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Alkali metal-ion capacitors (AMICs) combine the advantages of the high specific energy of alkali metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) and the high power output of supercapacitors (SCs), which are considered highly promising and efficient energy storage devices. It is found that carbon has been the most widely used electrode material of AMICs due to its advantages of low cost, a large specific surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the application of carbon is limited by its low specific capacity, finite kinetic performance, and few active sites. Doping heteroatoms in carbon materials is an effective strategy to adjust their microstructures and improve their electrochemical storage performance, which effectively helps to increase the pseudo-capacitance, enhance the wettability, and increase the ionic migration rate. Moreover, an appropriate heteroatom doping strategy can purposefully guide the design of advanced AMICs. Herein, a systematic review of advanced heteroatom (N, S, P, and B)-doped carbon, which has acted as a positrode and negatrode in AMICs (M = Li, Na, and K) in recent years, has been summarized. Moreover, emphasis is placed on the mechanism of single-element doping versus two-element doping for the enhancement in the performance of carbon positrodes and negatrodes, and an introduction to the use of doped carbon in dual-carbon alkali metal-ion capacitors (DC-AMICs) is discussed. Finally, an outlook is given to solve the problems arising when using doped carbon materials in practical applications and future development directions are presented.

Alkali metal-ion capacitors (AMICs) combine the advantages of the high specific energy of alkali metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) and the high power output of supercapacitors (SCs), which are considered highly promising and efficient energy storage devices. It is found that carbon has been the most widely used electrode material of AMICs due to its advantages of low cost, a large specific surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the application of carbon is limited by its low specific capacity, finite kinetic performance, and few active sites. Doping heteroatoms in carbon materials is an effective strategy to adjust their microstructures and improve their electrochemical storage performance, which effectively helps to increase the pseudo-capacitance, enhance the wettability, and increase the ionic migration rate. Moreover, an appropriate heteroatom doping strategy can purposefully guide the design of advanced AMICs. Herein, a systematic review of advanced heteroatom (N, S, P, and B)-doped carbon, which has acted as a positrode and negatrode in AMICs (M = Li, Na, and K) in recent years, has been summarized. Moreover, emphasis is placed on the mechanism of single-element doping versus two-element doping for the enhancement in the performance of carbon positrodes and negatrodes, and an introduction to the use of doped carbon in dual-carbon alkali metal-ion capacitors (DC-AMICs) is discussed. Finally, an outlook is given to solve the problems arising when using doped carbon materials in practical applications and future development directions are presented.

The Arctic climate system is in great distress, warming faster than the rest of the world and transforming more rapidly than previously anticipated. Sustained and harmonized multidisciplinary observations at key locations are needed to fill knowledge gaps and evaluate the ongoing climate change impacts on the complex Arctic marine system. For more than a decade, the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) has functioned as a “detection array” for ecosystem changes and trends in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. This long-term collaborative initiative builds on active involvement of scientists conducting in situ observations within marine disciplines to systematically document how the arctic marine ecosystem is transforming with environmental change. The DBO concept is currently being expanded into other sectors of the Arctic, including Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, the Atlantic Arctic gateway area, and the East Siberian Sea. Through increased collaboration and joint practices, findings from these regional areas can leverage to pan-Arctic perspectives and improve our understanding of the entire Arctic Ocean. Common practices are now being developed, including key phenomena and relevant indicators to study. Also, we strive towards harmonized routines for sampling, analysis and data sharing to increase the comparability across both disciplines and regions, and to improve the usability of our in-situ observations also for the modelling and remote sensing scopes. An ambition is, moreover, to expand from today's predominantly open-sea coverage towards coastal regions, to the benefit of both local communities and researchers. The process of establishing a pan-Arctic DBO network is to a large part facilitated by the EU Horizon project Arctic PASSION (2022-2025). Here, we present the latest developments and shared priorities, as well as our vision of how to incorporate our efforts into other parallel processes aiming to strengthen the pan-Arctic observing system towards, during and beyond the upcoming IPY.

The Arctic climate system is in great distress, warming faster than the rest of the world and transforming more rapidly than previously anticipated. Sustained and harmonized multidisciplinary observations at key locations are needed to fill knowledge gaps and evaluate the ongoing climate change impacts on the complex Arctic marine system. For more than a decade, the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) has functioned as a “detection array” for ecosystem changes and trends in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. This long-term collaborative initiative builds on active involvement of scientists conducting in situ observations within marine disciplines to systematically document how the arctic marine ecosystem is transforming with environmental change. The DBO concept is currently being expanded into other sectors of the Arctic, including Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, the Atlantic Arctic gateway area, and the East Siberian Sea. Through increased collaboration and joint practices, findings from these regional areas can leverage to pan-Arctic perspectives and improve our understanding of the entire Arctic Ocean. Common practices are now being developed, including key phenomena and relevant indicators to study. Also, we strive towards harmonized routines for sampling, analysis and data sharing to increase the comparability across both disciplines and regions, and to improve the usability of our in-situ observations also for the modelling and remote sensing scopes. An ambition is, moreover, to expand from today's predominantly open-sea coverage towards coastal regions, to the benefit of both local communities and researchers. The process of establishing a pan-Arctic DBO network is to a large part facilitated by the EU Horizon project Arctic PASSION (2022-2025). Here, we present the latest developments and shared priorities, as well as our vision of how to incorporate our efforts into other parallel processes aiming to strengthen the pan-Arctic observing system towards, during and beyond the upcoming IPY.

Due to its innovative structure and superior handling of long time series data with parallel input, the Transformer model has demonstrated a remarkable effectiveness. However, its application in lithium-ion battery degradation research requires a massive amount of data, which is disadvantageous for the online monitoring of batteries. This paper proposes a lithium-ion battery degradation research method based on the CNN-Transformer model. By leveraging the efficiency of the CNN model in feature extraction, it reduces the dependency of the Transformer model on data volume, thereby ensuring faster overall model training without a significant loss in model accuracy. This facilitates the online monitoring of battery degradation. The dataset used for training and validation consists of charge–discharge data from 124 lithium iron phosphate batteries. The experimental results include an analysis of the model training results for both single-battery and multiple-battery data, compared with commonly used models such as LSTM and Transformer. Regarding the instability of single-battery data in the CNN-Transformer model, statistical analysis is conducted to analyze the experimental results. The final model results indicate that the root mean square error (RMSE) of capacity predictions for the majority of batteries among the 124 batteries is within 3% of the actual values.

Due to its innovative structure and superior handling of long time series data with parallel input, the Transformer model has demonstrated a remarkable effectiveness. However, its application in lithium-ion battery degradation research requires a massive amount of data, which is disadvantageous for the online monitoring of batteries. This paper proposes a lithium-ion battery degradation research method based on the CNN-Transformer model. By leveraging the efficiency of the CNN model in feature extraction, it reduces the dependency of the Transformer model on data volume, thereby ensuring faster overall model training without a significant loss in model accuracy. This facilitates the online monitoring of battery degradation. The dataset used for training and validation consists of charge–discharge data from 124 lithium iron phosphate batteries. The experimental results include an analysis of the model training results for both single-battery and multiple-battery data, compared with commonly used models such as LSTM and Transformer. Regarding the instability of single-battery data in the CNN-Transformer model, statistical analysis is conducted to analyze the experimental results. The final model results indicate that the root mean square error (RMSE) of capacity predictions for the majority of batteries among the 124 batteries is within 3% of the actual values.

N‐Ethyl carboxylic acid functionalized polyethyleneimine (N‐CEPEI) has been explored as a novel water‐solution binder for LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes, which is synthesized via Michael addition reaction of acrylic acid with the primary and secondary amines from PEI, followed by subsequent in situ condensation. The N‐CEPEI binder facilitates the formation of a 3D polymer networks, which exhibits a higher diffusion efficacy of lithium ions and better mechanical strength compared to the commercial poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binder, and thus maintains the structural integrity of LFP electrode. The electrochemical performance of the LFP electrode utilizing N‐CEPEI binder is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long‐cycle‐life testing, and the results are compared with those of electrodes using PVDF and PEI binder. The optimal LFP electrode with N‐CEPEI binder exhibits superior cycling stability and rate capability, delivering a capacity of 139.60 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 94.8% after 400 cycles at 1 C, as compared with 86.6% for PVDF‐LFP electrode. Even at a high rate of 5 C, the N‐CEPEI‐LFP electrode maintains a capacity of 80 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. This work highlights the potential of N‐CEPEI as an effective water‐solution binder for LFP‐based lithium‐ion batteries.