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AbstractThe West Nusa Tenggara (WNT) province is one of the regions that contribute the most to the production of rice, corn, and cacao. The residues of these crops increase as production increases. The potential availability of the residue was calculated on the basis of the amount of agricultural product and the availability of unutilized residues. The estimated potential energy and collected data were processed and combined with converted factors, such as the yield per hectare and the calorific value, taking into account another purpose, the use of domestic residues for animal feed. Paddy straw, corn straw, and corn cobs had the highest percentage of residue availabilities, 85.91%, 82.26%, and 88.25%, respectively. In addition, the WNT regency has a rich diversity of agricultural residues from superior commodities such as rice, corn, coffee, coconut and cacao. The calculation of the total heating value (THV) of the agricultural residue available reached up to 42.4 PJ. Furthermore, the use of biomass for bioenergy resources is promising, particularly for the WNT region, with the potential for unused agricultural residues. The dependence on unsustainable energy, such as coal and fossil fuel, can be reduced by deploying and developing energy production from biomass use. Therefore, the potential for bioenergy generation and the availability of biomass can be developed for sustainable agriculture and energy management.

The assessment of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants emitted to and removed from the atmosphere ranks high on international political and scientific agendas. Growing international concern and cooperation regarding the climate change problem have increased the need to consider the uncertainty in inventories of GHG emissions. The approaches to address uncertainty discussed in this special issue reflect attempts to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, system analytic perspective. They seek to strengthen the usefulness of national emission inventories under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. The papers in this special issue demonstrate the benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analyses. The issues raised by the authors and featured in their papers, along with the role that uncertainty analysis plays in many of their arguments, highlight the challenges and the importance of dealing with uncertainty. While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) clearly stresses the value of conducting uncertainty analyses and offers guidance on executing them, the arguments made here in favor of performing these studies go well beyond any suggestions made by the IPCC to date. Improving and conducting uncertainty analyses are needed to develop a clear understanding and informed policy. Uncertainty matters and is key to many issues related to inventorying and reducing emissions. Considering uncertainty helps to avoid situations that can create a false sense of certainty or lead to invalid views of subsystems. Dealing proactively with uncertainty allows for the generation of useful knowledge that the international community should have to hand while strengthening the 2015 Paris Agreement, which had been agreed at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, considering uncertainty does not come free. Proper treatment of uncertainty is demanding because it forces us to take the step from “simple to complex” and to grasp a holistic system view. Only, thereafter, can we consider potential simplifications. That is, comprehensive treatment of uncertainty does not necessarily offer quick or easy solutions for policymakers. This special issue brings together 13 papers that resulted from the 2015 (4th) International Workshop on Uncertainty in Atmospheric Emissions, in Cracow, Poland. While they deal with many different aspects of the uncertainty in emission estimates, they are guided by the same principal question: “What GHGs shall be verified at what spatio-temporal scale to support conducive legislation at local and national scales, while ensuring effective governance at the global scale?” This question is at the heart of mitigation and adaptation. It requires an understanding of the entire system of GHG sources and sinks, their spatial characteristics and the temporal scales at which they react and interact, the uncertainty (accuracy and/or precision) with which fluxes can be measured, and last but not least, the consequences that follow from all of the aforementioned aspects, for policy actors to frame compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting agreements. This bigger system context serves as a reference for the papers in the special issue, irrespective of their spatio-temporal focus, and is used as a guide for the reader.

The article presents analysis results in the reconstruction of the tectonic conditions dynamics for the formation of local plicative deformations and rupturing under conditions of the research both the macrostructure and its local separation using the example of the southwestern area of Kalmius-Toretska kettle-hole in the Donetsk basin. Authors applied the scientific cognition method, representing a sequence of actions to establish structural links between variables and constant elements of the Investigational tectonic system, based on statistical and mathematical methods of analysis. The characteristics of the anticlinal structure formation in the studied area - fields of the “Butivska” mine were obtained. It was revealed that the initial horizontal attitude of rocks of the studied area was changed by a monoclinal attitude with a north-western dip and a north-east strike. Afterwards, under the conditions of tectonic near latitudinal compression and near meridional tension, anticlinal folding was formed. Then, under the influence of shear fields when the deformation mode was enhanced, a compression duplex was formed within which local echelon folding and fracture was formed - Oktiabrskyi fault #1.

We report the spectroscopic characteristics and the laser performances of a low-doped 1% at. Yb:Sc(2)O(3) ceramic sample. Under end- pumping at 933 nm and 968 nm in quasi-CW mode, at 1040.5 nm the laser delivers a maximum output power of 4.3 W and 1.77 W, respectively with a corresponding slope efficiency of 74% and 80%, which are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported in literature for ceramics. We explored the tuning range of the sample, which spans from 1005 nm to 1050.5 nm, and finally we characterized the low losses tunable cavity at 1032 nm.

Forest ecosystems in Europe undergo cyclic fluctuations with alternating periods of forest prosperity and disturbances. Forest disturbances are caused by large-scale calamities (climate-induced and unforeseen events) resulting in an increased volume of salvage logging. In recent decades, climate change (warming, long-term droughts, more frequent storms, bark beetle outbreaks) has contributed to an increased frequency of salvage logging. However, until now, it has not been revealed what triggers national-scale forest calamities. All of the above-mentioned natural disturbances are connected to solar activity, which is the driver of climate change. This research relates the total volume of harvested timber and salvage logging to the climate and cosmic factors in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Data of total and salvage logging are compared with air temperatures, precipitation, extreme climatic events, sunspot areas, and cosmic ray intensities. The results document a significant effect of average annual temperatures on the total and salvage logging for the entire period of observations since 1961. A significant correlation of salvage logging to the sunspot area and cosmic ray intensity was observed. The link between salvage logging and sunspots and cosmic ray intensity is supported by spectral analysis in which a significant 11-year cycle was observed since 1973. The results also show an increasing significant effect of sunspots and cosmic ray intensity on logging in recent years in connection with synergism of extreme climate events and the subsequent bark beetle outbreaks. Space and cosmic effects are factors that substantially influence forest ecosystems. Therefore, this paper provides new knowledge about, and possible predictions of, the forest response under climate change.

This readme.txt file was generated on 2024-02-12 by Ali Omer GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Caltivted alien flora of Southern Africa 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Ali Omer Institution: Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna Address: Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030, Austria Email: 3. Date of data collection: 2019.03.01-2020.11.01. 4. Geographic location of data collection: Konstanz, Germany. 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: this data was funded through the German Research Foundation DFG (grants 264740629 and 432253815). and FWF-DFG for funding (grant I-5825 – B) SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Links to publications that cite or use the data: This data was used to produce a study that is accepted for publication in Ecography (10.1111/ecog.07010). 2. Recommended citation for this dataset: Omer, A. et al. 2024. Invasion risk of the currently cultivated alien flora in Southern Africa is predicted to decline under climate change. – Dryad Digital Repository, . DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: * Cultivated_alien_taxa_data, list of cultivated alien taxa of Southern Africa and associated data on geographic origins, growth form, climatic suitability and naturalization status, METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The list of cultivated species and all the associated datasets were extracted from different data sources (for more details see ) 2. Methods for processing the data: Theis data has been processed with speceis distributiom models (SDMs), series randomization tests and generalized linear models to produce a manuscript accepted for publication in Ecography. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [Cultivated alien taxa data] 1. Number of variables: 25 2. Number of cases/rows: 1,527 3. Variable List: * TPL names, Accepted taxonomic name according to The Plant List version 1.1 () * Family, Accepted family names of the cultivated flora according to The Plant List version 1.1 (). * GloNAF naturalization status, Naturalization status in Southern Africa (yes=1, no=0) according to the GloNAF database, 0-1 * Variables from 4 to 18 are names of the continents of origins and the growth forms of each species * Current climatic suitability, number of suitabile grid cells under current climatic condition * SSP1_CanESM5 climatic suitability, SSP5_CanESM5 climatic suitability, SSP1_CNRM_ESN climatic suitability, SP5_CNRM_ESN climatic suitability, SSP1_MIROC6 climatic suitability, SSP5_MIROC6 climatic suitability, number of suitabile grid cells under different future climatic scenarios and global circulation models (GCMs) 1. Missing data codes: NA \ 0 = No 1 = yes Alien species can have massive impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human livelihoods. Assessing which species from currently cultivated alien floras may escape into the wild and naturalize is essential for efficient and proactive ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Climate change has already promoted the naturalization of many alien plants in temperate regions, but whether it is similar in (sub)tropical areas is insufficiently known. In this study, we used species distribution models for 1,527 cultivated alien plants to evaluate current and future invasion risks across different biomes and 10 countries in southern Africa. Our results confirm that the area of suitable climate is a strong predictor of naturalization success among the cultivated alien flora. In contrast to previous findings from temperate regions, however, climatic suitability is generally predicted to decrease for potential aliens across our (sub)tropical study region. While increasingly hotter and drier conditions are likely to drive declines in suitability for potential aliens across most biomes of southern Africa, in some the number of potential invaders is predicted to increase under moderate climate change scenarios (e.g., in dry broadleaf forests and flooded grasslands). We found that climatic suitability is expected to decline less for aliens originating from continents with the tropical biome or from the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we found that the climatically suitable area will decline less for aliens that have already naturalized in the region. While the number of potential invaders may decrease across southern Africa under future climate change, our results suggest that already naturalized aliens will continue to threaten native species and ecosystems.

Globally, solar energy has become a major contributor to the rapid adoption of renewable energy. Significant energy savings have resulted from the widespread utilization of solar energy in the industrial, residential, and commercial divisions. This review article comprises research conducted over the past 15 years (2008–2023), utilizing a comprehensive collection of 163 references. Significantly, a considerable focus is directed towards the period from 2020 to 2023, encompassing an extensive investigation into the latest developments in solar panel technology in civil engineering. The article examines the incorporation of solar panels into building designs and addresses installation-related structural considerations. In addition, the present review examines the applications of solar panels in terms of innovative infrastructure development applications of solar panels, such as photovoltaic parking lot canopies and photovoltaic noise barriers, which contribute to improved energy efficiency. It also emphasizes their role in water management systems, including water treatment plants, water pumping and irrigation systems, energy-efficient solar desalination technologies, and promoting sustainable water practices. In addition, this study examines how solar panels have been incorporated into urban planning, including smart cities and public parks, thereby transforming urban landscapes into greener alternatives. This study also examined the use of solar panels in building materials, such as façade systems and solar-powered building envelope solutions, demonstrating their versatility in the construction industry. This review explores the diverse applications of solar energy, which promotes sustainable practices in various industries. Owing to the ongoing research, solar energy holds great promise for a greener and cleaner future.

With the increasing share of renewable power resources turbomachines need to be operated under a wider range of operating conditions including highly off-design regimes. Under such regimes an undesirable phenomenon of blade flutter might occur and possibly destroy the machine. To prevent this, intensive research is conducted by research teams worldwide. Blade flutter research program at the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech academy of sciences (IT CAS) mainly aims to advance experimental techniques for investigation of sonic and transonic blade flutter. For this purpose, the new sophisticated test facility was designed and manufactured. As part of the design process, the CFD computations were conducted in order to investigate the flow field in the test facility. This paper presents results of these computations with detailed analysis of flow structures occurring during the air flow through the stationary blade cascade.