance des algorithmes tau, à la fois hors ligne et au niveau du déclencheur, s'est avérée stable par rapport au nombre d'interactions proton–proton concurrentes et a soutenu une variété de résultats physiques utilisant des leptons tau en décomposition hadronique chez ATLAS. This paper describes the trigger and offline reconstruction, identification and energy calibration algorithms for hadronic decays of tau leptons employed for the data collected from pp collisions in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC center-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8$$ $$\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . The performance of these algorithms is measured in most cases with $$Z$$ decays to tau leptons using the full 2012 dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . An uncertainty on the offline reconstructed tau energy scale of 2–4 %, depending on transverse energy and pseudorapidity, is achieved using two independent methods. The offline tau identification efficiency is measured with a precision of 2.5 % for hadronically decaying tau leptons with one associated track, and of 4 % for the case of three associated tracks, inclusive in pseudorapidity and for a visible transverse energy greater than 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . For hadronic tau lepton decays selected by offline algorithms, the tau trigger identification efficiency is measured with a precision of 2–8 %, depending on the transverse energy. The performance of the tau algorithms, both offline and at the trigger level, is found to be stable with respect to the number of concurrent proton–proton interactions and has supported a variety of physics results using hadronically decaying tau leptons at ATLAS. تصف هذه الورقة خوارزميات إعادة البناء والتحديد ومعايرة الطاقة المحفزة وغير المتصلة بالإنترنت للتحلل الهادروني للبتونات تاو المستخدمة للبيانات التي تم جمعها من تصادمات PP في عام 2012 مع كاشف أطلس في مركز طاقة مصادم الهدرونات الكبير $$\ sqrt {\ mathrm {s}} = 8 $$$$\,\ hbox {TeV}$$ . يتم قياس أداء هذه الخوارزميات في معظم الحالات مع انحلال $$Z $$ إلى لبتونات تاو باستخدام مجموعة بيانات 2012 الكاملة، المقابلة لمعان متكامل قدره 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . يتم تحقيق عدم اليقين على مقياس طاقة تاو المعاد بناؤه دون اتصال بالإنترنت بنسبة 2–4 ٪، اعتمادًا على الطاقة العرضية والرأب الكاذب، باستخدام طريقتين مستقلتين. يتم قياس كفاءة تحديد تاو في وضع عدم الاتصال بدقة 2.5 ٪ للبتونات تاو المتحللة هدرونيكالياً بمسار واحد مرتبط، و 4 ٪ لحالة المسارات الثلاثة المرتبطة، بما في ذلك الرأس الكاذب والطاقة المستعرضة المرئية التي تزيد عن 20 $$\،\ hbox {GeV}$$ . بالنسبة لاضمحلال هادرونيك تاو ليبتون الذي تم اختياره بواسطة خوارزميات غير متصلة بالإنترنت، يتم قياس كفاءة تحديد الزناد تاو بدقة 2–8 ٪، اعتمادًا على الطاقة المستعرضة. وجد أن أداء خوارزميات تاو، سواء في وضع عدم الاتصال أو عند مستوى الزناد، مستقر فيما يتعلق بعدد تفاعلات البروتون- البروتون المتزامنة وقد دعمت مجموعة متنوعة من نتائج الفيزياء باستخدام لبتونات تاو المتحللة في أطلس.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2019 IndiaAuthors: Ghosh, Deepanwita;handle: 10821/8320
The present dissertation entitled “Theoretical study of structure, dissociation, reaction and thermochemistry of molecules of environmental and industrial interest” is submitted to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Science) of Jadavpur University. The study has been done for the investigation of electronic structure, metal ligand coordination, potential energy surface of reaction and thermochemistry of molecules having environmental and industrial interest using high-level theoretical methods. This thesis contains five chapters. An introduction of the thesis is given in first chapter for understanding the environment and industrial chemistry. The second chapter describes briefly the computational science, computational chemistry and a review of the theoretical methods. Third chapter deals with the electronic structure and metal ligand coordination observed in some chelates. The fourth chapter gives a theoretical account of the study of the reaction mechanism of an interesting atmospheric reaction. The dissociation channels, thermochemistry and spectroscopy of some molecules of industrial and atmospheric interest are studied in detail in last chapter five. ; The research was carried out under supervision of Prof. Abhijit Kr. Das of the Spectroscopy division of the SPS [School of Physical Sciences]
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Conference object , Article 2015Embargo end date: 30 Oct 2015 Germany, SwitzerlandPublisher:Lausanne, LESO-PB, EPFL Nouvel, R.; Kaden, R.; Bahu, J. M.; Kaempf, J.; Cipriano, P.; Lauster, M.; Benner, J.; Munoz, E.; Tournaire, O.; Casper, E.;The current climate and environmental policy efforts require comprehensive planning regarding the upgrade of the energy supply and infrastructures in cities. Planning comprises e.g. the determination of locations for new power generating facilities like photovoltaic, geothermal and decentralized combined heat and power stations, the widespread introduction of e-mobility solutions and hence the grid development as well as large-scale energetic building refurbishments. A holistic approach integrating extensive complex information is essential for the strategic planning of the different measures. In order to establish interoperability and data exchange between the different planners, stakeholders, and tools, an open information standard is required. To answer this need, an international group of urban energy simulation developers, geo- information scientists and users from 11 European organizations is developing an Application Domain Extension (ADE) Energy for the OGC open standard CityGML. This paper presents the collaborative development of this new open urban information model, including its genesis, objectives, structure and next planned steps.
MediaTUM arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2016Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneConference objectData sources: Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanneadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 19 citations 19 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert MediaTUM arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2016Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneConference objectData sources: Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanneadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021Publisher:University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Authors: Bhinal Mehta; A. Samarat; Siddharth Joshi;In view of global targets to expurgate the carbon foot prints, presently major focus is on integrating prosumer renewable energy sources (RES). This has caught more interest in studying the impacts of AC and DC micro grid. Looking at the advantages of power transformers for stepping up and down the voltages, AC grids seem favorable for transmitting power over long distances, but AC grids are also often subjected to difficulties associated with them such as frequency dip, voltage drop due to line impedance, skin effect and Ferranti effect etc. Most of the sources and loads, particularly the renewables like solar, battery etc., in a micro grid are basically DC in nature and their operating voltages are low. Considering the conversion losses and transformer cost combined with problems of AC grid, DC micro grids are catching attention and their analysis is thus required. This paper presents the controls of various types of distributed generation sources (DGs) including renewable energy sources (RES) so as to integrate them to form a micro-grid. The AC and DC micro-grid models have been developed and its performance is assessed. Stability analysis is performed on both AC and DC micro-grid during permanent faults, temporary faults and sudden load variations to have a comparative outcome for selection of a better micro-grid.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 SwitzerlandPublisher:ETH Zurich Authors: Nasrazadani, Hossein; id_orcid0000-0001-7620-0672; Bolli, Fabian; Adey, Bryan T.; id_orcid0000-0002-4932-5901;This paper proposes a simulation-based approach to conduct stress tests on transportation systems subject to extreme scenarios of rainfall leading to flooding. Stress tests represent situations where at least one part of the system, e.g., hazard intensity, performance of assets, is significantly worse than expected. To conduct them, the proposed approach features a set of interacting models that capture the behavior of the system under the effect of the conditions imposed by the stress tests. These include models that capture the occurrence of hazard events, performance of infrastructure assets and network, and the societal impacts. The proposed approach was used to conduct stress tests on a road network in Switzerland and three types of stress tests were conducted, labeled climate change, which investigates performance with increases in rainfall intensity in the future; travel demand, which investigates increases in demand for travel due to societal developments; and restoration capacity, which investigates decreases in post-hazard restoration capacity. The results provide significant insight into the vulnerabilities of the system under the considered stress tests. This information can be used to better plan measures to improve the resilience of the system. 14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP14)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Doctoral thesis , Book 2015Embargo end date: 09 Dec 2015 SwitzerlandPublisher:Lausanne, EPFL - LCH Authors: Guillén Ludeña, Sebastián;River confluences are not only hot spots of diversity but also main elements for the connectivity in water catchments. In the past century many of the Alpine rivers in Europe as well as their tributaries have been channelized. Especially the confluences have often been transferred to rigid channels. Even sills were installed between the tributary and the main river. The result is that the connectivity of the river system was severely interrupted. In order to restore these confluences, its hydro-morphosedimentary processes have to be known. Alpine confluences have steep tributaries with a high supply of coarse sediment, which strongly influences the hydro-morpho-sedimentary processes. They differ fundamentally from existing conceptual models of confluence dynamics mainly developed on lowland river confluences. In his research project Mr. Dr. Sebastian Guillen conducted for the first time a systematic experimental study on hydro-morphodynamic processes in alpine confluences with simultaneous sediment supply in the tributary and in the main channel. The candidate studied systematically the influence of two junction angles, namely 90° and 70°, as well as two different grain size distributions, with high and low gradation coefficients and the same median diameter. It could be observed that with continuous sediment supply into the main channel, deeper scour along the bank-attached bar was observed since the armouring of the bed was not easily possible. Dr. Guillen could also highlight that increasing discharge ratios produce deeper scour at the tributary mouth. With non-uniform sediments, the size of the bank-attached bar decreased with increasing discharge ratio. On the other hand the bank-attached bar was larger with increasing discharge ratio when uniform sediments were used in the tests. Furthermore Dr. Guillen demonstrated that lower junction angle (α = 70°) facilitates the penetration of the tributary-mouth bar and the delivery of tributary sediment load into the main channel. This deeper penetration of the tributary-mouth bar with α = 70° reduced the erosion at the tributary mouth and enlarged the bank-attached bar compared to α = 90°. When using uniform sediments in the experiments it could be also shown that the bankattached bar and the scour hole are strongly under-reproduced as compared to natural confluences, where a wide grain size distribution is normally predominant.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu5 citations 5 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2022Publisher:OpenAlex Authors: Moctar Dembélé;doi: 10.60692/sy5qp-7jp97
Résumé. Une évaluation complète des impacts du changement climatique sur les ressources en eau du bassin de la Volta en Afrique de l'Ouest est menée dans cette étude, car la région devrait être la plus durement touchée par le réchauffement climatique. Un grand ensemble de 12 modèles de circulation générale (GCM) du cinquième projet d'intercomparaison de modèles couplés (CMIP5) qui sont dynamiquement réduits par cinq modèles climatiques régionaux (RCM) de l'expérience coordonnée de réduction d'échelle du climat régional (CORDEX)-Afrique est utilisé. Au total, 43 combinaisonsde MCG sont considérées sous trois voies de concentration représentatives (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 et RCP8.5). La fiabilité de chacun des ensembles de données climatiques est d'abord évaluée avec des ensembles de données de référence satellitaires et de réanalyse. Par la suite, la méthode de correction du biais multivarié R2D2 (Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences) est appliquée aux ensembles de données climatiques. Les projections climatiques corrigées du biais sont ensuite utilisées comme entrée dans le modèle hydrologique à méso-échelle (mHM) pour les projections hydrologiques au cours du XXIe siècle (1991-2100). Les résultats révèlent des dynamiques contrastées dans la saisonnalité des précipitations, en fonction des scénarios d'émission de gaz à effet de serre sélectionnés et des périodes de projection futures. Bien que la température de l'air et l'évaporation potentielle augmentent dans tous les RCP, une augmentation de l'ampleur de toutes les variables hydrologiques (évaporation réelle, ruissellement total, recharge des eaux souterraines, humidité du sol et stockage de l'eau terrestre) n'est projetée que dans le cadre du RCP8.5. L'analyse des débits élevés et faibles suggère un risque accru d'inondation sous RCP8.5, en particulier dans la Volta Noire, tandis que les sécheresses hydrologiques seraient récurrentes sous RCP2.6 et RCP4.5, en particulier dans la Volta Blanche. Les évolutions du débit des cours d'eau indiquent un retard futur dans la date d'apparition des débits faibles jusqu'à 11 jours en vertu du RCP8.5, tandis que les débits élevés pourraient se produire 6 jours plus tôt (RCP2.6) ou 5 jours plus tard (RCP8.5), par rapport à la période historique. Des disparités sont observées dans les schémas spatiaux des variables hydroclimatiques à travers les zones climatiques, avec un réchauffement plus élevé dans la zone sahélienne. Par conséquent, le changement climatique aurait de graves implications pour la disponibilité future de l'eau avec des préoccupations pour l'agriculture pluviale, affaiblissant ainsi le lien entre l'eau et l'énergie et la sécurité alimentaire et amplifiant la vulnérabilité de la population locale. La variabilité entre les modèles climatiques met en évidence les incertitudes dans les projections et indique la nécessité de mieux représenter les caractéristiques climatiques complexes dans les modèles régionaux. Ces résultats pourraient servir de ligne directrice à la fois à la communauté scientifique pour améliorer les projections du changement climatique et aux décideurs pour élaborer des stratégies d'adaptation et d'atténuation afin de faire face aux conséquences du changement climatique et de renforcer le développement socio-économique régional. Resumen. En este estudio se realiza una evaluación exhaustiva de los impactos del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del río Volta en África Occidental, ya que se espera que la región sea la más afectada por el calentamiento global. Se utiliza un gran conjunto de 12 modelos de circulación general (GCM) del quinto Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP5) que se reducen dinámicamente mediante cinco modelos climáticos regionales (RCM) del Experimento Coordinado de Reducción de Escala Regional y Climática (CORDEX)-África. En total, 43 combinacionesde RCM-GCM se consideran bajo tres vías de concentración representativas (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 y RCP8.5). La fiabilidad de cada uno de los conjuntos de datos climáticos se evalúa primero con conjuntos de datos de referencia satelitales y de reanálisis. Posteriormente, se aplica el método de corrección de sesgo multivariante de Remuestreo de Rango para Distribuciones y Dependencias (R2D2) a los conjuntos de datos climáticos. Las proyecciones climáticas corregidas por sesgo se utilizan como entrada al Modelo Hidrológico de Mesoescala (mHM) para las proyecciones hidrológicas durante el siglo XXI (1991-2100). Los resultados revelan dinámicas contrastantes en la estacionalidad de las precipitaciones, en función de los escenarios de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero seleccionados y los períodos de proyección futuros. Aunque la temperatura del aire y la evaporación potencial aumentan en todos los RCP, un aumento en la magnitud de todas las variables hidrológicas (evaporación real, escorrentía total, recarga de agua subterránea, humedad del suelo y almacenamiento de agua terrestre) solo se proyecta en RCP8.5. El análisis de alto y bajo flujo sugiere un mayor riesgo de inundación bajo RCP8.5, particularmente en el Volta Negro, mientras que las sequías hidrológicas serían recurrentes bajo RCP2.6 y RCP4.5, particularmente en el Volta Blanco. Las evoluciones del flujo de corriente indican un retraso futuro en la fecha de ocurrencia de flujos bajos de hasta 11 días bajo RCP8.5, mientras que los flujos altos podrían ocurrir 6 días antes (RCP2.6) o 5 días después (RCP8.5), en comparación con el período histórico. Se observan disparidades en los patrones espaciales de las variables hidroclimáticas en las zonas climáticas, con un mayor calentamiento en la zona saheliana. Por lo tanto, el cambio climático tendría graves implicaciones para la disponibilidad futura de agua con preocupaciones para la agricultura de secano, debilitando así el nexo de seguridad alimentaria del agua y amplificando la vulnerabilidad de la población local. La variabilidad entre los modelos climáticos resalta las incertidumbres en las proyecciones e indica la necesidad de representar mejor las características climáticas complejas en los modelos regionales. Estos hallazgos podrían servir como guía tanto para que la comunidad científica mejore las proyecciones del cambio climático como para que los responsables de la toma de decisiones elaboren estrategias de adaptación y mitigación para hacer frente a las consecuencias del cambio climático y fortalecer el desarrollo socioeconómico regional. Abstract. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on water resources of the West Africa Volta River basin is conducted in this study, as the region is expected to be hardest hit by global warming. A large ensemble of 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are dynamically downscaled by five regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional-climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa is used. In total, 43 RCM–GCM combinations are considered under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The reliability of each of the climate datasets is first evaluated with satellite and reanalysis reference datasets. Subsequently, the Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences (R2D2) multivariate bias correction method is applied to the climate datasets. The bias-corrected climate projections are then used as input to the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) for hydrological projections over the 21st century (1991–2100). Results reveal contrasting dynamics in the seasonality of rainfall, depending on the selected greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the future projection periods. Although air temperature and potential evaporation increase under all RCPs, an increase in the magnitude of all hydrological variables (actual evaporation, total runoff, groundwater recharge, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage) is only projected under RCP8.5. High- and low-flow analysis suggests an increased flood risk under RCP8.5, particularly in the Black Volta, while hydrological droughts would be recurrent under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, particularly in the White Volta. The evolutions of streamflow indicate a future delay in the date of occurrence of low flows up to 11 d under RCP8.5, while high flows could occur 6 d earlier (RCP2.6) or 5 d later (RCP8.5), as compared to the historical period. Disparities are observed in the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic variables across climatic zones, with higher warming in the Sahelian zone. Therefore, climate change would have severe implications for future water availability with concerns for rain-fed agriculture, thereby weakening the water–energy–food security nexus and amplifying the vulnerability of the local population. The variability between climate models highlights uncertainties in the projections and indicates a need to better represent complex climate features in regional models. These findings could serve as a guideline for both the scientific community to improve climate change projections and for decision-makers to elaborate adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change and strengthen regional socioeconomic development. ملخص. يتم إجراء تقييم شامل لتأثيرات تغير المناخ على الموارد المائية لحوض نهر فولتا في غرب إفريقيا في هذه الدراسة، حيث من المتوقع أن تكون المنطقة الأكثر تضررًا من ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري. يتم استخدام مجموعة كبيرة من 12 نموذج دوران عام (GCMs) من مشروع المقارنة البينية للنموذج المقترن الخامس (CMIP5) والتي يتم تصغير نطاقها ديناميكيًا بواسطة خمسة نماذج مناخية إقليمية (RCMs) من تجربة تصغير نطاق المناخ الإقليمي المنسق (CORDEX)- أفريقيا. في المجموع، يتم النظرفي 43 مجموعة من RCM -GCM تحت ثلاثة مسارات تركيز تمثيلية (RCP2.6 و RCP4.5 و RCP8.5). يتم تقييم موثوقية كل مجموعة من مجموعات البيانات المناخية أولاً باستخدام مجموعات البيانات المرجعية للأقمار الصناعية وإعادة التحليل. بعد ذلك، يتم تطبيق طريقة تصحيح الانحياز متعدد المتغيرات لإعادة أخذ العينات للتوزيعات والاعتمادات (R2D2) على مجموعات البيانات المناخية. ثم يتم استخدام الإسقاطات المناخية المصححة بالتحيز كمدخلات للنموذج الهيدرولوجي متوسط النطاق (mHM) للإسقاطات الهيدرولوجية خلال القرن الحادي والعشرين (1991-2100). تكشف النتائج عن ديناميكيات متناقضة في موسمية هطول الأمطار، اعتمادًا على سيناريوهات انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة المختارة وفترات الإسقاط المستقبلية. على الرغم من زيادة درجة حرارة الهواء والتبخر المحتمل في جميع نقاط التحكم الإشعاعية، إلا أنه من المتوقع زيادة في حجم جميع المتغيرات الهيدرولوجية (التبخر الفعلي، إجمالي الجريان السطحي، إعادة تغذية المياه الجوفية، رطوبة التربة، وتخزين المياه الأرضية) فقط في إطار RCP8.5. يشير تحليل التدفق المرتفع والمنخفض إلى زيادة مخاطر الفيضانات بموجب RCP8.5، خاصة في الفولتا السوداء، في حين أن الجفاف الهيدرولوجي سيكون متكررًا بموجب RCP2.6 و RCP4.5، خاصة في الفولتا البيضاء. تشير تطورات تدفق التدفق إلى تأخير مستقبلي في تاريخ حدوث تدفقات منخفضة تصل إلى 11 "د بموجب RCP8.5، في حين يمكن أن تحدث تدفقات عالية قبل 6" د (RCP2.6) أو 5"د في وقت لاحق (RCP8.5)، مقارنة بالفترة التاريخية. لوحظت تباينات في الأنماط المكانية للمتغيرات المناخية المائية عبر المناطق المناخية، مع ارتفاع درجة الحرارة في منطقة الساحل. لذلك، سيكون لتغير المناخ آثار شديدة على توافر المياه في المستقبل مع المخاوف المتعلقة بالزراعة البعلية، وبالتالي إضعاف العلاقة بين الأمن الغذائي والطاقة المائية وتضخيم ضعف السكان المحليين. يسلط التباين بين النماذج المناخية الضوء على أوجه عدم اليقين في التوقعات ويشير إلى الحاجة إلى تمثيل السمات المناخية المعقدة بشكل أفضل في النماذج الإقليمية. يمكن أن تكون هذه النتائج بمثابة دليل لكل من المجتمع العلمي لتحسين توقعات تغير المناخ ولصانعي القرار لوضع استراتيجيات التكيف والتخفيف للتعامل مع عواقب تغير المناخ وتعزيز التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الإقليمية.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007 SwitzerlandPublisher:Analytica-Verlag Authors: Wüstenhagen, Rolf; Sammer, Katharina;handle: 20.500.14171/81168
Öko-Labelling ist ein wichtiges umweltpolitisches Instrument zur Überwindung von Marktversagen durch Informationsasymmetrien. Ein bewährtes Öko-Label im Bereich Energieeffizienz ist das EU-Energie-Label, welches die Energieeffizienz von Produkten auf einer Skala von A bis G beurteilt. Das Label wurde 1998 in Deutschland und 2002 in der Schweiz für Haushaltsgeräte wie Waschmaschinen, Kühlschränke etc. eingeführt. Seit März 2003 gilt das EU-Energie-Label in der Schweiz auch für Personenkraftwagen. Im Rahmen einer empirischen Befragung von 316 Automobilkäufern in der Schweiz wurden die Auswirkungen des Labels auf die Kaufentscheidung untersucht. Im Unter-schied zu früheren Untersuchungen dieser Art wurde die Bedeutung des Energie-Labels im Verhältnis zu anderen kaufrelevanten Faktoren nicht explizit abgefragt, sondern als eines von mehreren Produktmerkmalen im Rahmen eines Discrete Choice Experiments erhoben. Somit konnte indirekt die relative Bedeutung des Labels für die Kaufentschei-dung erhoben werden, unter weitestgehender Ausschaltung des Faktors soziale Er-wünschtheit. Die Ergebnisse vergleichen den Einfluss des Labels mit der Bedeutung anderer Produktmerkmale (wie Marke, Hubraum, Treibstoffart). In einem weiteren Schritt wurde untersucht, inwiefern die geplante Einführung eines Bonus-Malus-Systems geeignet ist, die Wirkung des EU-Energie-Labels zu verstärken.
Alexandria Research ... arrow_drop_down Alexandria Research PlatformArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Alexandria Research PlatformUniversity of St. Gallen: DSpaceArticle . 2007Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Alexandria Research ... arrow_drop_down Alexandria Research PlatformArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Alexandria Research PlatformUniversity of St. Gallen: DSpaceArticle . 2007Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2023 PakistanPublisher:World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Authors: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe;1 p.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2016Publisher:OpenAlex Georges Aad; B. Abbott; J. Abdallah; O. Abdinov; Baptiste Abeloos; R. Aben; M. Abolins; O. S. AbouZeid; Halina Abramowicz; Henso Abreu; R. Abreu; Yiming Abulaiti; Bobby Samir Acharya; L. Adamczyk; D. L. Adams; J. Adelman; S. Adomeit; T. Adye; Tony Affolder; T. Agatonović-Jovin; J. Agricola; J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra; S. P. Ahlen; Faig Ahmadov; Giulio Aielli; H. Åkerstedt; T. P. A. Åkesson; A. V. Akimov; G. L. Alberghi; J. Albert; S. Albrand; María Josefina Alconada Verzini; M. Aleksa; C. Alexa; G. Alexander; Theodoros Alexopoulos; Muhammad Alhroob; G. Alimonti; John Alison; S. P. Alkire; Benedict Allbrooke; Brandon Allen; Phillip Allport; A. Aloisio; Andrea García Alonso; Francisco Alonso; C. Alpigiani; B. Alvarez Gonzalez; D. Álvarez Piqueras; Mariagrazia Alviggi; B. T. Amadio; K. Amako; Y. Amaral Coutinho; C. Amelung; D. Amidei; Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos; A. Amorim; S. Amoroso; N. Amram; G. Amundsen; C. Anastopoulos; L. S. Ancu; N. Andari; T. Andeen; C. F. Anders; G. Anders; J. K. Anders; K. J. Anderson; A. Andreazza; V. Andrei; S. Angelidakis; I. Angelozzi; P. Anger; A. Angerami; F. Anghinolfi; Alexey Anisenkov; N. Anjos; A. Annovi; M. Antonelli; A. Antonov; J. Antos; F. Anulli; Mayumi Aoki; G. Bella; G. Arabidze; Y. Arai; J. P. Araque; Ayana Tamu Arce; F. A. Arduh; Jean-François Arguin; S. Argyropoulos; M. Arık; Aaron James Armbruster; L. J. Armitage; O. Arnaez; H. Arnold; M. Arratia; O. Arslan; A. Artamonov;Les résultats d'une recherche de gluinos dans des états finaux avec un électron ou un muon isolé, des jets multiples et une grande quantité de mouvement transverse manquante à l'aide de données de collision proton-proton à une énergie de centre de masse de $ \sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV sont présentés. L'ensemble de données utilisé a été enregistré en 2015 par l'expérience ATLAS au Grand collisionneur de hadrons et correspond à une luminosité intégrée de 3,2 fb$^{-1}$ . Six sélections de signal sont définies qui exploitent au mieux les caractéristiques du signal. Les données sont conformes aux attentes de fond du modèle standard dans les six sélections de signaux, et l'écart le plus important est un excès d'écart type de 2,1. Les résultats sont interprétés dans un modèle simplifié où les gluinos produits par paire se désintègrent via le chargino le plus léger en neutrino le plus léger. Dans ce modèle, les gluinos sont exclus jusqu'à des masses d'environ 1,6 TeV en fonction du spectre de masse du modèle simplifié, dépassant ainsi les limites des recherches précédentes. Se presentan los resultados de una búsqueda de gluinos en estados finales con un electrón o muón aislado, múltiples chorros y gran momento transversal faltante utilizando datos de colisión de protones a una energía del centro de masa de $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. El conjunto de datos utilizado fue registrado en 2015 por el experimento ATLAS en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones y corresponde a una luminosidad integrada de 3,2 fb$^{-1}$. Se definen seis selecciones de señal que explotan mejor las características de la señal. Los datos concuerdan con la expectativa de fondo del Modelo Estándar en las seis selecciones de señal, y la desviación más grande es un exceso de desviación estándar de 2.1. Los resultados se interpretan en un modelo simplificado donde los gluinos producidos por pares se descomponen a través del chargino más ligero al neutralino más ligero. En este modelo, los gluinos se excluyen hasta masas de aproximadamente 1,6 TeV dependiendo del espectro de masas del modelo simplificado, superando así los límites de las búsquedas anteriores. The results of a search for gluinos in final states with an isolated electron or muon, multiple jets and large missing transverse momentum using proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV are presented. The dataset used was recorded in 2015 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$. Six signal selections are defined that best exploit the signal characteristics. The data agree with the Standard Model background expectation in all six signal selections, and the largest deviation is a 2.1 standard deviation excess. The results are interpreted in a simplified model where pair-produced gluinos decay via the lightest chargino to the lightest neutralino. In this model, gluinos are excluded up to masses of approximately 1.6 TeV depending on the mass spectrum of the simplified model, thus surpassing the limits of previous searches. يتم عرض نتائج البحث عن الغلوينات في الحالات النهائية مع إلكترون أو ميون معزول، ونفاثات متعددة وزخم عرضي كبير مفقود باستخدام بيانات تصادم البروتون والبروتون في طاقة مركز الكتلة $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. تم تسجيل مجموعة البيانات المستخدمة في عام 2015 من قبل تجربة أطلس في مصادم الهادرونات الكبير وتتوافق مع لمعان متكامل قدره 3.2 مليار دولار^{-1 }$. يتم تحديد ستة اختيارات للإشارة تستغل خصائص الإشارة على أفضل وجه. تتفق البيانات مع توقعات خلفية النموذج القياسي في جميع اختيارات الإشارات الستة، وأكبر انحراف هو زيادة الانحراف المعياري 2.1. يتم تفسير النتائج في نموذج مبسط حيث تتحلل الغلوينات المنتجة للزوجين عبر أخف شاحن إلى أخف محايد. في هذا النموذج، يتم استبعاد الغلوينات حتى كتل تبلغ حوالي 1.6 تيرا إلكترون فولت اعتمادًا على الطيف الكتلي للنموذج المبسط، وبالتالي تجاوز حدود عمليات البحث السابقة.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2015Publisher:OpenAlex Georges Aad; B. Abbott; J. Abdallah; S. Abdel‐Khalek; O. Abdinov; R. Aben; B. Abi; M. Āboliņš; Ossama Abouzeid; H. Abramowicz; Yiming Abulaiti; R. Abreu; Y. Abulaiti; Bobby Samir Acharya; L. Adamczyk; D. L. Adams; J. Adelman; S. Adomeit; T. Adye; T. Agatonovic-Jovin; J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra; M. Agustoni; S. P. Ahlen; F. Ahmadov; Giulio Aielli; H. Akerstedt; T. P. A. Åkesson; G. Akimoto; A. V. Akimov; Gian Luigi Alberghi; J. Albert; S. Albrand; María Josefina Alconada Verzini; Martin Aleksa; C. Alexa; Gideon Alexander; G. Alexandre; T. Alexopoulos; M. Alhroob; G. Alimonti; L. Alio; J. Alison; Benedict Allbrooke; L. J. Allison; Philip Patrick Allport; A. Aloisio; A. Alonso; Francisco Alonso; C. Alpigiani; A. Altheimer; Bárbara Álvarez González; M. G. Alviggi; K. Amako; Yanhui Ma; C. Amelung; D. Amidei; Susana Patricia Amor dos Santos; A. Amorim; S. Amoroso; N. Amram; G. Amundsen; C. Anastopoulos; L. S. Ancu; N. Andari; T. Andeen; C. F. Anders; G. Anders; K. J. Anderson; A. Andreazza; V. Andrei; X. S. Anduaga; S. Angelidakis; I. Angelozzi; P. Anger; A. Angerami; F. Anghinolfi; Alexey Anisenkov; N. Anjos; A. Annovi; A. Antonaki; M. Antonelli; A. Antonov; J. Antos; F. Anulli; Mayumi Aoki; L. Aperio Bella; R. Apolle; G. Arabidze; I. Aracena; Y. Arai; J. P. Araque; A. T. H. Arce; Francisco Anuar Arduh; J-F. Arguin; Spyros Argyropoulos; M. Arık; A. J. Armbruster; O. Arnaez; V. Arnal;Este documento describe los algoritmos de activación y de reconstrucción, identificación y calibración de energía fuera de línea para las desintegraciones hadrónicas de los leptones tau empleados para los datos recopilados de las colisiones de pp en 2012 con el detector ATLAS en el centro de masa del LHC Energy $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8 $$ $ $\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . El rendimiento de estos algoritmos se mide en la mayoría de los casos con $$Z$$ decae a leptones tau utilizando el conjunto de datos completo de 2012, lo que corresponde a una luminosidad integrada de 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . Se logra una incertidumbre en la escala de energía tau reconstruida fuera de línea del 2–4 %, dependiendo de la energía transversal y la pseudorrapidez, utilizando dos métodos independientes. La eficiencia de identificación de tau fuera de línea se mide con una precisión del 2,5 % para los leptones tau en descomposición hadrónica con una pista asociada, y del 4 % para el caso de tres pistas asociadas, inclusive en pseudorrapidez y para una energía transversal visible superior a 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . Para las desintegraciones de leptones tau hadrónicos seleccionadas por algoritmos fuera de línea, la eficiencia de identificación del disparador tau se mide con una precisión del 2–8 %, dependiendo de la energía transversal. Se encuentra que el rendimiento de los algoritmos tau, tanto fuera de línea como a nivel de activación, es estable con respecto al número de interacciones protón-protón concurrentes y ha respaldado una variedad de resultados físicos utilizando leptones tau en descomposición hadrónica en ATLAS. Cet article décrit les algorithmes de déclenchement et de reconstruction hors ligne, d'identification et d'étalonnage de l'énergie pour les désintégrations hadroniques des leptons tau utilisés pour les données collectées à partir des collisions pp en 2012 avec le détecteur ATLAS au centre de masse du LHC énergie $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8 $$ $ $\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . La performance de ces algorithmes est mesurée dans la plupart des cas avec $$Z$$ se désintègre en leptons tau en utilisant l'ensemble complet des données 2012, correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de 20,3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . Une incertitude sur l'échelle d'énergie tau reconstruite hors ligne de 2–4 %, en fonction de l'énergie transversale et de la pseudorapidité, est obtenue en utilisant deux méthodes indépendantes. L'efficacité d'identification des tau hors ligne est mesurée avec une précision de 2,5 % pour les leptons tau en décomposition hadronique avec une piste associée, et de 4 % pour le cas de trois pistes associées, inclus dans la pseudorapidité et pour une énergie transverse visible supérieure à 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . Pour les désintégrations lepton tau hadroniques sélectionnées par des algorithmes hors ligne, l'efficacité d'identification du déclencheur tau est mesurée avec une précision de 2 à 8 %, en fonction de l'énergie transversale. La performance des algorithmes tau, à la fois hors ligne et au niveau du déclencheur, s'est avérée stable par rapport au nombre d'interactions proton–proton concurrentes et a soutenu une variété de résultats physiques utilisant des leptons tau en décomposition hadronique chez ATLAS. This paper describes the trigger and offline reconstruction, identification and energy calibration algorithms for hadronic decays of tau leptons employed for the data collected from pp collisions in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC center-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{\mathrm {s}} = 8$$ $$\,\hbox {TeV}$$ . The performance of these algorithms is measured in most cases with $$Z$$ decays to tau leptons using the full 2012 dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . An uncertainty on the offline reconstructed tau energy scale of 2–4 %, depending on transverse energy and pseudorapidity, is achieved using two independent methods. The offline tau identification efficiency is measured with a precision of 2.5 % for hadronically decaying tau leptons with one associated track, and of 4 % for the case of three associated tracks, inclusive in pseudorapidity and for a visible transverse energy greater than 20 $$\,\hbox {GeV}$$ . For hadronic tau lepton decays selected by offline algorithms, the tau trigger identification efficiency is measured with a precision of 2–8 %, depending on the transverse energy. The performance of the tau algorithms, both offline and at the trigger level, is found to be stable with respect to the number of concurrent proton–proton interactions and has supported a variety of physics results using hadronically decaying tau leptons at ATLAS. تصف هذه الورقة خوارزميات إعادة البناء والتحديد ومعايرة الطاقة المحفزة وغير المتصلة بالإنترنت للتحلل الهادروني للبتونات تاو المستخدمة للبيانات التي تم جمعها من تصادمات PP في عام 2012 مع كاشف أطلس في مركز طاقة مصادم الهدرونات الكبير $$\ sqrt {\ mathrm {s}} = 8 $$$$\,\ hbox {TeV}$$ . يتم قياس أداء هذه الخوارزميات في معظم الحالات مع انحلال $$Z $$ إلى لبتونات تاو باستخدام مجموعة بيانات 2012 الكاملة، المقابلة لمعان متكامل قدره 20.3 fb $$^{-1}$$ . يتم تحقيق عدم اليقين على مقياس طاقة تاو المعاد بناؤه دون اتصال بالإنترنت بنسبة 2–4 ٪، اعتمادًا على الطاقة العرضية والرأب الكاذب، باستخدام طريقتين مستقلتين. يتم قياس كفاءة تحديد تاو في وضع عدم الاتصال بدقة 2.5 ٪ للبتونات تاو المتحللة هدرونيكالياً بمسار واحد مرتبط، و 4 ٪ لحالة المسارات الثلاثة المرتبطة، بما في ذلك الرأس الكاذب والطاقة المستعرضة المرئية التي تزيد عن 20 $$\،\ hbox {GeV}$$ . بالنسبة لاضمحلال هادرونيك تاو ليبتون الذي تم اختياره بواسطة خوارزميات غير متصلة بالإنترنت، يتم قياس كفاءة تحديد الزناد تاو بدقة 2–8 ٪، اعتمادًا على الطاقة المستعرضة. وجد أن أداء خوارزميات تاو، سواء في وضع عدم الاتصال أو عند مستوى الزناد، مستقر فيما يتعلق بعدد تفاعلات البروتون- البروتون المتزامنة وقد دعمت مجموعة متنوعة من نتائج الفيزياء باستخدام لبتونات تاو المتحللة في أطلس.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2019 IndiaAuthors: Ghosh, Deepanwita;handle: 10821/8320
The present dissertation entitled “Theoretical study of structure, dissociation, reaction and thermochemistry of molecules of environmental and industrial interest” is submitted to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Science) of Jadavpur University. The study has been done for the investigation of electronic structure, metal ligand coordination, potential energy surface of reaction and thermochemistry of molecules having environmental and industrial interest using high-level theoretical methods. This thesis contains five chapters. An introduction of the thesis is given in first chapter for understanding the environment and industrial chemistry. The second chapter describes briefly the computational science, computational chemistry and a review of the theoretical methods. Third chapter deals with the electronic structure and metal ligand coordination observed in some chelates. The fourth chapter gives a theoretical account of the study of the reaction mechanism of an interesting atmospheric reaction. The dissociation channels, thermochemistry and spectroscopy of some molecules of industrial and atmospheric interest are studied in detail in last chapter five. ; The research was carried out under supervision of Prof. Abhijit Kr. Das of the Spectroscopy division of the SPS [School of Physical Sciences]
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Conference object , Article 2015Embargo end date: 30 Oct 2015 Germany, SwitzerlandPublisher:Lausanne, LESO-PB, EPFL Nouvel, R.; Kaden, R.; Bahu, J. M.; Kaempf, J.; Cipriano, P.; Lauster, M.; Benner, J.; Munoz, E.; Tournaire, O.; Casper, E.;The current climate and environmental policy efforts require comprehensive planning regarding the upgrade of the energy supply and infrastructures in cities. Planning comprises e.g. the determination of locations for new power generating facilities like photovoltaic, geothermal and decentralized combined heat and power stations, the widespread introduction of e-mobility solutions and hence the grid development as well as large-scale energetic building refurbishments. A holistic approach integrating extensive complex information is essential for the strategic planning of the different measures. In order to establish interoperability and data exchange between the different planners, stakeholders, and tools, an open information standard is required. To answer this need, an international group of urban energy simulation developers, geo- information scientists and users from 11 European organizations is developing an Application Domain Extension (ADE) Energy for the OGC open standard CityGML. This paper presents the collaborative development of this new open urban information model, including its genesis, objectives, structure and next planned steps.
MediaTUM arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2016Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneConference objectData sources: Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanneadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 19 citations 19 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert MediaTUM arrow_drop_down KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie)Article . 2016Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneConference objectData sources: Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanneadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021Publisher:University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Authors: Bhinal Mehta; A. Samarat; Siddharth Joshi;In view of global targets to expurgate the carbon foot prints, presently major focus is on integrating prosumer renewable energy sources (RES). This has caught more interest in studying the impacts of AC and DC micro grid. Looking at the advantages of power transformers for stepping up and down the voltages, AC grids seem favorable for transmitting power over long distances, but AC grids are also often subjected to difficulties associated with them such as frequency dip, voltage drop due to line impedance, skin effect and Ferranti effect etc. Most of the sources and loads, particularly the renewables like solar, battery etc., in a micro grid are basically DC in nature and their operating voltages are low. Considering the conversion losses and transformer cost combined with problems of AC grid, DC micro grids are catching attention and their analysis is thus required. This paper presents the controls of various types of distributed generation sources (DGs) including renewable energy sources (RES) so as to integrate them to form a micro-grid. The AC and DC micro-grid models have been developed and its performance is assessed. Stability analysis is performed on both AC and DC micro-grid during permanent faults, temporary faults and sudden load variations to have a comparative outcome for selection of a better micro-grid.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 SwitzerlandPublisher:ETH Zurich Authors: Nasrazadani, Hossein; id_orcid0000-0001-7620-0672; Bolli, Fabian; Adey, Bryan T.; id_orcid0000-0002-4932-5901;This paper proposes a simulation-based approach to conduct stress tests on transportation systems subject to extreme scenarios of rainfall leading to flooding. Stress tests represent situations where at least one part of the system, e.g., hazard intensity, performance of assets, is significantly worse than expected. To conduct them, the proposed approach features a set of interacting models that capture the behavior of the system under the effect of the conditions imposed by the stress tests. These include models that capture the occurrence of hazard events, performance of infrastructure assets and network, and the societal impacts. The proposed approach was used to conduct stress tests on a road network in Switzerland and three types of stress tests were conducted, labeled climate change, which investigates performance with increases in rainfall intensity in the future; travel demand, which investigates increases in demand for travel due to societal developments; and restoration capacity, which investigates decreases in post-hazard restoration capacity. The results provide significant insight into the vulnerabilities of the system under the considered stress tests. This information can be used to better plan measures to improve the resilience of the system. 14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP14)
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3929/ethz-b-000642068&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3929/ethz-b-000642068&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Doctoral thesis , Book 2015Embargo end date: 09 Dec 2015 SwitzerlandPublisher:Lausanne, EPFL - LCH Authors: Guillén Ludeña, Sebastián;River confluences are not only hot spots of diversity but also main elements for the connectivity in water catchments. In the past century many of the Alpine rivers in Europe as well as their tributaries have been channelized. Especially the confluences have often been transferred to rigid channels. Even sills were installed between the tributary and the main river. The result is that the connectivity of the river system was severely interrupted. In order to restore these confluences, its hydro-morphosedimentary processes have to be known. Alpine confluences have steep tributaries with a high supply of coarse sediment, which strongly influences the hydro-morpho-sedimentary processes. They differ fundamentally from existing conceptual models of confluence dynamics mainly developed on lowland river confluences. In his research project Mr. Dr. Sebastian Guillen conducted for the first time a systematic experimental study on hydro-morphodynamic processes in alpine confluences with simultaneous sediment supply in the tributary and in the main channel. The candidate studied systematically the influence of two junction angles, namely 90° and 70°, as well as two different grain size distributions, with high and low gradation coefficients and the same median diameter. It could be observed that with continuous sediment supply into the main channel, deeper scour along the bank-attached bar was observed since the armouring of the bed was not easily possible. Dr. Guillen could also highlight that increasing discharge ratios produce deeper scour at the tributary mouth. With non-uniform sediments, the size of the bank-attached bar decreased with increasing discharge ratio. On the other hand the bank-attached bar was larger with increasing discharge ratio when uniform sediments were used in the tests. Furthermore Dr. Guillen demonstrated that lower junction angle (α = 70°) facilitates the penetration of the tributary-mouth bar and the delivery of tributary sediment load into the main channel. This deeper penetration of the tributary-mouth bar with α = 70° reduced the erosion at the tributary mouth and enlarged the bank-attached bar compared to α = 90°. When using uniform sediments in the experiments it could be also shown that the bankattached bar and the scour hole are strongly under-reproduced as compared to natural confluences, where a wide grain size distribution is normally predominant.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu5 citations 5 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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