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石墨烯独特的单原子层结构赋予其丰富而奇特的物理化学性质，使其在纳米电子器件，化学电源，太阳能电池，电子显示器，热/电传导器件和功能性复合材料中具有广泛的应用。 本文围绕石墨烯及其功能化复合材料，并对其在储能器件中的应用开展研究。主要内容如下： 1.研究提出了大批量制备氧化石墨烯（GO）的新方法。通过对Hummers法的研究和改进，使用膨胀石墨取代常用的鳞片石墨材料进行氧化剥离，提高了单层GO的剥离效率和产量，简化了反应步骤，缩短了反应时间，可直接剥离得到单层GO，无需经过超声剥离即可用于下一步复合材料的制备合成，为大量制备单层GO并用于复合材料的合成打下基础。 2.采用原位方法制备了基于. ; Since the first preparation of graphene in 2004, the single atom layer structure endows graphene with particular physical and chemical properties, and it has wide applications in nanoscal electronic devices, batteries, solar cells, electronic display, thermal/electric conduction devices and functional composite materials. In this paper, we focused on graphene oxide and its functional composites, . ; 学位：理学博士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院_化学 ; 学号：20520100153674

在全球化石能源枯竭和气候变暖的背景下，每个国家必须肩负起节能减排的历史责任和使命。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，其能源消耗量和碳排放量一直居于世界前列。为了适应国际社会和自身经济发展的现实需求，应对能源资源日益紧缺、环境问题愈发凸显的严峻形势，有效实施节能降耗和提高能源效率的国家战略势在必行。传统上，理论界与政策研究领域对于能源环境治理的研究主要集中在高污染高耗能行业，如钢铁、石油化工等。随着新一轮应对气候变化公约的达成，节能减排政策的部署与落实需要更广泛的合作与更深层次的行业动员。本文选择国民经济的支柱产业-纺织业作为研究对象，促使研究视角从高污染高耗能行业逐步向全行业口径覆盖，具有重要的. ; In the context of global fossil energy depletion and climate warming, each country must shoulder its historical responsibility and take part in the mission to conserve energy and reduce emissions. With China being the largest developing country in the world, its energy consumption and carbon emissions have been at the global forefront. To meet both the needs of the international community and Chin. ; 学位：经济学博士 ; 院系专业：能源学院_能源经济学 ; 学号：32420130154021

LED将在本世纪全球范围内快速发展成为主流照明光源。LED是冷光源,热量不能以红外线的形式辐射出来,而聚集在灯具内,可以利用这个特性很好地利用LED灯具热量。提出采用热泵技术与LED相结合进行光热的同时综合利用,这样LED消耗的电能将充分被利用。同时以高杆灯为实例进行了相关实验,分析了冷却水流量和LED灯具功率等参数对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明：与热泵相结合后,大功率LED灯具能够起到很好的节能效果,能源得以充分利用,为后续的产品开发起到指导作用。

能源是一个国家或地区经济发展至关重要的物质基础。我国一直是能源消费大国，但我国能源消费模式却是“高耗能低产出”的，并且日益严重的雾霾等环境污染问题也引起了社会的广泛关注。因此，在保持经济健康、稳定地发展的前提下，减少能源消耗污染物排放，继续坚持走可持续发展之路是当务之急。基于国家对能源问题的高度重视，研究我国能源消费水平对我国实现经济健康可持续发展具有深远的现实意义。 本文对我国能源消费水平的空间差异进行研究分析，研究能源消费的主要影响因素及其反应程度分析，并分别对未来五年我国各地区能源消费进行预测。研究的内容总结如下： 第一，分析了我国能源消费总体空间差异及地区分解。首先对我国能源消费概. ; Energy is an important material foundation of national economic development, energy consumption and economic development are both closely related and mutually dependent. China has always been a big energy consuming country, and the energy consumption pattern of "high energy consumption, low output" has made China in a disadvantaged international position for a long time. Therefore, in the premise . ; 学位：应用统计硕士 ; 院系专业：经济学院_应用统计硕士 ; 学号：15420141151991

能源不仅是一种基本的经济投入,也正在逐渐成为具有权利特征的政治要素。当前东亚能源安全形势日益严峻,能源需求的激增和对中东石油依赖的增强并存,运输线路比较单一,而最严重的问题是缺乏一项共同的能源安全政策。解决当前问题的关键在于区域合作,尽管东亚能源方面的合作已经取得一定进展,不过仍处于初级阶段。东亚国家应以战略性眼光积极促进能源合作,建立某种形式的能源共同体。 ; Not only is energy an elementary investment on economy but it is gradually a political factor with features of power.At present,the situation of East Asia's energy security is so urgent that problems are(related) to the following aspects: the existence of a great demand of energy and the increasing dependance for oil in the Middle East,the lack of transportation and the deficiency of the energy security policy which is the most serious one.The improvement has been made on the East Asia's energy cooperation but it stays at the initial stage so the regional cooperation can be considered as the key approaches to this problem.In the(strategic) viewpoint,countries in the East Asia should try their best to promote the regional cooperation and(establish) a certain kind of energy community.

应用电化学循环伏安法和原位表面增强拉曼光谱研究了乙醇在Pt-Ru电极上的解离吸附与氧化行为,首次获得了酸性介质中乙醇在Pt-Ru电极上解离吸附的表面拉曼光谱.实验表明:乙醇在粗糙铂和Pt-Ru电极上均能自发地解离出强吸附中间体CO,而且在Pt-Ru电极上,强吸附中间体CO氧化的过电位比在粗糙铂电极上降低了约140mV.初步证实酸性介质中乙醇在Pt-Ru电极上的氧化遵从双途径机理.本研究结果说明,表面增强拉曼光谱技术能拓展到有实用价值的电催化体系. ; The behaviors of dissociative adsorption of ethanol on roughened platinum-ruthenium electrode with high activity of SERS were studied by using cyclic voltammetry and in-situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectra of dissociative adsorption of ethanol on Pt electrode in acid was obtained for the first time. It is shown that the Pt-Ru could lower the over-potential of CO oxidation when compared to Pt electrode. The results show that the ethanol in acid medium can be self-dissociated at Pt-Ru electrode to produce CO, which discourage the further oxidation of ethanol, some information of Pt-C and Pt-C-Pt stretching vibration from linearly adsorbed and bridged-adsorbed CO located in low frequency were examined respectively. Based on the data from in-situ SERS, it was proved that the oxidation of ethanol was processed via the parallel mechanism in this paper. SERS would be also extended to the electro-catalytic systems. ; 作者联系地址：江西师范大学化学化工学院,江西师范大学化学化工学院,江西师范大学化学化工学院,江西师范大学化学化工学院,江西师范大学化学化工学院,江西师范大学化学化工学院,固体表面国家重点实验室,固体表面国家重点实验室 江西南昌330027 ,江西南昌330027 ,江西南昌330027 ,江西南昌330027 ,江西南昌330027 ,江西南昌330027 ,厦门大学化学系福建厦门361005 ,厦门大学化学系福建厦门361005 ; Author's Address: 1, ZHOU Hai-hui~1, WEN Zu-biao~1, ZHONG Qi-ling~*1, HUANG Peng~1, YANG Xiong-yuan~1,REN Bin~2,TIAN Zhong-qun~2 1. Department of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330027,China,2. State Key Labortatory for Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005,China

【中文摘要】 给出了一种应用于太阳能系列产品的新型人体红外信号探测系统的研制方法,该方法将探测到的人体红外信号进行滤波放大后驱动相应负载工作,同时利用自行研制的芯片IV0201取代LM324组成滤波放大电路并加入IV0103、IV0104两颗智能型电源管理芯片,从而使该系统成功的用在太阳能系列产品,并可满足低成本、高可靠性、低功耗等要求。 【英文摘要】 A method is proposed for developing an innovative infrared human signal detection system applied in solar energy products.It can detect human infrared signals and enlarge them to drive the load efficiently with an infrared signal filter.By the use of a self-developed chip IV0202 to replace LM324,a new amplified-filter circuit is formed and two intelligent power management chips IV0103 and IV0104 are included in the circuit so as to apply the system to solar energy products to satisfy the requirements for lo. ; 福建省重大科技项目资助(2006H0092)

本文以大豆油酯交换反应为研究对象，系统地研究了氧化钙系列固体碱在生物柴油合成中的催化作用。在改善催化剂性能方面，优选最佳的催化剂前体方式和负载量，并考察了催化剂的重复使用性能以及影响重复使用性能的因素。 在酯交换工艺改进上详细考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、原料酸价、醇油比、乳化技术应用和共溶剂等多种因素的影响，最终得出最佳工艺组合。 结合XRD、RAMAN、BET、SEM、TG、CO2-TPD等分析手段，考察了氧化钙系列固体碱的催化活性和晶型、比表面积、热稳定性及碱性强度之间的关系，揭示出氧化钙系列固体碱的酯交换活性机理和空气毒化的成因。 最后将固体酸、碱催化两步法进行联用。测试. ; The catalytic performances of calcium oxides in the transesterification reaction of methanol and refined soybean oil have been evaluated in this study. The species of precursors and the loading amount of solid base catalysts were studied to obtain the best catalytic activity and reusability. The transesterification reaction parameters were investigated to assess the best FAME yield, including . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理) ; 学号：19120051301869

综述了国内外采用萃取技术分离生物油的研究进展,包括水萃取、有机溶剂萃取、络合萃取、超临界萃取、柱层析萃取等,总结了这些萃取方法的优点和缺点。指出可通过对生物质热解过程本身进行改进,如对原料进行预处理、引入催化剂进行催化热解、对热解蒸汽进行分级冷凝等,以获得富含目的产物组成的生物油,为萃取分离提供便利。最后,建议尝试一些新的萃取分离方法,如微波萃取和超声波萃取等,考察对生物油萃取分离的有效性。 ; The recent progress in separation of bio-oils by extraction worldwide was reviewed,and specifically,the extraction with water,extraction with organic solvents,reactive extraction,supercritical extraction,and extraction-column chromatography were discussed.The advantages and drawbacks of aforementioned extraction methods were summarized.Improvements in biomass fast pyrolysis itself,such as pre-treatment of feedstocks,pryolysis with catalysts,or multi-stage condensation of pyrolysis-vapor should be attempted to obtain bio-oils rich in target components to facilitate separation of bio-oils by extraction.New extraction methods,such as microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction may be investigated to examine their effectiveness for bio-oils separation.

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)催化电极材料的制备方法是当今能源科学研究的热点之一。其中,嵌段共聚物自组装技术因操作简单和结构可控而倍受关注。本文以PS-b-P4VP嵌段共聚物自组装形成的有机纳米膜结构为模版,探讨了铂(Pt)纳米阵列的制备,并测试了其催化效率。结果表明,本方法制备的Pt阵列均匀有序,电化学活性面积为131.97 m^2/g,而Pt消耗仅为商业化标准的6%左右,从而在保持催化活性的同时,提高了Pt的利用率和催化效率。