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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Revilla Cuesta, Víctor; Ortega López, Vanesa; Skaf Revenga, Marta; Fiol Olivan, Francisco; +1 Authors

    La presente revisión bibliográfica profundiza en cómo las características del Árido de Hormigón Reciclado (AHR) afectan al comportamiento resistente del Hormigón AutoCompactante (HAC) y cómo el efecto esperado del AHR puede alterarse por cambios en la composición del HAC. Se demuestra que, si la trabajabilidad del HAC se mantiene constante, la resistencia a compresión disminuye linealmente con el contenido de AHR, aunque este descenso será menor si el AHR procede del machaqueo de un hormigón de mayor resistencia. La disminución de la relación agua/cemento permite compensar esta pérdida de resistencia, aunque su valor debe permitir también mantener una adecuada trabajabilidad del HAC. La absorción de agua del AHR y su interacción con otros compontes incrementan la variabilidad del efecto del AHR. Debido a la gran cantidad de factores implicados en este comportamiento, es recomendable un estudio experimental del AHR y del HAC producido con él antes de su utilización. ; This literature review deepens in how the properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) affect the strength behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and how the expected effect of RCA can be modified by changes in its composition. It is demonstrated that, if the flowability of the SCC remains constant, the compressive strength decreases linearly with the RCA content, although this decrease is lower if the RCA is obtained from the crushing of a concrete with higher strength. The decrease of the water-to-cement ratio allows compensating this loss of strength, although its value should also allow keeping a suitable flowability. The water absorption of RCA and its interaction with other components of the mix increase the variability of the effect of RCA. Therefore, due to the large number of factors involved in this behavior, it is recommended to experimentally study the RCA and the SCC produced with it before its use. ; El presente trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN), la Agencia Estatal de Inves-tigación ...

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martín Arribas, Juan José;

    En esta publicación se examina y valora lo que causa el deterioro de la capa de ozono, los impactos que este genera, el sistema convencional de aplicación, que se ha ido pactando a medida que han progresado los avances científico-técnicos, destacándose en él el Convenio de Viena de 22 de marzo de 1985 y el Protocolo de Montreal de 16 de septiembre de 1987 junto con sus principales ajustes y enmiendas (Londres, junio de 1990; Copenhague, noviembre de 1992; Viena, diciembre de 1995; Montreal, septiembre de 1997; Beijing, noviembre-diciembre de 1999; Montreal, septiembre de 2007; Kigali, octubre de 2016; Quito, noviembre de 2018), así como un conjunto de normas del Derecho de la Unión Europea y del Derecho español que lo complementan y lo perfeccionan. De todo este conjunto normativo se evalúan sus objetivos, sus obligaciones, sus efectos, su aplicación práctica y su eficacia, su interacción con el cambio climático, haciéndose algunas propuestas de mejora. Ahora bien, debido, entre otras cosas, a las incertidumbres existentes, no parece muy cercana la resolución del deterioro de la capa de ozono. ; This publication examines and assesses what causes the deterioration of the ozone layer, the impacts it generates, the conventional application system, which has been agreed upon as scientific-technical advances have progressed, highlighting in it the Vienna Convention of March 22, 1985 and the Montreal Protocol of September 16, 1987 together with their main adjustments and amendments (London, June 1990; Copenhagen, November 1992; Vienna, December 1995; Montreal, September 1997; Beijing, November-December 1999; Montreal, September 2007; Kigali, October 2016; Quito, November 2018), as well as a set of regulations of European Union Law and Spanish Law that complement it and perfect it. The objectives, obligations, effects, practical application and effectiveness of this entire set of regulations are evaluated, along with their interaction with climate change, making some proposals for improvement. However, due, among other ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ortega Izquierdo, Margarita;

    Los impactos socioeconómicos asociados a las energías renovables son objeto de un intenso debate internacional. Esta investigación pretende cuantificar cuatro de los principales impactos socioeconómicos asociados a las tecnologías eólica y solar fotovoltaica en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea en el período 2008-2013. Se analizan los costes del apoyo público y los principales beneficios de estas tecnologías. Los beneficios debidos a la reducción de emisiones y al ahorro de combustibles fósiles se calculan con una robusta metodología, basada en una herramienta internacionalmente validada. Asimismo, se ha diseñado una innovadora metodología para el cálculo de los empleos brutos que aplica factores dinámicos de empleo y considera la capacidad productora de cada país y las curvas de aprendizaje. La principal aportación de esta tesis es el diseño de ambas metodologías, de sencilla aplicación, basadas en datos públicos y fácilmente replicables. Los resultados son similares a los de otros autores, validando ambas metodologías y pueden servir como instrumento para analizar inversiones y diseñar políticas energéticas. ; Many articles in the specialised economic press have debated about the socio-economic impacts related to renewable energies. The aim of this paper is to quantify some of the main socio-economic impacts attributed to the deployment of wind and photovoltaic technologies in the European Member States during a six-year period (2008-2013). This research considers the costs of supporting electricity from both technologies and some benefits of so doing. The economic benefits in terms of CO2 emissions reductions and fossil fuels substitution are calculated with a robust methodology, based on an internationally validated tool. The effects on employment have been calculated by means of an innovative methodology, which considers the existing industry structure of each Member State and the learning curves. The main contribution of this PhD is the design of both methodologies which are simple, based on public data and easily replicable. The results obtained are similar to the conclusions from the existing literature, validating both methodologies. They can provide a useful input for future policies.

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  • Authors: Redondo Rodríguez, Roger Guzmán;

    Los consumidores socialmente responsables, son aquellos que incorporan en sus compras criterios ecológicos, sociales y económicos. Las etiquetas y certificados, suponen para estos consumidores una valiosa fuente de información mediante la cual pueden identificar aquellos productos comprometidos con sus valores. Tras una encuesta realizada a 407 consumidores españoles, se efectúa un análisis empírico, donde se determinan los atributos que más valoran los consumidores en la compra de productos sostenibles, estableciendo un modelo factorial que identifica conductas similares ante diferentes atributos del producto. A su vez, se evalúa el grado de conocimiento de eco-etiquetas para varios sectores y se describe el perfil del consumidor socialmente responsable. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los consumidores desconocen las etiquetas que certifican productos sostenibles, y demandan un etiquetado más informativo y preciso. Finalmente, fundamentada en el diagnóstico realizado, se elabora una propuesta de valor, que resuelve los problemas detectados en el sistema de etiquetado actual. ; Socially responsible consumers are those who incorporate ecological, social and economic criteria in their purchases. The labels and certificates are a valuable source of information for these type of consumers to identify those products committed with their values. Based on a survey answered by 407 Spanish consumers, an empirical analysis is executed, where the attributes that consumers value the most in the purchase of sustainable products are determined, establishing a factorial model that identifies similar behavioral responses between different product attributes. In addition, we evaluate the degree of knowledge of certain eco-labels with presence in several sectors and we describe the profile of the socially responsible consumer. The results obtained indicate that consumers are unaware of the labels that certify sustainable products, and demand an informative and precise labelling. Finally, based on the previous diagnosis, a value proposal is elaborated, which resolves the problems detected in the current labelling system.

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  • Authors: Juez Uriagereka, Oier;

    El Modelado de Información de Construcción conocido como Building Information Modeling, (BIM) es una metodología colaborativa de trabajo de las industrias de arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción (AEC). Investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha han demostrado que las tecnologías BIM pueden proporcionar una comunicación de información más rápida y mucho más efectiva entre las partes interesadas del proyecto dejando de lado las metodologías individualizadas que dificultan la labor de estos. Las metodologías activas de trabajo colaborativas y cooperativas a nivel profesional, mejora las relaciones laborales incrementando la calidad del proyecto, a nivel educativo, mejora la relación entre el alumnado y los prepara para la vida adquiriendo valores como, compartir, cooperar y colaborar. El Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) es una de las metodologías activas que sitúa al alumnado en el centro del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje. Ha demostrado aportar una gran cantidad de beneficios convirtiendo a los estudiantes en protagonistas activos. De esta forma, el presente Trabajo fin de Master pretende presentar una propuesta de iniciación a la metodología BIM a través del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en el “Bloque 2. Instalaciones de viviendas” de la asignatura de Tecnología de 4º de Educación Secundaria. ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative work methodology of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industries. Research carried out to date has shown that BIM technologies can provide faster and much more effective communication of information between AEC project stakeholders, compared to applying individualised methods within each discipline. Active collaborative and cooperative work methods at a professional level improve labor relations by increasing the quality of the project as well as at an educational level by improving the relationship between students through the aquisition of cooperative and collaborative working skills. In this context, Project-Based Learning (PBL) is ...

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  • Authors: Martín Arribas, Juan José;

    La aviación emite cada vez más gases de efecto invernadero favoreciendo así el cambio climático. Para hacer frente a este problema, la Unión Europea adoptó la Directiva 2008/101/CE (Directiva aviación) que fue apoyada por numerosas organizaciones no gubernamentales y contestada por un buen grupo de Estados, organizaciones internacionales y asociaciones profesionales. En este contexto, esta publicación analiza sus principales precedentes jurídicos, su contenido y alcance, sus virtuales problemas, sus modificaciones y los logros y retos que actualmente plantea. ; Aviation emits more and more greenhouse gases, favoring climate change. To address this problem, the European Union adopted Directive 2008/101 / EC (aviation Directive), which was supported by numerous non-governmental organizations and answered by a good group of States, international organizations and professional associations. In this context, this publication analyzes its main legal precedents, its content and scope, its virtual problems, its modifications and the achievements and challenges that it currently poses.

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  • Authors: MacNeil, Robert;
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7 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Revilla Cuesta, Víctor; Ortega López, Vanesa; Skaf Revenga, Marta; Fiol Olivan, Francisco; +1 Authors

    La presente revisión bibliográfica profundiza en cómo las características del Árido de Hormigón Reciclado (AHR) afectan al comportamiento resistente del Hormigón AutoCompactante (HAC) y cómo el efecto esperado del AHR puede alterarse por cambios en la composición del HAC. Se demuestra que, si la trabajabilidad del HAC se mantiene constante, la resistencia a compresión disminuye linealmente con el contenido de AHR, aunque este descenso será menor si el AHR procede del machaqueo de un hormigón de mayor resistencia. La disminución de la relación agua/cemento permite compensar esta pérdida de resistencia, aunque su valor debe permitir también mantener una adecuada trabajabilidad del HAC. La absorción de agua del AHR y su interacción con otros compontes incrementan la variabilidad del efecto del AHR. Debido a la gran cantidad de factores implicados en este comportamiento, es recomendable un estudio experimental del AHR y del HAC producido con él antes de su utilización. ; This literature review deepens in how the properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) affect the strength behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and how the expected effect of RCA can be modified by changes in its composition. It is demonstrated that, if the flowability of the SCC remains constant, the compressive strength decreases linearly with the RCA content, although this decrease is lower if the RCA is obtained from the crushing of a concrete with higher strength. The decrease of the water-to-cement ratio allows compensating this loss of strength, although its value should also allow keeping a suitable flowability. The water absorption of RCA and its interaction with other components of the mix increase the variability of the effect of RCA. Therefore, due to the large number of factors involved in this behavior, it is recommended to experimentally study the RCA and the SCC produced with it before its use. ; El presente trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN), la Agencia Estatal de Inves-tigación ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martín Arribas, Juan José;

    En esta publicación se examina y valora lo que causa el deterioro de la capa de ozono, los impactos que este genera, el sistema convencional de aplicación, que se ha ido pactando a medida que han progresado los avances científico-técnicos, destacándose en él el Convenio de Viena de 22 de marzo de 1985 y el Protocolo de Montreal de 16 de septiembre de 1987 junto con sus principales ajustes y enmiendas (Londres, junio de 1990; Copenhague, noviembre de 1992; Viena, diciembre de 1995; Montreal, septiembre de 1997; Beijing, noviembre-diciembre de 1999; Montreal, septiembre de 2007; Kigali, octubre de 2016; Quito, noviembre de 2018), así como un conjunto de normas del Derecho de la Unión Europea y del Derecho español que lo complementan y lo perfeccionan. De todo este conjunto normativo se evalúan sus objetivos, sus obligaciones, sus efectos, su aplicación práctica y su eficacia, su interacción con el cambio climático, haciéndose algunas propuestas de mejora. Ahora bien, debido, entre otras cosas, a las incertidumbres existentes, no parece muy cercana la resolución del deterioro de la capa de ozono. ; This publication examines and assesses what causes the deterioration of the ozone layer, the impacts it generates, the conventional application system, which has been agreed upon as scientific-technical advances have progressed, highlighting in it the Vienna Convention of March 22, 1985 and the Montreal Protocol of September 16, 1987 together with their main adjustments and amendments (London, June 1990; Copenhagen, November 1992; Vienna, December 1995; Montreal, September 1997; Beijing, November-December 1999; Montreal, September 2007; Kigali, October 2016; Quito, November 2018), as well as a set of regulations of European Union Law and Spanish Law that complement it and perfect it. The objectives, obligations, effects, practical application and effectiveness of this entire set of regulations are evaluated, along with their interaction with climate change, making some proposals for improvement. However, due, among other ...

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    Authors: Ortega Izquierdo, Margarita;

    Los impactos socioeconómicos asociados a las energías renovables son objeto de un intenso debate internacional. Esta investigación pretende cuantificar cuatro de los principales impactos socioeconómicos asociados a las tecnologías eólica y solar fotovoltaica en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea en el período 2008-2013. Se analizan los costes del apoyo público y los principales beneficios de estas tecnologías. Los beneficios debidos a la reducción de emisiones y al ahorro de combustibles fósiles se calculan con una robusta metodología, basada en una herramienta internacionalmente validada. Asimismo, se ha diseñado una innovadora metodología para el cálculo de los empleos brutos que aplica factores dinámicos de empleo y considera la capacidad productora de cada país y las curvas de aprendizaje. La principal aportación de esta tesis es el diseño de ambas metodologías, de sencilla aplicación, basadas en datos públicos y fácilmente replicables. Los resultados son similares a los de otros autores, validando ambas metodologías y pueden servir como instrumento para analizar inversiones y diseñar políticas energéticas. ; Many articles in the specialised economic press have debated about the socio-economic impacts related to renewable energies. The aim of this paper is to quantify some of the main socio-economic impacts attributed to the deployment of wind and photovoltaic technologies in the European Member States during a six-year period (2008-2013). This research considers the costs of supporting electricity from both technologies and some benefits of so doing. The economic benefits in terms of CO2 emissions reductions and fossil fuels substitution are calculated with a robust methodology, based on an internationally validated tool. The effects on employment have been calculated by means of an innovative methodology, which considers the existing industry structure of each Member State and the learning curves. The main contribution of this PhD is the design of both methodologies which are simple, based on public data and easily replicable. The results obtained are similar to the conclusions from the existing literature, validating both methodologies. They can provide a useful input for future policies.

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  • Authors: Redondo Rodríguez, Roger Guzmán;

    Los consumidores socialmente responsables, son aquellos que incorporan en sus compras criterios ecológicos, sociales y económicos. Las etiquetas y certificados, suponen para estos consumidores una valiosa fuente de información mediante la cual pueden identificar aquellos productos comprometidos con sus valores. Tras una encuesta realizada a 407 consumidores españoles, se efectúa un análisis empírico, donde se determinan los atributos que más valoran los consumidores en la compra de productos sostenibles, estableciendo un modelo factorial que identifica conductas similares ante diferentes atributos del producto. A su vez, se evalúa el grado de conocimiento de eco-etiquetas para varios sectores y se describe el perfil del consumidor socialmente responsable. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los consumidores desconocen las etiquetas que certifican productos sostenibles, y demandan un etiquetado más informativo y preciso. Finalmente, fundamentada en el diagnóstico realizado, se elabora una propuesta de valor, que resuelve los problemas detectados en el sistema de etiquetado actual. ; Socially responsible consumers are those who incorporate ecological, social and economic criteria in their purchases. The labels and certificates are a valuable source of information for these type of consumers to identify those products committed with their values. Based on a survey answered by 407 Spanish consumers, an empirical analysis is executed, where the attributes that consumers value the most in the purchase of sustainable products are determined, establishing a factorial model that identifies similar behavioral responses between different product attributes. In addition, we evaluate the degree of knowledge of certain eco-labels with presence in several sectors and we describe the profile of the socially responsible consumer. The results obtained indicate that consumers are unaware of the labels that certify sustainable products, and demand an informative and precise labelling. Finally, based on the previous diagnosis, a value proposal is elaborated, which resolves the problems detected in the current labelling system.

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  • Authors: Juez Uriagereka, Oier;

    El Modelado de Información de Construcción conocido como Building Information Modeling, (BIM) es una metodología colaborativa de trabajo de las industrias de arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción (AEC). Investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha han demostrado que las tecnologías BIM pueden proporcionar una comunicación de información más rápida y mucho más efectiva entre las partes interesadas del proyecto dejando de lado las metodologías individualizadas que dificultan la labor de estos. Las metodologías activas de trabajo colaborativas y cooperativas a nivel profesional, mejora las relaciones laborales incrementando la calidad del proyecto, a nivel educativo, mejora la relación entre el alumnado y los prepara para la vida adquiriendo valores como, compartir, cooperar y colaborar. El Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) es una de las metodologías activas que sitúa al alumnado en el centro del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje. Ha demostrado aportar una gran cantidad de beneficios convirtiendo a los estudiantes en protagonistas activos. De esta forma, el presente Trabajo fin de Master pretende presentar una propuesta de iniciación a la metodología BIM a través del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en el “Bloque 2. Instalaciones de viviendas” de la asignatura de Tecnología de 4º de Educación Secundaria. ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative work methodology of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industries. Research carried out to date has shown that BIM technologies can provide faster and much more effective communication of information between AEC project stakeholders, compared to applying individualised methods within each discipline. Active collaborative and cooperative work methods at a professional level improve labor relations by increasing the quality of the project as well as at an educational level by improving the relationship between students through the aquisition of cooperative and collaborative working skills. In this context, Project-Based Learning (PBL) is ...

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  • Authors: Martín Arribas, Juan José;

    La aviación emite cada vez más gases de efecto invernadero favoreciendo así el cambio climático. Para hacer frente a este problema, la Unión Europea adoptó la Directiva 2008/101/CE (Directiva aviación) que fue apoyada por numerosas organizaciones no gubernamentales y contestada por un buen grupo de Estados, organizaciones internacionales y asociaciones profesionales. En este contexto, esta publicación analiza sus principales precedentes jurídicos, su contenido y alcance, sus virtuales problemas, sus modificaciones y los logros y retos que actualmente plantea. ; Aviation emits more and more greenhouse gases, favoring climate change. To address this problem, the European Union adopted Directive 2008/101 / EC (aviation Directive), which was supported by numerous non-governmental organizations and answered by a good group of States, international organizations and professional associations. In this context, this publication analyzes its main legal precedents, its content and scope, its virtual problems, its modifications and the achievements and challenges that it currently poses.

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  • Authors: MacNeil, Robert;
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