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While studies have theoretically discussed the impact of carbon pricing on renewable energy, the practical implementation and effectiveness of these policies remain uncertain. This study empirically examines the role of carbon emissions trading and carbon tax in global renewable energy development using panel data from 196 countries and regions and employing the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model and Bacon decomposition method. The results suggest that: (1) From the perspective of policy shocks, carbon trading has increased non-hydro renewable electricity generation by 73.32%, while carbon tax has increased it by 31.79%. This indicates that the overall impact of carbon trading on renewable energy is greater than that of carbon tax. However, the elasticity coefficients of renewable energy to carbon trading prices and carbon tax rates are 0.1801 and 0.1845, respectively, suggesting a slightly greater marginal effect of carbon tax on renewable energy compared to carbon trading. (2) Both carbon tax and carbon trading have mitigated the growth of fossil electricity and encouraged public investment in renewable energy, thereby fostering its development. (3) The influence of carbon pricing on renewable energy varies by income level; notably, the implementation of these policies in high-income countries has diminished their promotional effect on renewable energy. (4) The contribution of technological innovation to renewable energy development is smaller than that of policies including carbon trading and carbon tax, indicating that renewable energy development during the sample period was predominantly driven by policy measures. The findings indicate that the application of carbon pricing policies should be further promoted to accelerate the energy mix transition.

Amid the urgent global imperatives concerning climate change and resource preservation, our research delves into the critical domains of waste management and environmental sustainability within the European Union (EU), collecting data from 1990 to 2022. The Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) results reveal a resounding commitment among EU member states to diminish their reliance on incineration, which is evident through adopting green technologies and environmentally conscious taxation policies, aligning with the European Union's sustainability objectives. However, this transition presents the intricate task of harmonizing industrial emissions management with efficient waste disposal. Tailoring waste management strategies to accommodate diverse consumption patterns and unique circumstances within individual member states becomes imperative. Cointegrating regressions highlighted the long-run relationship among the selected variables, while Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) estimates roughly confirmed MMQR results. ML analyses, conducted through two ensemble methods (Gradient Boosting, GB, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) shed light on the relative importance of the predictors: in particular, environmental taxation, consumption-based emissions, and production-based emissions greatly contribute to determining the variation of combustible renewables and waste. This study recommends that EU countries establish monitoring mechanisms to advance waste management and environmental sustainability through green technology adoption, enhance environmental taxation policies, and accelerate the renewable energy transition.

China has established a nationwide carbon quota trading market. Drawing upon international experiences and the strategic vision of the Chinese government, it is anticipated that China will soon incorporate a carbon tax system. The futurescape envisions a parallel progression of both the carbon market and the carbon tax system. This prompts an exploration into the circumstances where one should prioritize the carbon market system over the other, and vice versa. This paper constructs a repeated oligopoly game model to juxtapose equilibrium points under both carbon trading and tax regimes. Through rigorous analysis, it is discerned that under a duopoly with bounded rationality and inelastic pricing, if the carbon tax is set referencing the clearing price of the carbon market, then both the carbon trading and tax regimes can achieve identical emission reduction outcomes. Stemming from this revelation, for regions with established inelastic, oligopolistic carbon markets, it would be prudent to manage emission sources not included in the carbon market by setting a carbon tax in line with the market's clearing emission price. Furthermore, measures might be considered to dismantle such oligopolistic dominance to enhance emission reduction efficiency, or to transition from the carbon market to a tax regime for cost-efficient administration. For regions yet to embrace a carbon pricing mechanism, if there's an anticipation of forming an oligopolistic and inelastic carbon market, given the lower administrative costs, diminished enterprise operational risks, and broader coverage of the carbon tax regime, the region should gravitate towards the carbon tax system as a priority.

随着工业化革命的进程，人与自然间的关系变得紧张，水体污染、土地荒漠化、全球变暖等环境问题日益凸显。其中，气候变化问题已上升为国际政治经济问题，业已成为21世纪人类社会面临的最严峻的挑战之一。国际社会为应对该问题，于1992年通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》，致力于控制温室气体的排放，确保经济可持续发展。公约的缔约国于每年召开气候大会为全球减排提供指导思路和具体办法。《京都议定书》就是公约重要的补充条款，是目前球唯一具有法律约束力的国际温室气体减排协议。 公约规定了发达国家和发展中国家“共同而区别”的责任：发达国家应率先采取措施控制温室气体的排放，而发展中国家则没有相应义务。而开放经济下，发达. ; As the revolution of industrialization steps further, the relation between humans and nature becomes tense. Problems like water pollution, land desertification and global warming are popping up. Among them, climate change has become an internationally political and economic one, which is also one of the most severe challenges human society face in the 21 century. In order to cope with that knotty . ; 学位：经济学硕士 ; 院系专业：经济学院_国际贸易学 ; 学号：15720121151837

AbstractThis contribution introduces a novel carbon pricing system and illustrates its benefits. The system is based on two related but distinct ideas. First, we group the global pools of carbon into three aggregate pools, and we tax or credit human-caused carbon fluxes across the boundaries of the pools. Second, we base the tax or credit solely on physical movements of carbon between pools; hence, the system uses a physical baseline instead of a behavioral baseline based on the hypothetical emissions levels that would have arisen absent the carbon price. The proposed system goes beyond the limitations of current carbon pricing schemes for a number of reasons: it is designed to capture all positive and negative emissions based purely on their climate impact, allowing a broader scope and more appropriate incentives than current systems; it avoids creating bad incentives, particularly those caused by additionality requirements found in carbon offset systems; it captures the complexity of carbon movements through human and natural systems; it reduces measurement errors; and it provides transparent and easily observed price signals. Though this manuscript is conceptual in nature and refrains from discussing the technicalities related to the implementation of the proposed carbon pricing system, we trust that it may contribute to the development of policies enabling a net-zero and net-negative CO$$_{2}$$ 2 -emissions world.

We view the development of industries with various market competition levels as a dynamic process and investigate the game between a new entrant and the original market with variable market competition degrees under the premise of considering the entry and exit of companies in the industry. Based on this, we explore the prerequisites for the new firm to enter the initial market and construct a recursive formula for the optimal output of individual firms entering the market one at a time, as well as the conditions for the new firm to enter the market in the three scenarios of the original market being mixed strategy, low-carbon type, and traditional type, respectively, and the optimal decision-making behavior once entering the market. We create diversified carbon tax rates for various cost bands of low-carbon production patterns in order to modify the original traditional market and allow the new enterprise to enter the market using a low-carbon production strategy. We anticipate that our study will serve as a theoretical guide for accomplishing a low-carbon shift in production patterns.

全球变暖已经开始威胁到人类生存。二氧化碳作为温室气体之魁，首当其冲地成为众矢之的。如何有效地控制二氧化碳排放，“把大气中温室气体浓度稳定在防止气候系统受到威胁的人为干扰的水平上”，已经成为一个世界性的课题。自上世纪九十年代以来，多数发达国家开始采取各种经济手段，扭曲能源价格信号，利用市场机制来促使企业和消费者节能减排。其中最典型的两种财政手段分别是对配额管制下的碳交易制度和碳税制度。 中国一方面作为发展中国家，不必对全球温室效应承担历史责任；但另一方面，作为世界第一大碳排放国，中国又必须对世界范围节能减排的现在和未来负责。中国应该考虑在适当的时机推出各种节能减排政策，这其中当然也应该包括财政. ; Global warming has already threatened human existence. As the most famous greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is undoubtedly the target of public criticism. How to control carbon dioxide emission effectively, ‘to stablize the quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere under the standard that the climatic system should not be impacted artificially’, is becoming an international problem. Since 1990s,. ; 学位：经济学硕士 ; 院系专业：经济学院财政系_财政学(含税收学) ; 学号：15520071150086

碳税是目前国际上实现二氧化碳减排的有效价格工具。我国正在开展征收碳税的前期准备工作，这一方面是出于兑现减排的承诺，另一方面则是以此为契机调整传统的经济发展路径，实现更均衡和可持续的经济、环境、能源三方面关系。迄今为止，不少国内外学者采用CGE模型对中国征收碳税后对GDP和特定相关行业的影响进行了数量化的分析，并且提出了不少有益的建议。然而，国内缺乏关于碳税的系统性研究，所以本论文尝试着弥补这个缺陷。 本文从理论上探讨了碳税的经济学基础，以及相对于其它减排工具，碳税政策的优势和劣势；同时，借助开征碳税国家的实践经验来论证，针对本国的具体国情制定合适的税率和实施方式对于取得减排的目标具有重要的作. ; Carbon tax is recently an effective price tool used by the international community to realize the CO2 emission reduction. Now our country is waging the preparation for levying carbon tax. On the one side is to fulfill the CO2 emission reduction commitment, and on the other side is to, via this right opportunity, adjust the traditional economic development path, and achieve more balanced and sustai. ; 学位：经济学硕士 ; 院系专业：经济学院中国能源经济研究中心_能源经济学 ; 学号：31320081152256

在经历了三十余年经济的高速发展后，我国不仅成为全球第二大经济体，更是在2010年取代美国，成为世界上最大的二氧化碳排放国家，也越来越多地面临着来自国际和国内的二氧化碳减排压力。而开征碳税是一项控制二氧化碳排放的有效政策手段。一方面，能够缓解国内资源环境的压力，促进经济发展方式的转变，合理引导经济向低碳方向发展，另一方面，有助于完善我国的资源环境税制，利用税收杠杆解决环境保护与经济发展之间的矛盾。 而碳税的实施也会带来负面影响，如导致一个国家出口下降，贸易竞争力的恶化。出口是拉动国家经济增长的三驾马车之一。如果中国在气候变化问题上作出应对不当，将使得各个行业，特别是能源和碳密集行业在全球市场竞. ; After nearly thirty years of rapidly development, China has become the world second largest economy. But it also becomes the world largest source of carbon emission in the replacement of America in 2010. So it is facing the increasing pressure from international world with regard to reduce carbon emission. Carbon tax is a effective tool to contain the carbon emission. On the one hand, it can ease . ; 学位：国际商务硕士 ; 院系专业：经济学院_国际商务硕士 ; 学号：15720131151979

We investigate the classical single-period (newsvendor) problem under carbon emissions policies including the mandatory carbon emissions capacity, the carbon emissions tax, and the cap-and-trade system. Specifically, under each policy, we find a firm’s optimal production quantity and corresponding expected profit, and draw analytic managerial insights. We show that, in order to reduce carbon emissions by a certain percentage, the tax rate imposed on the high-margin firm should be less than that on the low-margin firm for the high-profit perishable products, whereas the high-margin firm should absorb a high tax than the low-margin firm for the low-profit products. Under the cap-and-trade policy, the emissions capacity should be set to a level such that the marginal profit of the firm is less than the carbon credit purchasing price. We also derive the specific (closed-form) conditions under which, as a result of implementing the cap-and-trade policy, the firm’s expected profit is increased and carbon emissions are reduced.