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随着人类长期无节制地使用化石燃料，地球历经亿万年累积下来的石油、天然气和煤炭正日益走向枯竭。与此同时，由其引发的全球气候变暖加剧，使得研发可持续利用的清洁能源受到广泛的关注。微藻，作为第三代制备生物柴油的原料，以其生长周期短、脂类含量高、可固定二氧化碳、土地需求量少等突出的优势进入了科学家的视野。 硅藻作为一类单细胞真核藻类，其生产力占海洋初级生产力近40%，固定的二氧化碳量可达到世界上所有热带雨林量的总和。硅藻生境广泛，物种多样性丰富，培养形式多样，且以生物柴油制备的首选原料——中性脂为其能量储存的主要形式，加之硅藻壳还可作为高价值材料用于制作半导体、生物传感器、太阳能电池等。因此硅藻作为. ; Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel and the global warming problems, clean and renewable energy is imminently demanded. As the third-generation biofuel feedstocks, microalgae have got more and more attention because of their shorter growth period, carbon dioxide fixation and no competition with arable land. Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae which can fix carbon dioxide vi. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：生命科学学院_水生生物学 ; 学号：21620101152364

随着人类长期无节制地使用化石燃料，地球历经亿万年累积下来的石油、天然气和煤炭正日益走向枯竭。与此同时，由其引发的全球气候变暖加剧，使得研发可持续利用的清洁能源受到广泛的关注。微藻，作为第三代制备生物柴油的原料，以其生长周期短、脂类含量高、可固定二氧化碳、土地需求量少等突出的优势进入了科学家的视野。 硅藻作为一类单细胞真核藻类，其生产力占海洋初级生产力近40%，固定的二氧化碳量可达到世界上所有热带雨林量的总和。硅藻生境广泛，物种多样性丰富，培养形式多样，且以生物柴油制备的首选原料——中性脂为其能量储存的主要形式，加之硅藻壳还可作为高价值材料用于制作半导体、生物传感器、太阳能电池等。因此硅藻作为. ; Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuel and the global warming problems, clean and renewable energy is imminently demanded. As the third-generation biofuel feedstocks, microalgae have got more and more attention because of their shorter growth period, carbon dioxide fixation and no competition with arable land. Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae which can fix carbon dioxide vi. ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：生命科学学院_水生生物学 ; 学号：21620101152364

义马煤业集团股份有限公司（以下称义煤集团）的主要业务板块包括煤炭、化工等，其中，煤炭板块是义煤集团的核心业务板块，对整个集团的发展具有举足轻重的作用。义煤集团在河南境内的煤炭生产集中在西部的义马矿区和东部的洛阳矿区共两个矿区。西部的义马矿区现有13对生产矿井，其中10对生产矿井通有准轨铁路专用线，与国铁5个车站接轨。义煤集团位于洛阳的东部矿区共9对矿井，规划年产能843万吨，无配套铁路专用线的矿井，加上河南省煤炭资源整合后在东部矿区又整合了数十对小煤矿，也都没有铁路专用线。这些小煤矿复工复产后，其煤炭销售和运输将成为制约企业发展的瓶颈。 河南国能黄河物流有限公司（以下称黄河物流），位于新安县. ; The main business of Yima Coal Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter refers to as Yima Coal Group ) covers coal, chemical industry etc., of which coal is its core business and plays a prominent role in the development of the whole group. Coal production of Yima Coal Group in Henan concentrates on two mining areas of western Yiam mining area and eastern Luoyang mining area. Western Yima mining area has 13 c. ; 学位：工商管理硕士 ; 院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(高级管理人员工商管理硕士) ; 学号：X2012156186

义马煤业集团股份有限公司（以下称义煤集团）的主要业务板块包括煤炭、化工等，其中，煤炭板块是义煤集团的核心业务板块，对整个集团的发展具有举足轻重的作用。义煤集团在河南境内的煤炭生产集中在西部的义马矿区和东部的洛阳矿区共两个矿区。西部的义马矿区现有13对生产矿井，其中10对生产矿井通有准轨铁路专用线，与国铁5个车站接轨。义煤集团位于洛阳的东部矿区共9对矿井，规划年产能843万吨，无配套铁路专用线的矿井，加上河南省煤炭资源整合后在东部矿区又整合了数十对小煤矿，也都没有铁路专用线。这些小煤矿复工复产后，其煤炭销售和运输将成为制约企业发展的瓶颈。 河南国能黄河物流有限公司（以下称黄河物流），位于新安县. ; The main business of Yima Coal Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter refers to as Yima Coal Group ) covers coal, chemical industry etc., of which coal is its core business and plays a prominent role in the development of the whole group. Coal production of Yima Coal Group in Henan concentrates on two mining areas of western Yiam mining area and eastern Luoyang mining area. Western Yima mining area has 13 c. ; 学位：工商管理硕士 ; 院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(高级管理人员工商管理硕士) ; 学号：X2012156186

在制定可再生能源电力价格时，必须考虑其特殊性。一方面，由于目前技术水平的限制，在不考虑化石能源的环境成本情况下，可再生能源发电（水电除外）成本基本上都高于常规能源。另一方面，更为重要的是，可再生能源的开发利用对资源和环境的影响远小于化石能源。在当今全球油价不断上扬、能源供应日趋紧张、环境恶化日益明显的今天，可再生能源作为对化石能源的替代，优势更加明显。在制定可再生能源的价格时，必须考虑其较高的发电成本和较低的环境代价。现阶段，我国发展可再生能源，必须借鉴国外发达国家各种成熟的定价政策，不同可再生能源技术在发展的不同阶段将选择不同的定价政策，或侧重于固定电价，或侧重于配额制，或侧重于竞价策略。研. ; China’s rapid economic growth and urbanization has been paralleled by rising energy consumption and resource depleting, and environmental problem and energy shortage have become critical issues in China. The important way to mitigate the energy and environmental problems is to utilize the renewable energy source (RES), including hydraulic power, wind power, biomass, solar heat and power, etc. Chin. ; 学位：博士后 ; 院系专业：经济学院中国能源经济研究中心_应用经济学 ; 学号：2009170025

在制定可再生能源电力价格时，必须考虑其特殊性。一方面，由于目前技术水平的限制，在不考虑化石能源的环境成本情况下，可再生能源发电（水电除外）成本基本上都高于常规能源。另一方面，更为重要的是，可再生能源的开发利用对资源和环境的影响远小于化石能源。在当今全球油价不断上扬、能源供应日趋紧张、环境恶化日益明显的今天，可再生能源作为对化石能源的替代，优势更加明显。在制定可再生能源的价格时，必须考虑其较高的发电成本和较低的环境代价。现阶段，我国发展可再生能源，必须借鉴国外发达国家各种成熟的定价政策，不同可再生能源技术在发展的不同阶段将选择不同的定价政策，或侧重于固定电价，或侧重于配额制，或侧重于竞价策略。研. ; China’s rapid economic growth and urbanization has been paralleled by rising energy consumption and resource depleting, and environmental problem and energy shortage have become critical issues in China. The important way to mitigate the energy and environmental problems is to utilize the renewable energy source (RES), including hydraulic power, wind power, biomass, solar heat and power, etc. Chin. ; 学位：博士后 ; 院系专业：经济学院中国能源经济研究中心_应用经济学 ; 学号：2009170025

催化氧还原反应的电催化剂是燃料电池的一个重要组成部分. 从分子尺度研究催化氧还原反应中所涉及的表界面反应机理，不仅有利于深入理解催化机理，更有利于指导人们合理地设计新型的电催化剂. 本文结合近年来国内外的研究工作，概述了通过扫描隧道显微镜研究燃料电池内部催化氧还原反应过程中所涉及的表面形貌变化、单分子结构变化、中间体的观测以及反应产物调控等方面最新进展，并展望了该研究领域的发展趋势. ; An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important component for fuel cells. An investigation at interfacial electrochemical reactions toward ORR at a molecular scale benefits mechanistic understanding as well as rational design of catalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions and to provide in-situ information about the interfacial electrochemical reactions at a molecular level. This review summarizes the recent STM studies in monitoring the interface processes such as morphological changes, molecular changes, reaction intermediates, and oxidation products. The prospects of future development in this field are outlined. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（21233010, 21373236, 21127901, 21573252）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 中国科学院化学研究所, 中国科学院分子纳米结构与纳米技术重点实验室, 北京 100190; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 ; Author's Address: 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：wangd@iccas.ac.cn; wanlijun@iccas.ac.cn

催化氧还原反应的电催化剂是燃料电池的一个重要组成部分. 从分子尺度研究催化氧还原反应中所涉及的表界面反应机理，不仅有利于深入理解催化机理，更有利于指导人们合理地设计新型的电催化剂. 本文结合近年来国内外的研究工作，概述了通过扫描隧道显微镜研究燃料电池内部催化氧还原反应过程中所涉及的表面形貌变化、单分子结构变化、中间体的观测以及反应产物调控等方面最新进展，并展望了该研究领域的发展趋势. ; An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important component for fuel cells. An investigation at interfacial electrochemical reactions toward ORR at a molecular scale benefits mechanistic understanding as well as rational design of catalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions and to provide in-situ information about the interfacial electrochemical reactions at a molecular level. This review summarizes the recent STM studies in monitoring the interface processes such as morphological changes, molecular changes, reaction intermediates, and oxidation products. The prospects of future development in this field are outlined. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（21233010, 21373236, 21127901, 21573252）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 中国科学院化学研究所, 中国科学院分子纳米结构与纳米技术重点实验室, 北京 100190; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 ; Author's Address: 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：wangd@iccas.ac.cn; wanlijun@iccas.ac.cn

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能，随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成，同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点，而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类，介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题，并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后，对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望. ; As an energy conversion device, fuel cells can efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy. With the developing of technology, it is used as a reactor to conduct the synthesis of high value-added chemicals while generating electrical energy. Having benefits such as mild reaction conditions, controllability of the reaction process, high selectivity of the product, as well as high efficiency of energy utilization, it is widely used in many fields such as preparation of high value-added industrial products, gas separation, water treatment, etc. This paper introduces the current trends and statuses of fuel cell reactors in the cogeneration of chemicals and electric energy according to the reduction reaction at the cathode and the oxidation reaction of the anode. The problems related to the fuel cell reactor are described, and possible solutions are discussed in terms of the catalyst research, process research and others. Finally, the research in several new fuel cell reactors is briefly introduced and its development is prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金（No. 21875138）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 上海交通大学化学工程系 上海电化学能源器件工程技术研究中心，上海 200240； 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; Author's Address: 1. Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center,National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; 通讯作者E-mail：zfma@sjtu.edu.cn

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能，随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成，同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点，而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类，介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题，并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后，对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望. ; As an energy conversion device, fuel cells can efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy. With the developing of technology, it is used as a reactor to conduct the synthesis of high value-added chemicals while generating electrical energy. Having benefits such as mild reaction conditions, controllability of the reaction process, high selectivity of the product, as well as high efficiency of energy utilization, it is widely used in many fields such as preparation of high value-added industrial products, gas separation, water treatment, etc. This paper introduces the current trends and statuses of fuel cell reactors in the cogeneration of chemicals and electric energy according to the reduction reaction at the cathode and the oxidation reaction of the anode. The problems related to the fuel cell reactor are described, and possible solutions are discussed in terms of the catalyst research, process research and others. Finally, the research in several new fuel cell reactors is briefly introduced and its development is prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金（No. 21875138）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 上海交通大学化学工程系 上海电化学能源器件工程技术研究中心，上海 200240； 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; Author's Address: 1. Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center,National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; 通讯作者E-mail：zfma@sjtu.edu.cn

三沙湾位于福建省东北部，由东冲半岛和鉴江半岛环抱而成，总面积为720.36km2。湾内港湾和岛屿众多，主要有官井洋、东吾洋、覆鼎洋、三都澳等。三沙湾水域面积广阔，水产资源非常丰富。但由于过度捕捞、水质污染以及围垦等海洋开发活动，湾内资源组成和结构遭到破坏，众多经济鱼类资源严重衰退。增殖放流作为补充渔业资源，修复生态环境的直接手段，通过向天然水体投放人工繁育的鱼、虾、蟹等苗种，以达到改善群体结构和生态系统结构，实现生态效益和经济效益的目的。如何筛选适宜的增殖放流物种，确定合理的增殖放流量，掌握放流相关技术并进行后续跟踪分析，是确保增殖放流有效的重要内容。本研究通过构建三沙湾Ecopath模型，从. ; Sanshan bay is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, which is surrounded by the Dongchong peninsula and Jianjiang peninsula. It has a total area of 720.36 km2. It has many harbors and islands which include GuanJingyang, Dongwuyang, Fudingyang, Sanduao. Sanshan bay has a vast water area and rich aquatic resources. But the composition and structure of Sanshan bay’s resources are destroyed by . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：环境与生态学院_生态学 ; 学号：33120141151679

三沙湾位于福建省东北部，由东冲半岛和鉴江半岛环抱而成，总面积为720.36km2。湾内港湾和岛屿众多，主要有官井洋、东吾洋、覆鼎洋、三都澳等。三沙湾水域面积广阔，水产资源非常丰富。但由于过度捕捞、水质污染以及围垦等海洋开发活动，湾内资源组成和结构遭到破坏，众多经济鱼类资源严重衰退。增殖放流作为补充渔业资源，修复生态环境的直接手段，通过向天然水体投放人工繁育的鱼、虾、蟹等苗种，以达到改善群体结构和生态系统结构，实现生态效益和经济效益的目的。如何筛选适宜的增殖放流物种，确定合理的增殖放流量，掌握放流相关技术并进行后续跟踪分析，是确保增殖放流有效的重要内容。本研究通过构建三沙湾Ecopath模型，从. ; Sanshan bay is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, which is surrounded by the Dongchong peninsula and Jianjiang peninsula. It has a total area of 720.36 km2. It has many harbors and islands which include GuanJingyang, Dongwuyang, Fudingyang, Sanduao. Sanshan bay has a vast water area and rich aquatic resources. But the composition and structure of Sanshan bay’s resources are destroyed by . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：环境与生态学院_生态学 ; 学号：33120141151679