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AbstractThere is close relationship between science & technology inputs and economic growth. Based on the data of science & technology input and economic growth, the paper makes the econometric models analysis on the economic growth and science & technology input of the three major coastal economic regions of China. The paper analyzes and compares the contribution rate of science & technology inputs to economic growth of the three major economic regions.

Abstract One characteristic of railway stations in China is that the entrance hall, ticket office, integrated waiting hall and auxiliary space are all concentrated in a large span of space, forming a unified whole space. However, the multi-function fusion in such a large space results in a series of acoustic problems, such as long reverberation time, high environmental noise and poor language articulation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the acoustic environment of railway stations in China. In this study, the sound field characteristics of the typical railway station are studied to reveal its law of sound propagation. Next, subjective evaluation and objective experiments are carried out to study the acoustic environment and comfort in the waiting hall. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of various influential factors, such as sound source and sound field, this paper advances some suggestions for the acoustical design of high-speed railway stations.

Abstract Nowadays the global demand for energy is growing rapidly in China, which will be the world’s largest country of energy consumption, it is thus highly urgent to conduct the research and development of efficient renewable wave energy equipment, e.g. wave energy converter (WEC). So, this paper aims to numerically develop a new WEC suitable for wave conditions in Zhoushan sea area. The specific research contents include the following aspects: (1) theoretic design by using the floating pendulum to capture the wave energy; (2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation which is based on 3-Dimensional unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Storkes (RANS) equations to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of floating pendulor capturing wave energy. The initial design has been optimized to find the parameters of swing device floating in different output loads of energy capture, and to recognize the conditions of the device for subsequent energy conversion system design.

Abstract The permeability of the porous media is a critical parameter that could determine the technical and economical feasibility of gas recovery from natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The developed one-dimensional apparatus could be used to measure the permeability of the porous media with or without hydrate. Stable fluid flow rate and differential pressure could be obtained under certain system pressure and temperature. The densities, the grain size distributions, the volume weighted mean diameters and the specific surface areas of different quartz sands. Based on the Darcy’s Law, the water permeability was measured under stable state. The experimental results indicated that the absolute permeability of quartz sand without hydrate was 52.32, 35.52 and 21.10 Darcies. Some of the parameters in the Kozeny-Carman equation, such as the porosity, the internal pore surface area and the total pore volume were measured directly in the laboratory. The shape factor, which was significantly sensitive to the characteristics of the porous media, was evaluated using the statistic methods. Mathematical calculation steps of the shape factor were introduced, during which there was only one adjustable parameter which represented the roughness of the surface of the porous media. This method could be used to investigate the permeability of the porous media in the presence of natural gas hydrate, which is in solid phase. The measurements of the density, the grain size distribution and the specific surface area of the hydrate-bearing quartz sands should under high pressure and low temperature conditions, which are favorable for stable hydrate existence.

Abstract This study presented an experimental investigation on heat transfer performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with and without circular fins. Particular attention has been paid to the effect of injection flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF) on the thermal performance of the heat exchanger. A purposely-designed apparatus was built for experimental observation. Results showed that the application of fins had a great effect on improving phase change heat transfer and the full charging time was significantly reduced. Injection flow rate of HTF was found to have little influence upon the performance of the heat exchanger.

AbstractInternational electricity trade disputes can arise at three key levels: state to state; investor to state; private party to private party. Parties may be more open to submission of their disputes to international arbitration. However, they should make proper arbitration options according to the types of disputes. At the same time, considering the risks facing dispute resolution, it is imperative to specifically design effective tools to mitigate these risks.

AbstractThis paper examines the impacts of market uncertainties on Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) policies by suing a Markov decision process model. Four market uncertain factors have been considered including oil price, disruption probability, and disruption magnitude and disruption duration. A representative numerical case is employed to validate the practicality of our model. The proposed method and case study contribute to support China SPR decision making in three aspects: (1) with given information of. oil price and disruption probability, the model finds optimal SPR size for China; (2) in normal state, the model helps to decide oil acquisition amount based on current SPR size and market condition; (3) in disruption state, the model can help to find optimal SPR drawdown and refilling size by putting in disruption magnitude and duration.

Abstract The security of smart substation encrypted messages rests with the security of cryptosystems. The security of cryptosystems depends on the protection of keys. It can ensure the security of cryptographic systems and messages by ensuring that no keys are compromised. The key security problem is the key to modern information security in cryptography, and it is also a problem that smart substation information security solutions must solve. Therefore, a secure and reliable key management module is used to ensure that keys are securely and efficiently shared among authorized parties, the security of cryptographic systems and messages, and it is particularly important to meet the requirements for real-time, availability, and confidentiality of smart substations.