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Among all its effects, the development of the boundary layer, its separation, and formation of the wake region could lead to higher convective heat transfer over the body, if the flow conditions cause high gradient velocity profiles in the surface vicinities of the field. And also, a low-pressure region in the downstream of the geometry is formed, which increases the pressure drag exerted on it. The influence of the aforementioned issue on the zero energy house design has been tackled by introducing a new flow control mechanism. The so-called flow controlling blades (FCBs) were recently designed and investigated on a smart sustainable house, in order to control the flow field around the house, prevent the separation, and decrease the wake intensity, targeting a lower level of convective heat loss and drag force exerted on the body. The angular orientation of these FCBs was formerly determined for 12 different free wind directions (30° increments), as a look-up table for the main control system of the house. To increase the resolution of the orientations, we make use of a recently successful tool in machine learning called neural networks to estimate the desired orientation of the blades for the wind directions that do not exist in the said look-up table. Consequently, all the sample investigated sub-intervals not originally covered by the CFD data, showing great coincidence with the data driven from the neural network utilized in this study.

Introduction: Elaborated intrusion theory suggests that imagery is central to craving; however, the possibility that cue-elicited multisensory imagery produces such urges has not been studied enough in the literature. Thus, we investigated the role of cue-elicited multisensory imagery on alcohol craving in individuals who are hazardous and social drinkers compared to mental and neutral imagery conditions. Methods: In an online experiment, hazardous and social drinkers (N = 348) between 18 and 45 years old were randomised to multisensory, mental, and neutral imagery exposure. The level of craving intensity was measured before and after imagery exposure. Also, participants rated vividness and sensory features scales after the exposure. Results: The level of craving was significantly higher in multisensory imagery condition compared to neutral condition (b = 1.94, p < 0.001, SE = 0.30, t(344) = 6.52, standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.89) and in mental imagery condition compared to neutral condition (b = 1.82, SE = 0.30, t(344) = 6.52, p < 0.001, SMD = 0.83). The difference between the level of craving intensity between the multisensory and mental was not significant (b = 0.12, SE = 0.22, t(344) = 0.53, p = 0.594, SMD = 0.06). Moreover, craving intensity in response to multisensory versus neutral imagery was significantly stronger among hazardous drinkers (b = −2.90, SE = 0.83, t(341) = −3.50, p < 0.001). The level of vividness was not significantly different between any conditions. The difference between levels of sensory features was higher in multisensory imagery condition compared to neutral (b = 0.95, SE = 0.30, t(345) = 3.17, p = 0.002, SMD = 0.49) and mental imagery condition (b = 0.67, SE = 0.23, t(345) = 2.36, p = 0.004, SMD = 0.35). Conclusion: Results suggest that cue-elicited multisensory imagery may be a useful tool for eliciting alcohol craving responses and provide an additional means for better understanding the multi-layered mechanism of craving.

In recent years, Austrian Power Grid AG (APG) has successfully introduced dynamic line rating for the weather-dependent determination of the current-carrying capacity on various overhead lines. The higher current loading of overhead lines also increases the current loading in substations. In some cases busbars appear to be the new limiting element. As weather-dependent operation of tubular busbars is not yet in practice, a physical model working in a similar way as dynamic rating for overhead lines has been developed and evaluated. Due to the significantly larger surface area of tubular busbars compared to conductors of overhead lines, radiation as well as absorption and convection have a greater influence on the current-carrying capacity of tubular busbars than of conductors of overhead lines. Calculations of the current-carrying capacity of a tubular busbar based on the weather data over one year show that the current-carrying capacity can be regularly increased by several ten percentage points. In the near future, dynamic rating will be used for tubular busbars at APG in network operation to be able to significantly increase the current-carrying capacity of busbars in suitable ambient conditions.

Renewable & sustainable energy reviews 161, 112272 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112272 special issue: "MODEX: energy system model comparisons through harmonized applications / Edited by Hans Christian Gils, Jochen Linßen, Dominik Möst, Christoph Weber" Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Converting wind energy into ammonia (WtA) has been recognized as a promising pathway to produce green ammonia compared with traditional coal-based technologies. As the key part of WtA, Power-to-Ammonia (PtA) has great potential to facilitate the usage of wind generation. This paper proposes a co-planning approach for regional wind resources-based ammonia industry and the electric network (EN). To this end, PtA is first modeled as a flexible power load of power systems with spatial and temporal constraints on hydrogen supply chains (HSC). Then a novel co-planning model of WtA and EN is established to optimize the WtA configuration and the EN expansion. An alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based algorithm is introduced to effectively solve this model. Real data of Inner Mongolia Province in China is adopted to verify the effectiveness and significance of the proposed approach. It is shown that the siting and operation flexibility of PtA with HSC can reduce the expansion burden of EN. The co-planning of WtA and EN can significantly enhance wind power utilization and reduce total investment costs. Furthermore, feasibility analysis on WtA in comparison with coal-to-ammonia (CtA) and ultra-high voltage transmission (UHV) provides helpful guidelines for the realization of WtA.

Abstract This paper presents a system for the real-time analysis of human skin temperatures using sensor fusion and thermal image recognition. The aim of this work is to introduce an open and extensible framework that supports multi-modal sensor input with a focus on merging optical data and conventional sensor input for advanced thermal comfort analysis. The goal is to obtain a more complete representation of a person in various indoor climatic conditions. Methods proposed in this paper are important for research and industrial applications with respect to the real-time analysis of thermal comfort and human physiology in indoor climates. Although this paper mainly focuses on the analysis of skin temperatures, the proposed architecture is conceived for being extendable for statistical evaluation and numerical models. Arbitrary software components can be integrated as data sources and sinks by means of a conventional TCP/IP networking interface. Main contributions of this paper are a general architecture for the fusion of multi-modal sensor input using a centralized data server structure, a method for combining depth-map based face and pose tracking with a thermal imaging device and preliminary studies demonstrating the behavior and validity of the system.

11th International Fluid Power Conference, 11. IFK, Aachen, Germany, 19 Mar 2018 - 21 Mar 2018; Aachen : [Mainz], 72-81 (2018). Published by [Mainz], Aachen