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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Cristina Prieto; Emiliano Borri; M. Carmen Pavon-Moreno; Gabriel Zsembinszki; +1 Authors

    Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a key role in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants by enhancing dispatchability and improving overall system efficiency. This study presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of three TES configurations integrated into CSP plants: (i) the conventional two-tank molten salt system, (ii) a phase change material (PCM)-based system with a cascade arrangement, and (iii) a concrete-based system. While technical performance simulations indicate similar annual energy production across all cases, significant differences emerge in economic viability. The PCM TES system demonstrates the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) at $14.35/kWh, leveraging its high energy density and reduced material requirements, despite lower efficiency (93 % compared to 99 % in molten salt). Conversely, the concrete TES system, while capable of extended discharge at partial loads, incurs higher parasitic losses and investment costs, resulting in a higher LCoE ($16.16/kWh). The cost analysis further highlights the cost-performance quotient (CPQ) as a valuable metric for assessing TES competitiveness, with PCM exhibiting the most favorable CPQ of $1.04/kWh. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating economic assessments into TES selection for CSP plants. Moreover, the study identifies opportunities for cost reduction in concrete TES through optimized modular designs and improved material formulations. This work provides valuable insights for policymakers, engineers, and industry stakeholders aiming to enhance the financial feasibility of next-generation CSP storage solutions. This study receives funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the PCI2020-120695-2 project and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR“. CSP-ERA.NET is supported by the European Commission within the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (Cofund ERA-NET Action, N° 838311). This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España TED2021-132216A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union by NextGenerationEU/PRTR. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (PID2021-123511OB-C31 – MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) and (RED2022-134219-T). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. The authors from University of Lleida would like to thank the Departament de Recerca i Universitats of the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2021 SGR 01615). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Thermal Engineering
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Thermal Engineering
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Juan Martínez de Aragón; Javier Hedo; Rubén Díaz-Sierra; Matthias M. Boer; +8 Authors

    Fuel moisture limits the availability of fuel to wildfires in many forest areas worldwide, but the effects of climate change on moisture constraints remain largely unknown. Here we addressed how climate affects fuel moisture in pine stands from Catalonia, NE Spain, and the potential effects of increasing climate aridity on burned area in the Pyrenees, a mesic mountainous area where fire is currently rare. We first quantified variation in fuel moisture in six sites distributed across an altitudinal gradient where the long-term mean annual temperature and precipitation vary by 6-15 °C and 395-933 mm, respectively. We observed significant spatial variation in live (78-162%) and dead (10-15%) fuel moisture across sites. The pattern of variation was negatively linked (r = |0.6|-|0.9|) to increases in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and in the Aridity Index. Using seasonal fire records over 2006-2020, we observed that summer burned area in the Mediterranean forests of Northeast Spain and Southern France was strongly dependent on VPD (r = 0.93), the major driver (and predictor) of dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) at our sites. Based on the difference between VPD thresholds associated with large wildfire seasons in the Mediterranean (3.6 kPa) and the maximum VPD observed in surrounding Pyrenean mountains (3.1 kPa), we quantified the "safety margin" for Pyrenean forests (difference between actual VPD and that associated with large wildfires) at 0.5 kPa. The effects of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) on burned area were not significant under current conditions, a situation that may change with projected increases in climate aridity. Overall, our results indicate that DFMC in currently fire-free areas in Europe, like the Pyrenees, with vast amounts of fuel in many forest stands, may reach critical dryness thresholds beyond the safety margin and experience large wildfires after only mild increases in VPD, although LFMC can modulate the response.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sc...
    Article
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma
    addClaim

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    40
    citations40
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sc...
      Article
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Pablo D. Tagle-Salazar; Cristina Prieto; Anton López-Román; Luisa F. Cabeza;

    Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a proven and mature technology for energy supply. In recent years, electricity generation based on this technology has increased worldwide, to a large degree due to its high dispatchability when coupled with an energy storage system. Commercially, most plants store the energy in molten salts in a two-tank configuration. This study focuses on this storage configuration and proposes a mathematical model for the thermal losses in these tanks, both at nominal conditions and during transients. With this model at its core, a computational tool for thermal performance analysis in OpenModelica is developed. This dynamic thermal model includes the estimation of local heat loss due to assembly defects, which are heat flows that cannot be determined by theoretical modelling. The development of a semi-empirical correlation for estimating local heat loss is also presented. Simulation results showed that this local heat loss may represent a share about 40% of the total heat loss in a small-scale tank. A comparison of the characteristics of the model proposed in a previous work is also presented to establish the innovation of the model. Two thermal storage systems with different tank designs and sizes were simulated to compare the results using the present model with data available in the literature. Results show good agreement in transient thermal behaviour of heat flows, temperatures, and cooling rates when compared with data from other authors for the same tank. This project was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under No. 838311 (CSP plus). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREiA (2021 SGR 01615). GREiA is a certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2021-123511OB-C31 - MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, EU, TED2021-132216A-I00 and RED2022-134219-T). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: PISELLI, CRISTINA; Saffari, Mohammad; de Gracia, Alvaro; PISELLO, ANNA LAURA; +2 Authors

    Abstract Cool roofs have been widely proved to represent an effective strategy for building thermal-energy performance improvement during the cooling season. However, their effectiveness along the whole year can be affected by building features and other boundary conditions. The present work aims at assessing the energy performance of high solar reflectance roof solutions in different climate zones, when implemented in a variety of building typologies. Therefore, an optimization study was carried out to select the optimum roof solar reflectance able to minimize building annual HVAC energy consumption. In this work, Italian climate zones were considered as case study conditions. The analysis was performed through dynamic simulation of validated standard ASHRAE building reference models. Moreover, the role of (i) type of HVAC system operating, (ii) presence and intensity of internal gains, and (iii) roof thermal insulation level was evaluated on the resulting optimum roof reflectance capability. Results show that the optimum roof solar reflectance varies under different climate conditions, mainly depending on heating or cooling dominated conditions. However, all further analyzed boundary conditions, i.e. building typology, HVAC system, internal gains, and roof insulation level, affect building energy performance and, therefore, the optimum roof reflectance identification. In the hottest climate, the optimum roof solar reflectance resulted to be consistently equal to the maximum considered, i.e. 0.8, also with varying the other parameters. Moreover, the annual HVAC energy need is more sensitive to roof reflectance in the apartment building, showing 17% of energy savings with standard model characteristics. On the other hand, in heating dominated climates, the optimum roof solar reflectance is more variable, ranging over all the considered values, because it is affected by the additional boundary conditions. On the contrary, the variability of HVAC need due to roof solar reflectance variation is generally lower.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Flore (Florence Rese...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
    Article
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Cristina Prieto; Emiliano Borri; M. Carmen Pavon-Moreno; Gabriel Zsembinszki; +1 Authors

    Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a key role in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants by enhancing dispatchability and improving overall system efficiency. This study presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of three TES configurations integrated into CSP plants: (i) the conventional two-tank molten salt system, (ii) a phase change material (PCM)-based system with a cascade arrangement, and (iii) a concrete-based system. While technical performance simulations indicate similar annual energy production across all cases, significant differences emerge in economic viability. The PCM TES system demonstrates the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) at $14.35/kWh, leveraging its high energy density and reduced material requirements, despite lower efficiency (93 % compared to 99 % in molten salt). Conversely, the concrete TES system, while capable of extended discharge at partial loads, incurs higher parasitic losses and investment costs, resulting in a higher LCoE ($16.16/kWh). The cost analysis further highlights the cost-performance quotient (CPQ) as a valuable metric for assessing TES competitiveness, with PCM exhibiting the most favorable CPQ of $1.04/kWh. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating economic assessments into TES selection for CSP plants. Moreover, the study identifies opportunities for cost reduction in concrete TES through optimized modular designs and improved material formulations. This work provides valuable insights for policymakers, engineers, and industry stakeholders aiming to enhance the financial feasibility of next-generation CSP storage solutions. This study receives funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the PCI2020-120695-2 project and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR“. CSP-ERA.NET is supported by the European Commission within the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (Cofund ERA-NET Action, N° 838311). This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España TED2021-132216A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union by NextGenerationEU/PRTR. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (PID2021-123511OB-C31 – MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) and (RED2022-134219-T). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. The authors from University of Lleida would like to thank the Departament de Recerca i Universitats of the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2021 SGR 01615). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Thermal Engineering
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Thermal Engineering
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Juan Martínez de Aragón; Javier Hedo; Rubén Díaz-Sierra; Matthias M. Boer; +8 Authors

    Fuel moisture limits the availability of fuel to wildfires in many forest areas worldwide, but the effects of climate change on moisture constraints remain largely unknown. Here we addressed how climate affects fuel moisture in pine stands from Catalonia, NE Spain, and the potential effects of increasing climate aridity on burned area in the Pyrenees, a mesic mountainous area where fire is currently rare. We first quantified variation in fuel moisture in six sites distributed across an altitudinal gradient where the long-term mean annual temperature and precipitation vary by 6-15 °C and 395-933 mm, respectively. We observed significant spatial variation in live (78-162%) and dead (10-15%) fuel moisture across sites. The pattern of variation was negatively linked (r = |0.6|-|0.9|) to increases in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and in the Aridity Index. Using seasonal fire records over 2006-2020, we observed that summer burned area in the Mediterranean forests of Northeast Spain and Southern France was strongly dependent on VPD (r = 0.93), the major driver (and predictor) of dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) at our sites. Based on the difference between VPD thresholds associated with large wildfire seasons in the Mediterranean (3.6 kPa) and the maximum VPD observed in surrounding Pyrenean mountains (3.1 kPa), we quantified the "safety margin" for Pyrenean forests (difference between actual VPD and that associated with large wildfires) at 0.5 kPa. The effects of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) on burned area were not significant under current conditions, a situation that may change with projected increases in climate aridity. Overall, our results indicate that DFMC in currently fire-free areas in Europe, like the Pyrenees, with vast amounts of fuel in many forest stands, may reach critical dryness thresholds beyond the safety margin and experience large wildfires after only mild increases in VPD, although LFMC can modulate the response.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sc...
    Article
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma
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    40
    citations40
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sc...
      Article
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Pablo D. Tagle-Salazar; Cristina Prieto; Anton López-Román; Luisa F. Cabeza;

    Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a proven and mature technology for energy supply. In recent years, electricity generation based on this technology has increased worldwide, to a large degree due to its high dispatchability when coupled with an energy storage system. Commercially, most plants store the energy in molten salts in a two-tank configuration. This study focuses on this storage configuration and proposes a mathematical model for the thermal losses in these tanks, both at nominal conditions and during transients. With this model at its core, a computational tool for thermal performance analysis in OpenModelica is developed. This dynamic thermal model includes the estimation of local heat loss due to assembly defects, which are heat flows that cannot be determined by theoretical modelling. The development of a semi-empirical correlation for estimating local heat loss is also presented. Simulation results showed that this local heat loss may represent a share about 40% of the total heat loss in a small-scale tank. A comparison of the characteristics of the model proposed in a previous work is also presented to establish the innovation of the model. Two thermal storage systems with different tank designs and sizes were simulated to compare the results using the present model with data available in the literature. Results show good agreement in transient thermal behaviour of heat flows, temperatures, and cooling rates when compared with data from other authors for the same tank. This project was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under No. 838311 (CSP plus). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREiA (2021 SGR 01615). GREiA is a certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2021-123511OB-C31 - MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, EU, TED2021-132216A-I00 and RED2022-134219-T). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositori Obert UdLarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: PISELLI, CRISTINA; Saffari, Mohammad; de Gracia, Alvaro; PISELLO, ANNA LAURA; +2 Authors

    Abstract Cool roofs have been widely proved to represent an effective strategy for building thermal-energy performance improvement during the cooling season. However, their effectiveness along the whole year can be affected by building features and other boundary conditions. The present work aims at assessing the energy performance of high solar reflectance roof solutions in different climate zones, when implemented in a variety of building typologies. Therefore, an optimization study was carried out to select the optimum roof solar reflectance able to minimize building annual HVAC energy consumption. In this work, Italian climate zones were considered as case study conditions. The analysis was performed through dynamic simulation of validated standard ASHRAE building reference models. Moreover, the role of (i) type of HVAC system operating, (ii) presence and intensity of internal gains, and (iii) roof thermal insulation level was evaluated on the resulting optimum roof reflectance capability. Results show that the optimum roof solar reflectance varies under different climate conditions, mainly depending on heating or cooling dominated conditions. However, all further analyzed boundary conditions, i.e. building typology, HVAC system, internal gains, and roof insulation level, affect building energy performance and, therefore, the optimum roof reflectance identification. In the hottest climate, the optimum roof solar reflectance resulted to be consistently equal to the maximum considered, i.e. 0.8, also with varying the other parameters. Moreover, the annual HVAC energy need is more sensitive to roof reflectance in the apartment building, showing 17% of energy savings with standard model characteristics. On the other hand, in heating dominated climates, the optimum roof solar reflectance is more variable, ranging over all the considered values, because it is affected by the additional boundary conditions. On the contrary, the variability of HVAC need due to roof solar reflectance variation is generally lower.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Flore (Florence Rese...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
    Article
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Sygma
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