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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1982 FrancePublisher:ISTPM Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; Garnier, J.;Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 59visibility views 59 download downloads 28 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1982Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , External research report , Report , Preprint 2013 FrancePublisher:Unknown Funded by:UKRI | End to End logistic suppo...UKRI| End to End logistic support tools for effective aerial drone delivery against COVID-19Authors: Gohin, Alexandre; Gohin, Alexandre;[Paper in French] The European public policy in favor of the biodiesel consumption is highly debated. Available estimates of the induced land use changes conclude that this policy is inefficient to reduce emissions of GreenHouse Gas. We show that the crop yield evolutions in these estimates are significantly lower than the observed and expected evolutions. This difference is directly related to biased calibration choice of behavioral parameters. We show using the GTAP-BIO framework that a consistent calibration of these parameters leads to a strong reduction (by around 80% in the long run) of the land use changes and induced emissions.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverReport . 2013Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1993 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-Villars Authors: Bachelet, G; Dauvin, Jc;The species composition and spatial distribution of macrofaunal assemblages in intertidal sands of Arcachon Bay, on the southwestern Atlantic coast of France, were investigated through a quantitative sampling of twenty stations representative of the various sandy habitats found in the bay, excluding the exposed beaches. Sampling was done on a single occasion, during the winter of 1988. A total of 150 macrobenthic species (> 1 mm) were collected. The abundance of macrofauna ranged from 89 to 52000 ind.m-2 (with a high dominance of the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae in some sites) and the biomass ranged from 1.3 to 42.5 g.m-2 dry weight. Thirteen additional species (belonging to temporary meiofauna and small macrofauna) were also sampled in the sieving fraction comprised between 1 mm and 100 mum. In this size fraction, the highest densities were those of H. ulvae juveniles in the inner bay and the small polychaete Parapionosyllis gestans in the outer bay. Mean abundance of total fauna > 100 mum (excluding permanent meiofauna) was about 35000 ind.m-2 in both sheltered and semi-exposed stations. A correspondence analysis of the distribution of species among stations followed by an automatic hierarchical classification identified six benthic assemblages, which were also characterized in terms of species dominance, constancy and fidelity. Two assemblages, corresponding to the boreal Macoma community, were distinguished in the sands at mid-tide level in the inner part of the bay: station-group A was characterized by Neomysis integer and Streblospio shrubsolii, together with a low number of species occurring in low-salinity estuarine waters; station-group B, with Cerastoderma edule, Arenicola marina, and Nereis diversicolor as characteristic species, was a sandy facies of the Macoma community dominated by C. edule. Three other assemblages, each with a high species richness, included several species of the boreal Lusitanian Tellina community: station-group C: a Eunice vittata-Tubificoides benedeni assemblage at lower tidal levels in the central part of the bay; station-group D: a Ruditapes decussatus-Goniada emerita assemblage at mid-tidal levels of the outer bay; station-group E: an Echinocardium cordatum-Magelona mirabilis-Aonides oxycephala assemblage at lower tidal levels of the outer bay. A sixth assemblage (station-group F) was an Ophelia bicornis-Bathyporeia sarsi assemblage in fine dune sands of the outer bay. A discriminant analysis including five environmental variables (tidal level, salinity, sediment median, fine particles and organic contents) revealed the first two variables to be the most important factors in the ordination of stations. With these five variables, only 65 % of the stations were correctly classified in the station-groups identified by correspondence analysis. Among the other possible factors governing the distribution of benthic assemblages, the importance of both exposure and circulation of water masses is stressed. Sheltered stations had a mean biomass of 22.8 g.m-2 dry weight and a mean species richness of 17.7 species; in semi-exposed stations, these values were 11.5 g.m-2 dry weight and 36.1 species.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 97visibility views 97 download downloads 42 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1993Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2019 FrancePublisher:CCSD Authors: Boullet, Antoine;When it comes to sustainable development, n-butanol production by biological means represents an environmentally friendly alternative compared to petrochemical means. Some organisms are able to produce butanol naturally, such as the Clostridiae family, which are Gram-positive bacteria, growing in strict anaerobic conditions. They produce butanol in mixture with acetone and ethanol, which reduce the production yield of butanol and increase the purification costs. In 2015, the PEEP team of TBI built a genetically modified strain of E. coli, expressing the complete conversion pathway from pyruvate to butanol from C. acetobutylicum. This strain’s metabolism was built so that the growth and glucose consumption speeds are coupled with the butanol production speed. In strict anaerobic growth in batch culture, in a chemically defined medium based on glucose and supplemented with yeast extracts (YE) and nitrate (NO3-), this strain produces 3,3 g/L of n-butanol, with a yield of 0,23 g butanol/g glucose, among other minority coproducts (succinate, lactate, acetate, butyrate). These coproducts lower the butanol production yield, and remain unexpected, because the corresponding metabolic pathways were deleted. The goal of this PhD project consists in identifying the metabolic pathways involved in the coproducts production and improving the understanding of the strain, in order to optimize it, improve the butanol/glucose yield, and simplify the culture medium. Several aspects are considered: expressing ferredoxin NAD(P)+ oxidoreductases (FNOR) from organisms other than C. acetobutylicum, in order to combine the reoxidation of the reduced ferredoxin to the generation of ATP; ii) inactivating the metabolic pathways from E. coli which may be involved in the coproducts synthesis; iii) performing an evolutionary in-vivo adaptation of the strain, in order to improve its performances and increase its tolerance to butanol in a chemically defined medium supplemented with YE and NO3-, and then iv) performing an evolutionary adaptation of the Butanol strain to allow its growth in the chemically defined medium without any supplementation. These strategies lead to i) the construction of a new E. coli strain, with its anaerobic growth depending on the functionality of an FNOR: the FNOR from C. acetobutylicum, the Rnf complex from C. ljungdahlii and the FNOR from C. tepidum were assessed. This work lead to the selection of a mutant of the FNOR from C. tepidum, which has a ferredoxin NAD+ reductase activity 2,2 times higher than the native enzyme. This mutant FNOR was then expressed in the E. coli strain producing butanol, as a replacement of C. acetobutylicum’s. The characterization of its phenotype demonstrated its capacity to produce 3 g/L of butanol, with a yield of 0,26 g/g; ii) the deletion of the genes zwf and mdh in the Butanol strain also lead to an improvement of the production in butanol up to 6 g/L , and of the yield up to 0,33 g/g; iii) the in-vivo evolution of the Butanol strain, in continuous culture (chemostat) with regulated pH, in the medium supplemented with YE and Ni, lead to the selection of an evolved strain producing up to 11 g/L of butanol, and a yield of 0,34 g/g. The complete sequencing of the genomes of the clones isolated from this population lead to the identification of mutations in two genes, yqhC and lptG, potentially involved in the strain’s performances; iv) the in-vivo adaptation of the Butanol strain in the medium without any supplementation lead to the selection of a evolved clones producing 2,5 g/L of butanol, and a yield of 0,28 g/g in batch culture. To our knowledge, the highest production of butanol observed coupled with anaerobic growth in E. coli does not exceed 0,6g/L, in a chemically defined medium base on glucose without any supplementation.; Dans le cadre du développement durable, la production de n-butanol par voie biologique est une alternative écologique par rapport à sa synthèse par voie pétrochimique. Il existe des microorganismes naturellement capables de produire du butanol, tels que les Clostridiae, bactéries Gram positif, ayant une croissance strictement anaérobie. Ils produisent du butanol au travers d’une fermentation produisant un mélange d’acétone, de butanol et d’éthanol. La production de butanol en mélange avec d’autres molécules diminue le rendement de production en butanol et augmente le coût de purification. En 2015, l’équipe PEEP de TBI a construit une souche d’E. coli génétiquement modifiée exprimant la voie complète de conversion du pyruvate en n-butanol de C. acetobutylicum. Le métabolisme de cette souche a été conçu pour que les vitesses de croissance et de consommation du glucose soient couplées à la vitesse de production du butanol. En croissance en anaérobiose stricte en culture discontinue dans un milieu chimiquement défini à base de glucose supplémenté en extrait de levure (YE) et nitrate (NO3-), cette souche produit 3,3 g/L de butanol à un rendement de 0,23 g butanol /g glucose, en présence de coproduits minoritaires (succinate, lactate, acétate, butyrate). Ces coproduits diminuent le rendement de production en butanol et restent inattendus car les voies métaboliques correspondantes ont été supprimées. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse est d’identifier les voies métaboliques impliquées dans la production de ces coproduits et d’améliorer la compréhension du métabolisme de cette souche, afin de l’optimiser, d’augmenter le rendement butanol/glucose, et de simplifier le milieu de culture. Plusieurs pistes ont été envisagées : i) Expression de ferrédoxines NAD(P)+ oxydoréductases (FNOR) issues d’organismes autres que C. acetobutylicum dans l’objectif de coupler l’étape de réoxydation de la ferrédoxine réduite à la production d’ATP ; ii) Inactivation des voies métaboliques d’E. coli susceptibles d’être impliquées dans la synthèse des coproduits ; iii) Evolution adaptative in vivo de la souche, afin d’améliorer ses performances et accroitre sa tolérance au butanol dans le milieu supplémenté avec YE et NO3-, puis iv) Evolution adaptative in vivo de la souche dans le milieu sans supplémentation. Ces stratégies ont conduit à i) La construction d’une nouvelle souche d’E. coli dont la croissance anaérobie dépend de la fonctionnalité d’une FNOR : la FNOR de C. acetobutylicum, le complexe Rnf de C. ljungdahlii et la FNOR de C. tepidum ont été évaluées. Cette approche a conduit à la sélection d’un mutant de la FNOR de C. tepidum, ayant une activité ferrédoxine NAD+ réductase 2,2 fois supérieure à celle de l’enzyme native. Cette FNOR mutante a ensuite été exprimée dans la souche d’E. coli Butanol en remplacement de la FNOR de C. acetobutylicum. La caractérisation de son phénotype a montré sa capacité à produire 3 g/L de butanol à un rendement de 0,26 g/g ; ii) La délétion des gènes zwf et mdh dans la souche Butanol a permis d’augmenter le titre en butanol produit à 6 g/L et le rendement à 0,33 g/g ; iii) L’évolution adaptative in-vivo de la souche d’E. coli Butanol en culture continue, dans le milieu supplémenté avec YE et Ni, a conduit à la sélection d’une population évoluée produisant 11 g/L de butanol à un rendement de 0,34 g/g. Le séquençage complet des génomes de clones isolés à partir de cette population a conduit à l’identification de mutations dans deux gènes, yqhC et lptG, potentiellement impliquées dans les performances de la souche ; iv) L’évolution adaptative in-vivo de la souche Butanol dans le milieu sans supplémentation a conduit à la sélection de clones évolués produisant 2,5 g/L de butanol à un rendement de 0,28 g/g en culture discontinue. A notre connaissance, la production maximale de butanol reportée, couplée à la croissance anaérobie chez E. coli, ne dépasse pas 0,6 g/L, en milieu chimiquement défini à base uniquement de glucose.
HAL-INSA Toulouse arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1990 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991 Authors: Roux, M;On the bathyal slope for continental margins, steep and rocky substrates punctuated with cliffs and collapsing zones are frequently found. As survey and sampling with the classical technics from the sea surface is practically impossible in such an environment, in situ exploration with a submersible allows significant advances in ecology, with implications in paleoenvironment reconstruction. Mixing of material from shallow-water and deep-sea origins into bathyal sedimentation suggests that the so-called "fossil assemblages of outer platform" were frequently misinterpreted. Dense populations of animals closely related to fossil groups which were only considered as relict of the Past ("living fossils") and previously interpreted as shallow-water inhabitants during geological times can be discovered living in such bathyal communities. The role of bathyal ecological niches during global bioevents brings a new vision of the history of life in the Ocean through geological time and has to be further investigated. Examples from cruises monitoring the diving saucer Cyana (SP 3000) in the Bay of Biscay and off New Caledonia are given.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1987 FrancePublisher:Gauthier-villars/editions Elsevier Authors: Plante-cuny, Marie-reine; Bodoy, Alain;The primary production (phytoplankton and microphytobenthos) of a coastaL shallow water ecosystem (0.5 m) was investigated in two sandy areas, differing by their wave exposure. The physical and chemical parameters, the functional chlorophyll and pheopigments as well as the primary production were measured monthly, throughout a two-year study. The bivalve Ruditapes decussatus was the dominant species in the sheltered station (RD), whereas Donax trlmcu/us inhabited the other station (DT) which was exposed to the open-sea waves. Microphytic biomasses were determined after extracting chlorophyll a and pheopigments in 90% acetone. by spectrophotometric measurements before and after acidification. Gross hourly primary production was estimated by measuring the oxygen balance in light and dark enclosures. The mlcrophytobenthos was considered in the upper centimetre. The main characteristics of the water. temperature. salinity and dissolved oxygen were more variable in the sheltered area; the redox potential was generally lower in this sediment and the vertical profile revealed a "redox potential discontinuity"• which usually did not appear in the open site. In the water column (phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations were similar in both stations. The annual average values of Chla and primary production were equivalent (1.40±0.56 and 1.94±078 mg Chla.m2: 19.60±11.09 and 20.29±8.45mgCm- 2.h- 1 in RD and DT respectively). On the other hand. for the microphytobenthos. the autumn blooms were more pronounced in the sheltered station (RD) than in the wave-exposed one (DT). The annual average value of the biomass (ChIa in upper cm of sediment) was Il times higher at the RD than the DT station (42.89 ± 6.86 and 3.87 ± 1.84 mg Chla.m• 2) and the annual average of primary production 4 limes higher (19.94±6.13 and 4.77 ± 3.12 mgC m-2 .h-1). The benthic biomass was 30 times higher at the sheltered station (RD) than the planktonic one. whereas the primary production values were similar. In the wave-exposed station (DT), the benthic biomass was only twice that of the planktonic one and the planktonic primary production 4 times higher than the benthic one. The P/E ratios (assimilation numbers) indicated a better efficiency at the planktonic level [14 mgC(mg ChIa) -1.h-1 for the sheltered site and 10.46 for the open station]. They were only of 0.46 and 1.23 mgC(mg Chla) -1 - h-1 for the benthos. Such results revealed that the primary production did not exhibit the same difference between the two stations as the chlorophylI A correlation analysis gave evidence of strong relationships between both stations for the pelagic parameters, but no correlations were found between the two sites at the benthic level. When considering the primary producers (plankton + benthos) as a whole. the sheltered station was richer and more productive than the wave-exposed one. The waters were similar in both sites. indicating a common origin, but the productivity was more important in the sheltered area. due to the richness of the benthic microflora On a comparé durant deux années la biomasse (Chla fonctionnelle) et la production primaire (bilans d'oxygène) des microphytes benthiques et planctoniques de deux plages de sables fins (0,5 m de profondeur), soumises à des conditions hydrodynamiques différentes. La station de mode calme (RD) abrite notamment un peuplement de Ruditapes decussatus (pélécypode) tandis que la station de mode agité (DT) soumise à l'influence du large, est habitée par des peuplements d'un autre pélécypode, Donax trunculus. Dans le compartiment pélagique (phytoplancton) les variations saisonnières sont à peu près identiques dans les deux stations. Les moyennes annuelles de la biomasse et de la production primaire sont sensiblement équivalentes (1.40 ± 0,56 et 1,94 ± 0,78 mg Chla.m - 2: 19,60 ± 11.09 et 20,29 ± 8.45 mgc.m - 2.h -1 respectivement en RD et DT). En revanche, dans le compartiment benthique (microphytobenthos), des floraisons d'automne sont plus accentuées à la station de mode calme (RD) qu'à la station de mode agité (DT). La moyenne annuelle de biomasse (1er cm d'épaisseur du sédiment) est Il fois plus élevée à la station RD qu'à la station DT (42,89 ± 6,86 et 3,87 ± 1,84 mg Chla.m- 2) et la moyenne de la production primaire 4 fois supérieure (19,94 ± 6,13 contre 4,77 ± 3,12 mgC.m- 2.h- 1). Dans la station RD (calme), la biomasse benthique (1er centimètre) est 30 fois supérieure à la biomasse planctonique, alors que les productions primaires sont équivalentes. Dans la station de mode agité (DT) la biomasse benthique est seulement double de la biomasse planctonique et la production primaire planctonique est 4 fois supérieure à la production benthique. L'étude des corrélations montre que des liaisons étroites existent entre les deux stations pour les paramètres du domaine pélagique, alors que dans le domaine benthique, les moyennes et les évolutions sont différentes dans les deux sites. La station de sables fins de mode calme est, au total. à l'échelon primaire (plancton + benthos), plus riche et plus productive que la station de mode agité.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1987Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 148visibility views 148 download downloads 40 Powered bymore_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1987Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:University of Liege Authors: Koffi Akpagana;Amah Akodewou;
Kossi Béssan Amegnaglo; Komlan Batawila; +4 AuthorsAmah Akodewou
Amah Akodewou in OpenAIREKoffi Akpagana;Amah Akodewou;
Kossi Béssan Amegnaglo; Komlan Batawila;Amah Akodewou
Amah Akodewou in OpenAIREKodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan;
Donko Koudzo Koda; Sêmihinva Akpavi; Badabate Diwediga;Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan
Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan in OpenAIREDescription du sujet. La baisse et l’irrégularité des pluies modifient considérablement les saisons culturales, ce qui oblige les paysans à une restructuration du calendrier agricole en s’appuyant sur les savoirs locaux. Objectifs. L’objectif de cette étude est de valoriser les savoirs locaux utilisés par les paysans dans la gestion du calendrier agricole. Les objectifs spécifiques sont, d’une part, d’inventorier les indicateurs biophysiques utilisés dans la définition des calendriers culturaux et, d’autre part, de déterminer les espèces végétales repères communes aux trois zones écologiques étudiées. Méthode. Ce but fut atteint grâce à des interviews semi-directes individuelles et via des focus groups auprès d’un échantillon de 689 agriculteurs répartis dans 65 localités. Résultats. Il ressort que la totalité des paysans enquêtés utilisent des marqueurs temporels dans la définition des calendriers culturaux, surtout dans la reconnaissance des débuts de saison pluvieuse (période de semis) et de saison sèche (période de récolte). Il s’agit principalement des indicateurs biologiques tels que la phénologie des plantes (en saison sèche : Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. [floraison], Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. [floraison], Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. [fructification] et en saison pluvieuse : Millettia thonningii (Schum. & Thonn.) Baker [floraison], V. paradoxa [floraison], Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. [floraison], Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. [éclatement du fruit]). Au total, 67 espèces végétales ont été recensées comme indicateurs des variations des saisons agricoles. Outre les espèces végétales, la migration saisonnière des oiseaux (73 %), l’apparition des insectes (48 %), mais aussi des indicateurs abiotiques comme le sens du vent (100 %), les observations des étoiles (82 %) et le déplacement des nuages (69 %) sont utilisés comme repères dans la gestion des périodes agricoles. Conclusions. La connaissance de ces signaux permet aux paysans d’anticiper sur d’éventuelles variabilités climatiques et suivre, diriger et adapter leurs activités culturales. Ces savoirs locaux constituent dès lors une aubaine pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2012 FrancePublisher:OFCE Authors: Dion, Stéphane; Laurent, Eloi;From Rio to Rio: A global carbon price signal to escape the great climate inconsistency Two decades after the 1992 Rio Conference,we must admit to collective failure in combating human induced climate change. We cannot escape serious climate disruption if we keep going down that road. We must change direction, and we must move quickly. To this end, we call in this paper for a fine tuning of the international negotiations on climate. We propose refocusing these international efforts on negotiating a global carbon price signal, harmonized in principle but flexible in practice, instead of doggedly spending the next few years attempting to convince countries to accept stricter national targets for quantitative reduction of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2021Publisher:Classiques Garnier Authors: Christophe Revelli; Thomas Lagoarde-Segot;This article sheds light on the issue of financing the 2030 Agenda. First of all, we highlight the analytical inconsistency of market financing strategies based on neoclassical theory. We then put forward the elements of an alternative strategy based on the issuance of a new category of financial instruments: the ecological sovereign security (ESS). Then, we develop "Philia 1.1", a new 32-equation stock-flow coherent model (SFC) to analyze the effects of issuing TSE on macroeconomic dynamics and the ecological transition process. Simulations suggest that the issuance of TSEs could help to drive an expansionary macroeconomic dynamic beneficial to employees, while embedding the additional activity in new ecological and social criteria. TSE emissions could therefore play a driving role in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Cet article apporte l’éclairage de la Théorie Financière Écologique sur la question du financement de l’Agenda 2030. Nous mettons en évidence l’incohérence analytique du financement par les marchés, fondé sur la théorie néoclassique. Nous avançons une stratégie alternative reposant sur l’émission d’une nouvelle catégorie d’instruments financiers : le titre souverain écologique (TSE). Puis, nous développons « Philia 1.1 » un nouveau modèle stock-flux cohérent. Les simulations suggèrent que l’émission de TSE pourrait impulser une dynamique macroéconomique expansionniste bénéfique aux salariés tout en encastrant le surcroit d’activité dans de nouveaux critères écologiques et sociaux. L’émission de TSE pourrait jouer un rôle moteur dans la poursuite des Objectifs du Développement Durable (ODD).
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2019 FrancePublisher:ethnographiques.org Eco-anthropology in Lower Loire river : collectives to the test of the tide, the mild, the dry At the mouth of the Loire, from the upstream of Nantes to Saint-Nazaire, the floodplain is composed of various wetlands. This area is the site of many marshland activities, subject to the hazards of the "last wild river in Europe" : variations in discharge, tides, sedimentary and biological flows. Eco-anthropological research is currently underway in this area, aimed at describing some practices and uses, and their place in the effective management of the Lower Loire ecosystem. The research approach is inspired by a symmetrical anthropology that leaves place for non-humans, considering a hybrid sociality in which the categories of nature and culture are set aside. It is based mainly on ethnographic materials acquired during field surveys. Through this paper, we pay attention to the ways in which some of the collectives are recomposed. These assemblages are tested by the increase in the oscillating volume of the tide induced by the intensification of dredging in the estuary since 1976, as well as by the consequences of the episode of mild winter weather and insufficient rainfall, particular to the 2016-1017 period. We think that the « mere description » of these singular relations is a way of co-producing knowledge with the beings of these hybrid collectives, and that reporting it may strengthen their consistency. We present a table of different modes of coexistence of these collectives of things, beasts, humans and plants in the trial of strength of the Capitalocene, and conclude by emphasizing the necessity to develop there a relational ecology through the practice of an « art of attention ». Keywords : eco-anthropology, Loire estuary, Brière, Brivet, hybrid collectives, low water, climate change, planning, Capitalocene À l'embouchure de la Loire, de l'amont de Nantes à Saint-Nazaire, le lit majeur du fleuve est composé de diverses zones humides. Cet espace est le lieu de nombreuses activités palustres, soumises aux aléas du fleuve : variations de débits, marées, flux sédimentaires et biologiques. Une recherche éco-anthropologique est actuellement en cours sur cet espace, visant à décrire certaines pratiques et certains usages, et leur place dans la gestion effective de l'écosystème de la Basse-Loire. La démarche de recherche s'inspire d'une anthropologie symétrique laissant la place aux non-humains, considérant une socialité hybride où les catégories de nature et de culture sont mises de côté. Il s'appuie principalement sur les matériaux ethnographiques acquis lors d'enquêtes de terrain. Dans cet article, nous prêtons attention aux évolutions de ces agencements face à l‘augmentation du volume oscillant de la marée induit par l'intensification des dragages de l'estuaire depuis 1976, ainsi qu'aux effets de l'épisode de douceur hivernale et de déficit pluviométrique particulier à la période 2016-1017. Nous pensons que la « simple description » de ces relations singulières est un mode de co-production du savoir avec les êtres qui peuplent ces collectifs hybrides, et que le fait d'en rendre compte est susceptible de renforcer leur cohérence. Nous présentons un tableau de différents modes de coexistence de ces collectifs de choses, de bêtes, d'hommes et de plantes à l'épreuve du Capitalocène, et concluons en soulignant la nécessité d'y développer l'écologie des relations par la pratique d'un « art de l'attention ». Mots-clés : éco-anthropologie, estuaire de la Loire, Brière, Brivet, étiage, changement climatique, aménagement, collectifs hybrides, Capitalocène
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Archive Ouverte de l'Université Rennes (HAL)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-02190862Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Archive Ouverte de l'Université Rennes (HAL)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-02190862Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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