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La contaminación ambiental se ha convertido en motivo de preocupación en todo el mundo con el aumento de la urbanización, el transporte, la industrialización y varios otros factores. Por lo tanto, el investigador ha diseñado este estudio para investigar el impacto de la urbanización, el gasto en I + D en investigación y desarrollo, el desarrollo de infraestructuras y los ingresos reales en la emisión de dióxido de carbono en los países asiáticos. El proceso de recopilación de datos involucró a seis países asiáticos desde 1997 hasta finales de 2019. Las herramientas y técnicas de estimación y análisis de datos del panel se aplicaron en el datos recopilados y se obtuvieron los resultados. Los resultados de la estimación de regresión sugieren que, según el estimador MG, todas las variables tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2, pero el desarrollo de la infraestructura tiene un impacto insignificante. En el caso de FMOLS, nuevamente todas las variables tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2, pero el desarrollo de la infraestructura tiene un impacto insignificante. Sin embargo, en el caso de DOLS, todas las variables han mostrado un impacto significativo en las emisiones de CO 2. En el último, el estimador DK indica que la urbanización, el ingreso real y la densidad de población tienen un impacto significativo y positivo en las emisiones de CO 2 pero el gasto en I + D y el desarrollo de infraestructuras tienen un impacto insignificante. De esta manera, se estimaron los impactos de todas las variables independientes y de control sobre las emisiones de CO 2. La pollution de l'environnement est devenue un sujet de préoccupation dans le monde entier avec l'augmentation de l'urbanisation, des transports, de l'industrialisation et de plusieurs autres facteurs.Le chercheur a donc conçu cette étude pour étudier l'impact de l'urbanisation, des dépenses de recherche et développement, du développement des infrastructures et des revenus réels sur les émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays asiatiques.Le processus de collecte de données a impliqué six pays asiatiques de 1997 à fin 2019.Les outils et techniques d'estimation et d'analyse des données du panel ont été appliqués sur le les données collectées et les résultats ont été obtenus.Les résultats de l'estimation de la régression suggèrent que, selon l'estimateur MG, toutes les variables ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2, mais le développement de l'infrastructure a un impact insignifiant.Dans le cas de la FMOLS, encore une fois, toutes les variables ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2, mais le développement de l'infrastructure a un impact insignifiant.Toutefois, dans le cas de la DOLS, toutes les variables ont montré un impact significatif sur les émissions de CO 2.Dans le dernier, l'estimateur DK indique que l'urbanisation, le revenu réel et la densité de population ont un impact significatif et positif sur les émissions de CO 2 mais les dépenses de R&D et le développement des infrastructures ont un impact insignifiant. De cette façon, les impacts de toutes les variables indépendantes et de contrôle sur les émissions de CO 2 ont été estimés. Environmental pollution has become the matter of concern all over the world with the increase in urbanization, transport, industrialization and several other factors.The researcher has therefore designed this study to investigate the impact of urbanization, research and development R&D expenditure, infrastructure development and real income on the emission of carbon dioxide in Asian countries.The data collection process involved six Asian countries from 1997 and ending 2019.The panel data estimation and analysis tools and techniques were applied on the collected data and the results were obtained.The results of regression estimation suggest that as per MG estimator, all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact.In case of FMOLS, again all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact.However, in case of DOLS, all the variables have shown significant impact on CO 2 emission.In the last, DK estimator indicates that urbanization, real income and population density have significant and positive impact on CO 2 emission but R&D expenditure and infrastructure development has insignificant impact.In this way, the impacts of all independent and control variables on CO 2 emission were estimated. أصبح التلوث البيئي مصدر قلق في جميع أنحاء العالم مع زيادة التحضر والنقل والتصنيع والعديد من العوامل الأخرى. لذلك صمم الباحث هذه الدراسة للتحقيق في تأثير التحضر والبحث والتطوير والإنفاق على البحث والتطوير وتطوير البنية التحتية والدخل الحقيقي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في البلدان الآسيوية. وشملت عملية جمع البيانات ستة بلدان آسيوية من عام 1997 وحتى نهاية عام 2019. تم تطبيق أدوات وتقنيات تقدير وتحليل بيانات اللوحة على تم الحصول على البيانات التي تم جمعها والنتائج. تشير نتائج تقدير الانحدار إلى أنه وفقًا لتقدير MG، فإن جميع المتغيرات لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ولكن تطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. في حالة FMOLS، مرة أخرى جميع المتغيرات لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون ولكن تطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. ومع ذلك، في حالة DOLS، أظهرت جميع المتغيرات تأثيرًا كبيرًا على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون. في الأخير، يشير مقدر DK إلى أن التحضر والدخل الحقيقي والكثافة السكانية لها تأثير كبير وإيجابي على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون لكن الإنفاق على البحث والتطوير وتطوير البنية التحتية له تأثير ضئيل. وبهذه الطريقة، تم تقدير تأثيرات جميع المتغيرات المستقلة والتحكم على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون.

The association between resource rents and economic growth is one of the key issues that have attracted the attention of both policymakers and scholars. Several attempts have been made regarding the association, yet the literature holds the gap. The present research intends to explore the connection between natural resource volatility and economic performance in seven (G-7) countries. For the time frame from1990 to 2020, this study also examines the role of technological innovation (TI), human capital (HCI), and research and development budget for renewable energy (RER&D). Empirical results asserted that the variables under study are cointegrated. Employing a novel non-parametric panel quantile method of moments regression and quantile-on-quantile, the outcomes propose that natural resources volatility significantly affects EP throughout the quantiles. This negative impact is valid for the aggregate panel of countries and cross-sections. Natural resource volatility supports the resource curse hypothesis for G7 economies. On the other hand, HCI and TI are significant economic performance factors. From lower to higher quantiles, the magnitude and significance levels increase. The variable for cleaner energy investment is also positively related to economic performance yet insignificant in the higher quantile. The study recommends channeling natural resource rents to effectively and fully transfer the full potential of natural resources to other real sectors of the economy to fully utilize the benefit from it.

The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a range of forest, agricultural, and urban systems worldwide. These are referred to as (Ecoregion × Plant System), i.e., selected case examples involving keystone plants in given parts of the world. The GPHA focuses on infectious plant diseases and plant pathogens, but encompasses the abiotic (e.g., temperature, drought, and floods) and other biotic (e.g., animal pests and humans) factors associated with plant health. Among the 33 (Ecoregion × Plant System) considered, 18 are assessed as in fair or poor health, and 20 as in declining health. Much of the observed state of plant health and its trends are driven by a combination of forces, including climate change, species invasions, and human management. Healthy plants ensure (i) provisioning (food, fiber, and material), (ii) regulation (climate, atmosphere, water, and soils), and (iii) cultural (recreation, inspiration, and spiritual) ecosystem services. All these roles that plants play are threatened by plant diseases. Nearly none of these three ecosystem services are assessed as improving. Results indicate that the poor state of plant health in sub-Saharan Africa gravely contributes to food insecurity and environmental degradation. Results further call for the need to improve crop health to ensure food security in the most populated parts of the world, such as in South Asia, where the poorest of the poor, the landless farmers, are at the greatest risk. The overview of results generated from this work identifies directions for future research to be championed by a new generation of scientists and revived public extension services. Breakthroughs from science are needed to (i) gather more data on plant health and its consequences, (ii) identify collective actions to manage plant systems, (iii) exploit the phytobiome diversity in breeding programs, (iv) breed for plant genotypes with resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, and (v) design and implement plant systems involving the diversity required to ensure their adaptation to current and growing challenges, including climate change and pathogen invasions.

In light of the economic volatility and the environmentally conscious state, academics must pay close attention to the issue of sustainable development. Therefore, this research analyzes how social responsibility, corporate governance, and ecological innovation have affected the Chinese coal industry’s sustainable development. This study investigates the moderating role of environmental ethics among the nexus of social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities, and sustainable development due to its growing importance for sustainability in the coal industry in China. The study used survey questionnaires to collect primary data from the coal industry employees. The research has applied the structural equation model to examine the association among the variables and test the hypotheses through Smart PLS software. The results revealed that social and environmental responsibilities and ecological innovation have a positive while corporate governance has a negative association with the sustainable development of the coal industry in China. The findings also revealed that environmental ethics significantly moderate among social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities, and sustainable development of the coal industry in China. This study guides policymakers in establishing policies related to sustainable development by improving their social and environmental-related responsibilities and adopting ecological innovation.

Energy consumption has become a requirement in the modern world, and without it, the economies of developing nations cannot prosper. Consistent economic growth is a challenge for countries of all economic levels, not just the less developed ones. We test the EKC hypothesis by analyzing the relationships between GDP growth, energy consumption, agricultural output, and the consequences of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. From 1991 to 2016, we used panel and quantile regression analysis to compare emissions in nine developing countries with those in 13 developed countries. There is the beginning of a reverse U-shaped relationship between agricultural energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, the verified EKC hypothesis paves the way for a watershed moment in the progress of industrialized nations’ economies. As an added bonus, agricultural results have a positive impact on CO2 emissions from using liquid fuels. It has a negative impact on CO2 emissions by 19.12% and causes a 4.802 percent increase in environmental degradation. Feed cropping, deforestation, biomass burning, and deep soil and cropping also have negative effects on the environment, especially in developing countries. There is a negative correlation between CO2 emissions and economic growth in developing countries and their energy consumption. Although the EKC hypothesis for CO2 emissions was rejected at lower quantiles, it was validated for Qatar, Canada, China, and other high-emitting economies according to the empirical estimation of quantile regression. The findings of this study have important policy implications for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, suggesting that policymakers account for the stage of economic growth currently being experienced when formulating measures to cut energy use and protect the environment. In particular, policies aimed at reducing energy consumption could.

This study examines the trends in environmental sustainability and human well-being through green technologies, clean energy, and environmental taxes using panel data for the top eight advanced economies from 1990 to 2018. The study applies an advanced panel technique, cross-sectionally augmented distributed lags (CS-ARDL), to find long-run and short-run associations between these variables. Moreover, the role of foreign investment is added as a control variable. The CS-ARDL estimation confirms the productive impact of green technologies on environmental and human well-being, providing that it helps to reduce haze pollution while promoting human development. Moreover, clean energy and environmental taxes contribute toa sustainable environment and human development. Moreover, foreign investment is a direct source of haze pollution because of more industrialization and economic activities. The study finally recommends strengthening the promotion of green technology and clean energy to achieve both environmental and human well-being in the long run.

AbstractMostly agricultural product have high moisture content that can attract microorganism to grow on the product and occurs metabolic activity which can decreased the quality of the agricultural product. In order to prevent it, preservation the product by drying process is needed. On this research, drying heat pumps were built and tested at the Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Research Center (SERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Heat Pump drying chamber has length, width and height of 100 cm x 80 cm x75 cm. By having one chilli rack with the length and width of the rack was 40 cm x 40 cm, with a volume of drying space. The research was tested to reduce the red chilli water content from 80% into 5% with heat pump dryer takes 30 hours 50 minutes long. The inlet area of the drying room was 94 cm x 10 cm for the inlet of 6 cm x 6 cm. The heat pump working fluid itself uses refrigerants, here are the types of refrigerants such as R22, R410A, R11, R12, R32, and so on. R32 is a new refrigerant that more environmentally friendly and more efficient at conveying heat than others refrigerants. This heat pump system for drying chilli can be used for various agricultural products and can be applied for industrial products.