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AbstractThere is close relationship between science & technology inputs and economic growth. Based on the data of science & technology input and economic growth, the paper makes the econometric models analysis on the economic growth and science & technology input of the three major coastal economic regions of China. The paper analyzes and compares the contribution rate of science & technology inputs to economic growth of the three major economic regions.

AbstractThere is close relationship between science & technology inputs and economic growth. Based on the data of science & technology input and economic growth, the paper makes the econometric models analysis on the economic growth and science & technology input of the three major coastal economic regions of China. The paper analyzes and compares the contribution rate of science & technology inputs to economic growth of the three major economic regions.

AbstractElevated CO2 concentration has been reported to decrease grain nutrient concentrations and thus worsen nutritional deficiency and hidden hunger. One nutritional aspect is mineral content, yet mineral bioavailability can be limited by the presence of phytic acid. Given that future climate scenarios predict elevated global temperature driven by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, we used Temperature by Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment (T‐FACE) field experiments to investigate whether elevated temperature alters the effects of elevated CO2 on grain mineral concentrations, grain mineral yields, and their bioavailability in a range of wheat and rice genotypes. We found that the negative effects of elevated CO2 were compensated for by positive effects of elevated temperature. As a result, the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature increased concentrations of some minerals by up to ~15% in both rice and wheat relative to control conditions. Moreover, the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature did not significantly change total yields of some minerals despite lower grain yields. The combined CO2 and temperature elevation increased phytic acid concentration in rice by 18.1% but decreased it in wheat by 3.5%. The mineral bioavailability, estimated as the mole ratio of phytic acid to minerals in rice and wheat grains, was limited by the combined CO2 and temperature elevation in only a few cases. Our results indicate that under future climate conditions of elevated temperature and CO2, the nutritional quality of rice and wheat with respect to minerals may remain unchanged.

AbstractElevated CO2 concentration has been reported to decrease grain nutrient concentrations and thus worsen nutritional deficiency and hidden hunger. One nutritional aspect is mineral content, yet mineral bioavailability can be limited by the presence of phytic acid. Given that future climate scenarios predict elevated global temperature driven by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, we used Temperature by Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment (T‐FACE) field experiments to investigate whether elevated temperature alters the effects of elevated CO2 on grain mineral concentrations, grain mineral yields, and their bioavailability in a range of wheat and rice genotypes. We found that the negative effects of elevated CO2 were compensated for by positive effects of elevated temperature. As a result, the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature increased concentrations of some minerals by up to ~15% in both rice and wheat relative to control conditions. Moreover, the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature did not significantly change total yields of some minerals despite lower grain yields. The combined CO2 and temperature elevation increased phytic acid concentration in rice by 18.1% but decreased it in wheat by 3.5%. The mineral bioavailability, estimated as the mole ratio of phytic acid to minerals in rice and wheat grains, was limited by the combined CO2 and temperature elevation in only a few cases. Our results indicate that under future climate conditions of elevated temperature and CO2, the nutritional quality of rice and wheat with respect to minerals may remain unchanged.

Abstract In this study, the effects of the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and acetic acid and a surfactant on the physicochemical characteristics of coal, such as pore diameter distribution, pore fractal dimension, and chemical structures were studied. The wettability performance of the reagent-modified coal was proposed. The results demonstrated that the mineral dissolution rate of HF in the coal sample was much higher than those by HCl and HAC treatment, which increases the surface roughness of coal. With the increase in the concentration of a multicomponent acid solution, the number of micropores decreased and the number of macropores increased. Moreover, both fractal dimensions D1 and D2 of the coal sample treated with the multicomponent acid comprising 6% HCl, 6% HF, and 6% HAC (#3) were the smallest. This shows that compound reagent #3 is available to enhance the pore size distribution with a better effect than the other five ones. Compared with the raw coal (#7), treatment with high concentrations of HCl (#4) significantly decreased the contact angle on coal (#4), whereas treatment with high concentrations of HF or HAC (#6 or #5), significantly increased it.

Abstract In this study, the effects of the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and acetic acid and a surfactant on the physicochemical characteristics of coal, such as pore diameter distribution, pore fractal dimension, and chemical structures were studied. The wettability performance of the reagent-modified coal was proposed. The results demonstrated that the mineral dissolution rate of HF in the coal sample was much higher than those by HCl and HAC treatment, which increases the surface roughness of coal. With the increase in the concentration of a multicomponent acid solution, the number of micropores decreased and the number of macropores increased. Moreover, both fractal dimensions D1 and D2 of the coal sample treated with the multicomponent acid comprising 6% HCl, 6% HF, and 6% HAC (#3) were the smallest. This shows that compound reagent #3 is available to enhance the pore size distribution with a better effect than the other five ones. Compared with the raw coal (#7), treatment with high concentrations of HCl (#4) significantly decreased the contact angle on coal (#4), whereas treatment with high concentrations of HF or HAC (#6 or #5), significantly increased it.