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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schilling, Friederike; Baumüller, Heike; Ecuru, Julius; von Braun, Joachim;

    The IPCC stresses the importance of achieving net-zero CO2 emissions worldwide by 2050 and natural climate solutions, particularly carbon farming, can play a significant role in this goal. However, current markets do not account for environmental externalities, which creates a mismatch between individual costs and societal benefits. Payment systems linked to carbon farming practices could help bridge this gap. Research is essential to develop effective agricultural carbon markets, and this study focuses on the opportunities and challenges faced by smallholder farmers in these markets. The research examines four areas: agricultural markets as a funding source for carbon farming, payments for carbon sequestration, opportunities for smallholder farmers, and cost-effective monitoring and verification of carbon stocks. Further research is needed to monitor carbon sequestration accurately, reduce GHG emissions, and develop institutional arrangements to promote sustainable production methods in Africa.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bonndoc - The Reposi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Research . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bonndoc - The Reposi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Research . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Agbaam, Callistus; Perez Arredondo, Ana Maria; Alatinga, Kennedy; Bender, Katja;

    In the last two decades, studies that analyse the political economy of sustainable energy transitions have increasingly become available. Yet very few attempts have been made to synthesize the factors discussed in the growing literature. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature on the political economy of sustainable energy transitions. Using a well-defined search strategy, a total of 36 empirical contributions covering the period 2008 to 2022 are reviewed full text. Overall, the findings highlight the role of vested interest, advocacy coalitions and green constituencies, path dependency, external shocks, policy and institutional environment, political institutions and fossil fuel resource endowments as major political economy factors influencing sustainable energy transitions across both high income countries, and low and middle income countries. In addition, the paper highlights and discusses some critical knowledge gaps in the existing literature and provides suggestions for a future research agenda. IZNE Working Paper Series; Nr. 23/3

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ pub H-BRS - Publikat...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ pub H-BRS - Publikat...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    In light of the escalating economic influence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the intricate interplay of sustainability, innovation, and export performance assumes paramount significance. This study focuses on French SMEs in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA) region, exploring the relatively uncharted territory of a synergistic approach to sustainability and innovation. Through a 2022-2023 field survey of 290 SMEs, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models, the research investigates the potential enhancement of export performance through this synergistic approach. The study reveals a positive impact, emphasizing the significance of sustainability certifications (EUR 24,416 additional export turnover per certification), R&D investment (EUR 1.38 boost per euro invested), and environmental patents (EUR 64,439 per patent). Qualitative insights enrich the understanding of challenges and opportunities, especially in terms of environmental footprint reduction. The findings underscore the need for prioritizing sustainability and innovation by French SMEs to thrive in export markets, with implications for policymakers in designing initiatives. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between sustainability, innovation, and export performance, providing practical guidance for SMEs and a methodological foundation for future regional research.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mohammadzadeh, Leila;

    Increasing demand for clean, globally available energy, provokes the development of alternative or nonconventional energy storage sources with higher energy density and power delivery. Therefore, supercapacitors have received great attention in both academic and industrial research. In addition, supercapacitors are promising new sources of energy in the future energy technology. Hence, rapid progress has been made to understand their fundamentals and applicable aspects. Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, bridge the gap between batteries and con- ventional capacitors, which means that supercapacitors can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and can store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume than fuel cells. Su- percapacitors are well known not only because of their huge energy density, but also due to their long shelf and good cyclic ability. The particular properties of supercapacitors are due to utiliza- tion of electrode materials with very high porosity, and also the specific mechanism of charge storage. In general, there are two fundamental chemical and physical mechanisms for energy storage. In chemical mechanism the charges are released through oxidation-reduction reaction. However, in the physical mechanism the electrical energy is stored physically with electrostatic interaction, while no chemical and phase changes occur. Hence, according to theses charge storage mechanisms supercapacitors are divided into three main groups: electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors and hybrid capacitors. Each of these supercapacitors has its own ad- vantages and disadvantages. These three different kind of supercacaitors are distinguished by their charge storage mechanism and also their electrode materials. Electrical double layer capacitors store the charge based on physical mechanism, and also various types of carbon are used as electrode material. Pseudocapacitors save energy via electro- chemical redox reactions. Besides, these capacitors utilize metal oxides and conducting polymers as electrode material. Hybrid capacitors are another class of supercapacitors, which are constructed of two different types of electrode materials. Therefore, the mechanism of energy storage is a com- bination of both chemical and physical mechanisms. The most used electrode materials in these supercapacitors are a composition of carbon-based materials with either conducting polymers or metal oxide materials. In this work electrical double layer capacitors have captured our attention because of both their interesting energy storage mechanism and also their electrode materials. Electrode material is one of the most important factors in the performance of an electro- chemical energy storage device. Therefore, innovation of new electrode materials is one of the most attractive topics in recent investigations. Especially carbon based electrodes such as carbon nanofibers, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) etc. with their porous structure can pro- vide very huge surface area, consequently immense capacity. Among the examined carbon based materials carbon nanotubes are one of the most interesting because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In fact, special properties of carbon nanotubes such as individual tubular structure, very high chemical stability, low resistivity, high thermal and electrical conductivity and enormous surface area make them good candidates for electrode material in electrical double layer capacitors. Carbon nanotubes are divided into three main groups such as zigzag, armchair and chi- ral tubes. Based on their electronic structure, carbon nanotubes can have metallic or semimetallic characteristic. As mentioned above the huge capacity of carbon materials is due to their massive surface area. Furthermore, in the case of carbon nanotubes both the inner and outer walls can be available for electrolyte ions. At first it was thought, that very narrow pores do not participate in the forma- tion of double layer and energy storage. However, experimental investigations proved, that very narrow pores (lower than 1nm size) not only participate in energy storage, but also exhibit an enor- mous increase of capacitance. Later, theoretical findings showed that the image charge between ion and pore wall screen the repulsion between the ions. This leads to a denser packing of ions, consequently increasing the electrode capacitance. In this work we have studied ion intercalation into carbon nanotubes with diameters lower than 1nm as electrode material by density functional theory. All the calculations have been done using the VASP package. The idea of this work is in that we have imagined carbon nanotubes as electrode materials immersed in solution. Hence, the electrolyte ions try to penetrate into the carbon nanotubes. This work is divided into four parts, which are as follows: In the first part, we have selected truncated carbon nanotubes or carbon nanorings, whoese ends are saturated with hydrogen atoms. In particular, the truncated carbon nanotubes are include the (6,0), (8,0), (10,0) and (12,0) carbon nanotubes. As electrolyte ions alkali (Li, Na and Cs) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) atoms have been tried. Meanwhile, we have neglected the presence of solvent or any counterpart. After simulation it was realized that all the alkali atoms have lost one electron, and also the halogen atoms have obtained one more electron, and also the stable position of all the ions is in the center of the tubes. The results have shown that the surrounding tubes screen the ionic charge very effectively, thereby the ion-ion interactions are strongly reduced, which explains, why narrow tubes store charge more effectively than wider one. We have calculated the insertion energies of the atoms into the tubes and understood that for each atom the diameter of the tube has to be optimized. In the second part of the work, we extended the model of short nanotubes to infinite ones. In particular, we have chosen the (6,2)CNT, the (6,3)CNT, the (8,0)CNT and the (5,5)CNT as electrode material. Among the presented carbon nanotubes the (6,2)CNT and the (8,0)CNT are semimetallic, while the (5,5)CNT and the (6,3)CNT are metallic. Like in the previous work we have inserted alkali (Li, Na and Cs) and halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) atoms into the carbon nanotubes. The results have shown that the atoms were fully ionized. The charge exchange with the CNTs affects the band structure, and turns those tubes that were originally semiconductors into conductors. None of the ions is adsorbed chemically, their position inside the tube and their energies of adsorption are determined by a competition between electrostatic image interactions, which favor a position at the wall, and Pauli repulsion. In models for charge storage it is often assumed that in small tubes the ions are at the center, but we have found several cases where small alkali ions are positioned near the wall. We have also investigated the screening of the Coulomb potential along the axis of the tubes. In particular we wanted to see if there is a difference between semiconducting and conducting CNTs. Within the accuracy of our calculations we found no difference in the screening, because the charge transfer has made the non-chiral tubes conducting. In the third part of this work, we have investigated insertion of alkali and halogen atoms into nitrogen doped (N-doped) carbon nanotubes. Here, the (8,0)CNT and the (5,5)CNT have been chosen as electrode material. The results have shown that N-doped carbon nanotubes are less stable than the pure ones, and also the atoms were fully ionized. The position of the ions in the carbon nanotubes exhibits contradictory behavior in the (8,0)CNT than the (5,5)CNT. In fact, in the former one the ions have high repulsion from the impurity area and try to get away as far as possible. This effect is stronger in the case of small ions like Li+. However, in the (5,5)CNT the ions get closer to the nitrogen area. This behavior is caused by the difference in the spin density of carbon nanotubes. In other words, the spin density is more localized in the N-doped (8,0)CNT than the N- doped (5,5)CNT. Therefore, it causes big repulsion with the inserted ions. The nitrogen doping and charge exchange with ions affect the band structure of carbon nanotubes. Actually, substitution of nitrogen and insertion of alkali atom keep the tubes conducting. However, intercalation of halogen atoms causes both tubes to become semiconducting. We also have calculated insertion energy of ions in the N-doped carbon nanotubes. The results have shown that insertion of the ions is more favorable in the N-doped carbon nanotubes than in the pure ones. In the fourth part of the work, we have taken into account the presence of counterions. For this purpose we have tried insertion of alkali halide monomers (LiF, LiCl and NaCl), a chain of NaCl in nanotube, as well as presence of water molecules with NaCl monomer in a carbon nanotube. Therefore, the (5,5)CNT as electrode material has been chosen. In all the investigated systems, the ions and the molecules are not chemically bound to the carbon nanotube wall. In the case of alkali halide monomers there is no strong charge transfer with the nanotube. However, for the chain of NaCl this interaction is stronger, while the main charge transfer is between the alkali and halide ions in the chain. Water does not exchange charge with the nanotube. Nonetheless, it tries to hydrate the alkali and halide ions confined in the tube.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Open Access Reposito...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2017
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2017
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    Authors: Pasha, Mochamad; Rockmore, Marc; Tan, Chih Ming;

    We study the effect of early life exposure to above average levels of rainfall on adult mental health. While we find no effect from pre-natal exposure, post-natal positive rainfall shocks decrease average Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) mental health scores by 15 percent and increase the likelihood of depression by 5 percent, a more than 20 percent increase relative to the mean. These effects are limited to females. We rule out prenatal stress and income shocks as pathways and find evidence suggestive of increased exposure to disease. CINCH working paper series, vol. 2018, no. 5

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Research . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Research . 2018
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    Authors: Solak, Nuri;

    Strontium- and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) perovskite-type compounds and doped ceria-based materials have recently been considered the most promising solid electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications. While nickel metal is commonly used for the fabrication of cermet-type anodes, the rare earth nickelates, such as Sr-doped La2NiO4 (LSN), are recently developed high-performance cathode materials. For successful implementation in IT-SOFC, it is therefore essential to know the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties for systems representing the solid electrolyte and electrode materials across their various combinations. This thesis aims to determine the phase equilibria and the thermodynamics of the relevant phases in the systems La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O, and Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Subsystems of these multi-component systems were thermodynamically modeled, based on the available literature and experimental data obtained from this work. The experimental studies were designed based on the calculated phase diagrams. A minimum number of compositions was chosen strategically to obtain a preliminary prediction of the phases in equilibrium in each constituent subsystem. Finally, the experimental and computational results were used to predict the compatibility/reactivity of IT-SOFC components under fabrication and/or operation conditions. Various experimental techniques were employed for determination of the phase equilibria such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning and Adiabatic Calorimetry, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The CALPHAD-method (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) and THERMOCALC software were used to obtain self-consistent sets of Gibbs energy functions. The following systems were investigated experimentally: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Gd-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Sr-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O and Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Using results from this experimental work and data from the literature, the following systems were thermodynamically modeled: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O and Gd-Sr-O. The systems, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, and Ce-Gd-Ni-O were extrapolated using parameters optimized from the constituent lower-order systems. In the La-Ni-O system, the enthalpy of formation, entropy and heat capacity of La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10, and LaNiO3, were determined experimentally for the first time using equilibration with the gas phase, adiabatic calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. In the La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O and La-Mg-Ni-O systems, extended solid solutions of La(Ga,Ni)O3, La2(Ni,Ga)O4, La4(Ni,Ga)3O10, (La,Sr)2NiO4, and La2(Ni,Mg)O4 were found, and the limits of their homogeneity ranges have been established for the first time. In addition, the compound LaNiGa11O19, with a magnetoplumbite-type structure was identified, which has not been reported in the literature to date. In the La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O system, the temperature dependence of the quasi-quaternary homogeneity range of La(Ga,Mg,Ni)O3 was determined. In the La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O system, a reaction was observed between LaGaO3 and LaSrNiO4 that formed a melilite-type La1-xSr1+xGa3O7+z, LaGaSrO4 and NiO phase. Similar reaction mechanisms were observed in the La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O system. Experiments in the Ce-Ni-O system were conducted in air as well as in a reducing atmosphere. It has been found that NiO does not react with CeO2. In the Ce-Sr-O system, the entropy and heat capacity of Sr2CeO4 were experimentally determined for the first time. In the Gd-Ni-O system a eutectic reaction was observed (liquid <=> B-Gd2O3 + NiO). The Gd-Sr-O system was modeled thermodynamically based on data from the literature and the experimentally determined homogeneity range on the Gd2O3-rich site. In the Ce-Sr-Ni-O system the solid solution of (Ce,Sr)2NiO4-z was determined. No reaction between NiO and SrCeO3 / Sr2CeO4 was found. Similarly, in the Ce-Gd-Ni-O system, no reaction was observed between (Ce,Gd)O2-z and NiO. In contrast, solid solutions of Sr(Ce,Gd)O3, Sr2(Ce,Gd)O4 and (Gd,Sr)2(Sr,Ce)O4 were determined in the Ce-Gd-Sr-O system. Also, an extended solid solution of (Gd,Sr)2NiO4 was found in the Gd-Sr-Ni-O system that does not exist in the quasi-binary sections, but is stable in higher-order systems only because a solid solution is formed. It has been also found that there is no NiO solubility in the Gd2SrO4 phase. It could be concluded that doped ceria-based materials are chemically compatible with NiO during conditions typical for both the fabrication and the operation of IT-SOFC’s, whereas LSGM-type electrolytes react with NiO under the fuel cell fabrication conditions. Moreover, although La2NiO4 is a high-performance cathode, it cannot be used in combination with LSGM- or CGO-type electrolytes, due to its reactivity with both of these materials under fabrication conditions. Strontium- und Magnesium- dotierte Lanthangallat Verbindungen des Perowskit-Typs und dotierte Ceroxid-basierte Materialien (DC) wurden kürzlich als hoffnungsvolle Festelektrolyte für die Festoxidbrennstoffzelle bei intermediärer Temperatur (IT-SOFC) betrachtet. Normalerweise wird metallisches Nickel zur Herstellung der Komposit-Anode verwendet, wobei neuerdings die Nickelate von Seltenerdmetallen, wie z.B. Sr-dotierte La2NiO4 (LSN), zur Hochleistungskathode entwickelt werden. Um IT-SOFC erfolgreich herzustellen und auszunutzen sind die Kenntnisse der Phasengleichgewichten und Thermodynamik für Systeme notwendig, welche die Kathoden, Festelektrolyt, Anoden und ihre mögliche Kombinationen repräsentieren. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Phasengleichgewichten und Thermodynamik von La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O und Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O Systeme zu bestimmen. Die Subsysteme wurden thermodynamisch berechnet auf der Basis von Literaturdaten, während die experimentelle Untersuchungen durch berechnete Phasendiagramm entworfen wurden, wodurch weniger Aufwand benötigt wurde. Schließlich wurden die experimentellen und rechnerischen Ergebnisse verwendet, um die Kompatibilität und Reaktivität von IT-SOFC Komponenten unter Herstellung- und Arbeitsbedingungen vorauszusagen. Für die experimentelle Bestimung der Phasengleichgewichte der Systeme wurden verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden verwendet, wie z.B. Rasterelektronmikroskopie (REM), Energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX), Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie und Thermogravimetrie. Die CALPHAD-Methode (Calculation of PHAse Diagrams) mit THERMOCALC Software wurde auch verwendet, um eine selbstkonsequente Reihe von freien Enthalpie Funktionen zu bekommen. Die folgenden Systeme wurden experimentell untersucht: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Gd-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Sr-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Durch erhaltenen Ergebnisse und Literaturdaten wurden thermodynamische Modelle für die folgenden Systemen gestellt: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O. Mit optimierte Parameter von Systemen niedrigerer Ordnung wurden die Systeme La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, und Ce-Gd-Ni-O extrapoliert. Im La-Ni-O System wurden die Bildungsenthalpie, Entropie und Wärmekapazität von La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10 und LaNiO3 durch Gleichgewicht mit Gasphase, adiabatische Kalorimetrie und Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie experimentell bestimmt. In den La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O Systeme wurden erweiterten Mischkristalle La(Ga,Ni)O3, La2(Ni,Ga)O4, La4(Ni,Ga)3O10, (La,Sr)2NiO4 und La2(Ni,Mg)O4 gefunden und ihre Homogenitätsbereichen bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurden die Magnetoplumbite-Typ Verbindung LaNiGa11O19 gefunden, die bislang noch nicht in der Literaturen bekannt war. Im La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O System wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit von La(Ga,Mg,Ni)O3 Homogenitätsbereich untersucht. Im La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O System wurde eine Reaktion zwischen LaGaO3 und LaSrNiO4 untersucht, die Melilite-Typ La1-xSr1+xGa3O7+z, LaGaSrO4 und NiO bildet. Der gleiche Reaktionsmechanismus wurde auch im La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O System beobachtet. Die Experimente für Ce-Ni-O System wurden sowohl an Luft als auch im Reduktions- Atmosphäre durchgeführt. Es wurde gefunden, dass NiO nicht mit CeO2 reagiert. Für Ce-Sr-O System wurden zuerst die Entropie und Wärmekapazität von Sr2CeO4 experimentell bestimmt. Für Gd-Ni-O System wurde eine eutektische Reaktion (Schmelze <=> B-Gd2O3 + NiO) untersucht. Für das Gd-Sr-O System wurde ein thermodynamisches Modell aus Literaturdaten aufgestellt und auf Gd2O3-reichen Seite die Homogenitätsbereiche experimentell untersucht. Im Ce-Sr-Ni-O System wurde auf SrO-reichen Seite das Mischkristall (Ce,Sr)2NiO4-z untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass keine Reaktion zwischen NiO und SrCeO3 / Sr2CeO4 stattgefunden hat. Im Ce-Gd-Ni-O System wurde keine Reaktion zwischen (Ce,Gd)O2-z und NiO gefunden. Im Ce-Gd-Sr-O System wurden Mischkristalle Sr(Ce,Gd)O3, Sr2(Ce,Gd)O4 und (Gd,Sr)2(Sr,Ce)O4 untersucht. Im Gd-Sr-Ni-O System wurde ein Mischkristall (Gd,Sr)2NiO4 untersucht, der in quasi-binären Schnitten nicht existiert, aber im System höherer Ordnung stabilisiert wird. Es wurde auch gefunden, dass in die Gd2SrO4 Phase keine NiO gelöst wird. Daraus kann man schliessen, dass dotierte Ceroxide (DC) basierte Materialien mit NiO während der Herstellung und Betrieb von IT-SOFC chemisch kompatibel sind, wobei LSGM Elektrolyte unter Herstellungsbedingungen in der Zelle mit NiO reagieren. Obwohl La2NiO4 eine Hochleistungskathode ist, lässt es sich nicht in Kombination mit LSGM oder DC benutzen, weil es mit den beiden Materialien unter Herstellungsbedingungen in der Zelle miteinander reagiert.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2007
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2007
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    Authors: Kreymann, G; Adolph, M; Mueller, MJ; Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine;

    The energy expenditure (24h total energy expenditure, TEE) of a healthy individual or a patient is a vital reference point for nutritional therapy to maintain body mass. TEE is usually determined by measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry or by estimation with the help of formulae like the formula of Harris and Benedict with an accuracy of ±20%. Further components of TEE (PAL, DIT) are estimated afterwards. TEE in intensive care patients is generally only 0–7% higher than REE, due to a low PAL and lower DIT. While diseases, like particularly sepsis, trauma and burns, cause a clinically relevant increase in REE between 40–80%, in many diseases, TEE is not markedly different from REE. A standard formula should not be used in critically ill patients, since energy expenditure changes depending on the course and the severity of disease. A clinical deterioration due to shock, severe sepsis or septic shock may lead to a drop of REE to a level only slightly (20%) above the normal REE of a healthy subject. Predominantly immobile patients should receive an energy intake between 1.0–1.2 times the determined REE, while immobile malnourished patients should receive a stepwise increased intake of 1.1–1.3 times the REE over a longer period. Critically ill patients in the acute stage of disease should be supplied equal or lower to the current TEE, energy intake should be increased stepwise up to 1.2 times (or up to 1.5 times in malnourished patients) thereafter. GMS German Medical Science; 7:Doc25; ISSN 1612-3174

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    PubMed Central
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    GMS German Medical Science
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    German Medical Science
    Article . 2009
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      GMS German Medical Science
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      German Medical Science
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    Authors: Nikendei, C; Cranz, A; Bugaj, TJ;

    Der vorliegende Kommentar wirft die Frage auf, ob die COVID-19-Pandemie als eine Generalprobe für das zu sehen ist, was uns in der bevorstehenden Klimakrise erwartet. Eine Vielzahl an Faktoren hat dazu beitragen, dass wir die Herausforderung der Corona-Pandemie aktiv bewältigen konnten und können. Hierzu gehören: die Integration von Wissenschaftlichkeit, der Einbezug von Medizinstudierenden, Lehre und Digitalisierung als Impulsgeber, Informationen über das SARS-CoV-2-Virus, deren Integration in die Curricula und nicht zuletzt eine handlungsbezogene Forschung. Die Klimakrise wird uns jedoch im Sinne einer „Premiere der Klima-Pandemie“ aller Voraussicht nach vor noch größere Bedrohungen und Schwierigkeiten stellen. Die Beachtung und Integration wissenschaftlicher Evidenz, die Lehre über die Auswirkungen der globalen Erwärmung, die bewusste Wahrnehmung ärztlicher Rollen- und Vorbildfunktionen sowie die Digitalisierung können dabei als Handlungsimpulse von besonderer Relevanz sein. In the present commentary, we raise the question whether the COVID-19 pandemic should be seen as just the dress rehearsal for what awaits us in the impending climate crisis. Many factors have helped us navigate the challenge of this coronavirus pandemic and continue to do so. These include: recognizing scientific expertise, medical education, and digitalization as important driving forces, providing us with key information about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as integrating it into our curricula and promoting action-oriented research. However, the “premiere of the climate pandemic” will, in all likelihood, confront us with even greater challenges, difficulties, and threats. Adhering to scientific findings, promoting medical education about the effects of global warming and using the power of digitalization, as well as consciously engaging in our role as medical caregivers and leaders will make a decisive contribution to providing impetus for climate action. GMS Journal for Medical Education; 38(1):Doc29

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.3205/zma...
    Article . 2021
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2021
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    GMS Journal for Medical Education
    Article . 2021
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    German Medical Science
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.3205/zma...
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
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      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2021
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      GMS Journal for Medical Education
      Article . 2021
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      German Medical Science
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Constant, Labintan Adeniyi; Constant, Labintan Adeniyi;

    Nowadays climate change event and poor population vulnerability become more severe and natural resources scarcity intensity increased. In order to mitigate climate change negative effects adaptive policies such as poverty reduction Strategy and National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) as effective’s responsive strategies. There are also farmers traditional adaptation methods which are consider as local mainstreaming climate change adaptation framework. This paper has explore subjective qualitative evaluation of climate change risk management framework strategic and link its with poverty reduction strategy in the Sahel .Sahel is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world with lower HDI(0.2%) and have the highest poverty rate (over 45% of the people live below the poverty line). The study was focused on 9 Sahel countries (Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina-Faso, Nigeria, Chad, Soudan and Eritrea) and their Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) by assessing criteria such as: a) the consideration of climate change scenarios and the vulnerabilities of the country; b) the analysis of poverty-climate links; and c) the climate change institutional framework of the country. However Soudan and Eritrea don’t have PRSP and Nigeria don’t have NAPA. The results show that most Sahel countries does not included Climate change 2 effect in their PRSP (except Burkina-Faso) but have a better performance with NAPA framework elaboration. Burkina-Faso is Climate risk management model country in the region but policies have failed because of farmer’s difficult conditions to get access to credit and lack of good technical supports. NAPA and PRSP objectives did not achieved because majority of poor were excluded, inefficiency in domestic accounting systems and inefficient monitoring. Furthermore, donors funding problems, natural disasters such as floods or droughts; biophysical modeling and simulation insufficient data, lack of skilled labor are others reason. To conclude, it is illustrates that mainstreaming natural hazards into PRSP and the development of NAPA are a step forward into establishment of institutional process to incorporate climate change into national policies. The World Bank and the UNFCCC should coordinate efforts to support developing countries in their efforts to incorporate adaptation to climate change in PRSP. Country need to strength the coordination, networks and information flows between ministries, at different levels of government and civil society to have more efficient integration of climate change variables into poverty reduction and development strategies. Country's should also have sustainable funding and should not rely only on donor. Policies should target more vulnerable peoples, need good policies implementation and good monitoring.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2011
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gourram, Sara;

    Many countries with different levels of development, have gathered together to combine efforts by signing the Paris Agreement to combat climate change. Consequently, countries are submitting Nation- ally Determined Contributions, which includes a set of strategies to be implemented at a country level to reduce national GHGs emissions. However, the already submitted Nationally Determined Contribu- tions, could be regarded as not sufficiently ambitious in terms of emissions reductions, and therefore, could lead to not reaching Paris Agreement environmental goals. Meanwhile, countries have different national features; nevertheless, the relationship between the success of environmental strategies in ac- cordance with a country ́s national features, has received less investigation among scholars. Therefore, the relationship between national dimensions and environmental strategies is highlighted and investi- gated in order to achieve Paris Agreement environmental goals, and consequently address the existing research gap. In this regard, few authors emphasize on existing relationship between produced emissions at national level and Hofstede cultural dimension. While other authors, demonstrate the role of decarbonizing logistics, among other strategies, in realizing significant emissions reductions to reach Paris Agreement environmental goals. It is arguable that there is less attention to logistics sectors among governments. Moreover, a deep analysis of the relationship between national circumstances of a country and different logistics actions did not receive important attention by governments. Therefore, the purpose of writing this dissertation is to investigate national factors influencing Nationally Determined Contributions and to develop a green logistics roadmap for China, Germany, and Morocco in line with Paris Agreement. The consideration of designed thinking approach is emphasized to create a model roadmap; this is mainly due to the suitability of adopting a designed thinking approach for complex environmental projects. The design thinking approach is structured into four main steps. The first step consists of understanding the Paris Agreement to establish a framework for implemented strategies in the studied countries. The second step investigates factors of influence; the results of literature review accentuate existing challenges of the Paris Agreement as its still ongoing negotiations; also the literature highlight critical sectors, including green logistics. Additionally, Hofstede cultural dimensions and climate change education, among other strategies, are considered factors of influence. Furthermore, a causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption is required in order to evaluate if the studied country has the capacity to increase its environmental pledges or if it will impact its economic growth. The third step highlights suitable organizational, technological and regulatory instruments, ad- ditionally to adequate logistics action suitable for each country-case. Last, the P, D, C, A is defined as an instrument of control to the created model roadmap in order to update the selected strategies. The created roadmaps for China, Germany and Morocco are based on selected strategies, that are suitable for each country in accordance with its national situation, including green logistics strategies, natural climate solutions and climate change education. This dissertation is among studies discovering and analyzing the link between national factors of influence and the choice of strategies to be submitted as Nationally Determined Contributions.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.26092/el...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.26092/el...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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173 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schilling, Friederike; Baumüller, Heike; Ecuru, Julius; von Braun, Joachim;

    The IPCC stresses the importance of achieving net-zero CO2 emissions worldwide by 2050 and natural climate solutions, particularly carbon farming, can play a significant role in this goal. However, current markets do not account for environmental externalities, which creates a mismatch between individual costs and societal benefits. Payment systems linked to carbon farming practices could help bridge this gap. Research is essential to develop effective agricultural carbon markets, and this study focuses on the opportunities and challenges faced by smallholder farmers in these markets. The research examines four areas: agricultural markets as a funding source for carbon farming, payments for carbon sequestration, opportunities for smallholder farmers, and cost-effective monitoring and verification of carbon stocks. Further research is needed to monitor carbon sequestration accurately, reduce GHG emissions, and develop institutional arrangements to promote sustainable production methods in Africa.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bonndoc - The Reposi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Research . 2023
    Data sources: EconStor
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ bonndoc - The Reposi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Research . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Agbaam, Callistus; Perez Arredondo, Ana Maria; Alatinga, Kennedy; Bender, Katja;

    In the last two decades, studies that analyse the political economy of sustainable energy transitions have increasingly become available. Yet very few attempts have been made to synthesize the factors discussed in the growing literature. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature on the political economy of sustainable energy transitions. Using a well-defined search strategy, a total of 36 empirical contributions covering the period 2008 to 2022 are reviewed full text. Overall, the findings highlight the role of vested interest, advocacy coalitions and green constituencies, path dependency, external shocks, policy and institutional environment, political institutions and fossil fuel resource endowments as major political economy factors influencing sustainable energy transitions across both high income countries, and low and middle income countries. In addition, the paper highlights and discusses some critical knowledge gaps in the existing literature and provides suggestions for a future research agenda. IZNE Working Paper Series; Nr. 23/3

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Research . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Research . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    In light of the escalating economic influence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the intricate interplay of sustainability, innovation, and export performance assumes paramount significance. This study focuses on French SMEs in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARA) region, exploring the relatively uncharted territory of a synergistic approach to sustainability and innovation. Through a 2022-2023 field survey of 290 SMEs, employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models, the research investigates the potential enhancement of export performance through this synergistic approach. The study reveals a positive impact, emphasizing the significance of sustainability certifications (EUR 24,416 additional export turnover per certification), R&D investment (EUR 1.38 boost per euro invested), and environmental patents (EUR 64,439 per patent). Qualitative insights enrich the understanding of challenges and opportunities, especially in terms of environmental footprint reduction. The findings underscore the need for prioritizing sustainability and innovation by French SMEs to thrive in export markets, with implications for policymakers in designing initiatives. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between sustainability, innovation, and export performance, providing practical guidance for SMEs and a methodological foundation for future regional research.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Mohammadzadeh, Leila;

    Increasing demand for clean, globally available energy, provokes the development of alternative or nonconventional energy storage sources with higher energy density and power delivery. Therefore, supercapacitors have received great attention in both academic and industrial research. In addition, supercapacitors are promising new sources of energy in the future energy technology. Hence, rapid progress has been made to understand their fundamentals and applicable aspects. Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, bridge the gap between batteries and con- ventional capacitors, which means that supercapacitors can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and can store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume than fuel cells. Su- percapacitors are well known not only because of their huge energy density, but also due to their long shelf and good cyclic ability. The particular properties of supercapacitors are due to utiliza- tion of electrode materials with very high porosity, and also the specific mechanism of charge storage. In general, there are two fundamental chemical and physical mechanisms for energy storage. In chemical mechanism the charges are released through oxidation-reduction reaction. However, in the physical mechanism the electrical energy is stored physically with electrostatic interaction, while no chemical and phase changes occur. Hence, according to theses charge storage mechanisms supercapacitors are divided into three main groups: electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors and hybrid capacitors. Each of these supercapacitors has its own ad- vantages and disadvantages. These three different kind of supercacaitors are distinguished by their charge storage mechanism and also their electrode materials. Electrical double layer capacitors store the charge based on physical mechanism, and also various types of carbon are used as electrode material. Pseudocapacitors save energy via electro- chemical redox reactions. Besides, these capacitors utilize metal oxides and conducting polymers as electrode material. Hybrid capacitors are another class of supercapacitors, which are constructed of two different types of electrode materials. Therefore, the mechanism of energy storage is a com- bination of both chemical and physical mechanisms. The most used electrode materials in these supercapacitors are a composition of carbon-based materials with either conducting polymers or metal oxide materials. In this work electrical double layer capacitors have captured our attention because of both their interesting energy storage mechanism and also their electrode materials. Electrode material is one of the most important factors in the performance of an electro- chemical energy storage device. Therefore, innovation of new electrode materials is one of the most attractive topics in recent investigations. Especially carbon based electrodes such as carbon nanofibers, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) etc. with their porous structure can pro- vide very huge surface area, consequently immense capacity. Among the examined carbon based materials carbon nanotubes are one of the most interesting because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In fact, special properties of carbon nanotubes such as individual tubular structure, very high chemical stability, low resistivity, high thermal and electrical conductivity and enormous surface area make them good candidates for electrode material in electrical double layer capacitors. Carbon nanotubes are divided into three main groups such as zigzag, armchair and chi- ral tubes. Based on their electronic structure, carbon nanotubes can have metallic or semimetallic characteristic. As mentioned above the huge capacity of carbon materials is due to their massive surface area. Furthermore, in the case of carbon nanotubes both the inner and outer walls can be available for electrolyte ions. At first it was thought, that very narrow pores do not participate in the forma- tion of double layer and energy storage. However, experimental investigations proved, that very narrow pores (lower than 1nm size) not only participate in energy storage, but also exhibit an enor- mous increase of capacitance. Later, theoretical findings showed that the image charge between ion and pore wall screen the repulsion between the ions. This leads to a denser packing of ions, consequently increasing the electrode capacitance. In this work we have studied ion intercalation into carbon nanotubes with diameters lower than 1nm as electrode material by density functional theory. All the calculations have been done using the VASP package. The idea of this work is in that we have imagined carbon nanotubes as electrode materials immersed in solution. Hence, the electrolyte ions try to penetrate into the carbon nanotubes. This work is divided into four parts, which are as follows: In the first part, we have selected truncated carbon nanotubes or carbon nanorings, whoese ends are saturated with hydrogen atoms. In particular, the truncated carbon nanotubes are include the (6,0), (8,0), (10,0) and (12,0) carbon nanotubes. As electrolyte ions alkali (Li, Na and Cs) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) atoms have been tried. Meanwhile, we have neglected the presence of solvent or any counterpart. After simulation it was realized that all the alkali atoms have lost one electron, and also the halogen atoms have obtained one more electron, and also the stable position of all the ions is in the center of the tubes. The results have shown that the surrounding tubes screen the ionic charge very effectively, thereby the ion-ion interactions are strongly reduced, which explains, why narrow tubes store charge more effectively than wider one. We have calculated the insertion energies of the atoms into the tubes and understood that for each atom the diameter of the tube has to be optimized. In the second part of the work, we extended the model of short nanotubes to infinite ones. In particular, we have chosen the (6,2)CNT, the (6,3)CNT, the (8,0)CNT and the (5,5)CNT as electrode material. Among the presented carbon nanotubes the (6,2)CNT and the (8,0)CNT are semimetallic, while the (5,5)CNT and the (6,3)CNT are metallic. Like in the previous work we have inserted alkali (Li, Na and Cs) and halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) atoms into the carbon nanotubes. The results have shown that the atoms were fully ionized. The charge exchange with the CNTs affects the band structure, and turns those tubes that were originally semiconductors into conductors. None of the ions is adsorbed chemically, their position inside the tube and their energies of adsorption are determined by a competition between electrostatic image interactions, which favor a position at the wall, and Pauli repulsion. In models for charge storage it is often assumed that in small tubes the ions are at the center, but we have found several cases where small alkali ions are positioned near the wall. We have also investigated the screening of the Coulomb potential along the axis of the tubes. In particular we wanted to see if there is a difference between semiconducting and conducting CNTs. Within the accuracy of our calculations we found no difference in the screening, because the charge transfer has made the non-chiral tubes conducting. In the third part of this work, we have investigated insertion of alkali and halogen atoms into nitrogen doped (N-doped) carbon nanotubes. Here, the (8,0)CNT and the (5,5)CNT have been chosen as electrode material. The results have shown that N-doped carbon nanotubes are less stable than the pure ones, and also the atoms were fully ionized. The position of the ions in the carbon nanotubes exhibits contradictory behavior in the (8,0)CNT than the (5,5)CNT. In fact, in the former one the ions have high repulsion from the impurity area and try to get away as far as possible. This effect is stronger in the case of small ions like Li+. However, in the (5,5)CNT the ions get closer to the nitrogen area. This behavior is caused by the difference in the spin density of carbon nanotubes. In other words, the spin density is more localized in the N-doped (8,0)CNT than the N- doped (5,5)CNT. Therefore, it causes big repulsion with the inserted ions. The nitrogen doping and charge exchange with ions affect the band structure of carbon nanotubes. Actually, substitution of nitrogen and insertion of alkali atom keep the tubes conducting. However, intercalation of halogen atoms causes both tubes to become semiconducting. We also have calculated insertion energy of ions in the N-doped carbon nanotubes. The results have shown that insertion of the ions is more favorable in the N-doped carbon nanotubes than in the pure ones. In the fourth part of the work, we have taken into account the presence of counterions. For this purpose we have tried insertion of alkali halide monomers (LiF, LiCl and NaCl), a chain of NaCl in nanotube, as well as presence of water molecules with NaCl monomer in a carbon nanotube. Therefore, the (5,5)CNT as electrode material has been chosen. In all the investigated systems, the ions and the molecules are not chemically bound to the carbon nanotube wall. In the case of alkali halide monomers there is no strong charge transfer with the nanotube. However, for the chain of NaCl this interaction is stronger, while the main charge transfer is between the alkali and halide ions in the chain. Water does not exchange charge with the nanotube. Nonetheless, it tries to hydrate the alkali and halide ions confined in the tube.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2017
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      Doctoral thesis . 2017
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    Authors: Pasha, Mochamad; Rockmore, Marc; Tan, Chih Ming;

    We study the effect of early life exposure to above average levels of rainfall on adult mental health. While we find no effect from pre-natal exposure, post-natal positive rainfall shocks decrease average Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) mental health scores by 15 percent and increase the likelihood of depression by 5 percent, a more than 20 percent increase relative to the mean. These effects are limited to females. We rule out prenatal stress and income shocks as pathways and find evidence suggestive of increased exposure to disease. CINCH working paper series, vol. 2018, no. 5

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Research . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Research . 2018
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    Authors: Solak, Nuri;

    Strontium- and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) perovskite-type compounds and doped ceria-based materials have recently been considered the most promising solid electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications. While nickel metal is commonly used for the fabrication of cermet-type anodes, the rare earth nickelates, such as Sr-doped La2NiO4 (LSN), are recently developed high-performance cathode materials. For successful implementation in IT-SOFC, it is therefore essential to know the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties for systems representing the solid electrolyte and electrode materials across their various combinations. This thesis aims to determine the phase equilibria and the thermodynamics of the relevant phases in the systems La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O, and Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Subsystems of these multi-component systems were thermodynamically modeled, based on the available literature and experimental data obtained from this work. The experimental studies were designed based on the calculated phase diagrams. A minimum number of compositions was chosen strategically to obtain a preliminary prediction of the phases in equilibrium in each constituent subsystem. Finally, the experimental and computational results were used to predict the compatibility/reactivity of IT-SOFC components under fabrication and/or operation conditions. Various experimental techniques were employed for determination of the phase equilibria such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning and Adiabatic Calorimetry, and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The CALPHAD-method (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) and THERMOCALC software were used to obtain self-consistent sets of Gibbs energy functions. The following systems were investigated experimentally: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Gd-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Sr-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O and Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Using results from this experimental work and data from the literature, the following systems were thermodynamically modeled: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O and Gd-Sr-O. The systems, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, and Ce-Gd-Ni-O were extrapolated using parameters optimized from the constituent lower-order systems. In the La-Ni-O system, the enthalpy of formation, entropy and heat capacity of La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10, and LaNiO3, were determined experimentally for the first time using equilibration with the gas phase, adiabatic calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. In the La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O and La-Mg-Ni-O systems, extended solid solutions of La(Ga,Ni)O3, La2(Ni,Ga)O4, La4(Ni,Ga)3O10, (La,Sr)2NiO4, and La2(Ni,Mg)O4 were found, and the limits of their homogeneity ranges have been established for the first time. In addition, the compound LaNiGa11O19, with a magnetoplumbite-type structure was identified, which has not been reported in the literature to date. In the La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O system, the temperature dependence of the quasi-quaternary homogeneity range of La(Ga,Mg,Ni)O3 was determined. In the La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O system, a reaction was observed between LaGaO3 and LaSrNiO4 that formed a melilite-type La1-xSr1+xGa3O7+z, LaGaSrO4 and NiO phase. Similar reaction mechanisms were observed in the La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O system. Experiments in the Ce-Ni-O system were conducted in air as well as in a reducing atmosphere. It has been found that NiO does not react with CeO2. In the Ce-Sr-O system, the entropy and heat capacity of Sr2CeO4 were experimentally determined for the first time. In the Gd-Ni-O system a eutectic reaction was observed (liquid <=> B-Gd2O3 + NiO). The Gd-Sr-O system was modeled thermodynamically based on data from the literature and the experimentally determined homogeneity range on the Gd2O3-rich site. In the Ce-Sr-Ni-O system the solid solution of (Ce,Sr)2NiO4-z was determined. No reaction between NiO and SrCeO3 / Sr2CeO4 was found. Similarly, in the Ce-Gd-Ni-O system, no reaction was observed between (Ce,Gd)O2-z and NiO. In contrast, solid solutions of Sr(Ce,Gd)O3, Sr2(Ce,Gd)O4 and (Gd,Sr)2(Sr,Ce)O4 were determined in the Ce-Gd-Sr-O system. Also, an extended solid solution of (Gd,Sr)2NiO4 was found in the Gd-Sr-Ni-O system that does not exist in the quasi-binary sections, but is stable in higher-order systems only because a solid solution is formed. It has been also found that there is no NiO solubility in the Gd2SrO4 phase. It could be concluded that doped ceria-based materials are chemically compatible with NiO during conditions typical for both the fabrication and the operation of IT-SOFC’s, whereas LSGM-type electrolytes react with NiO under the fuel cell fabrication conditions. Moreover, although La2NiO4 is a high-performance cathode, it cannot be used in combination with LSGM- or CGO-type electrolytes, due to its reactivity with both of these materials under fabrication conditions. Strontium- und Magnesium- dotierte Lanthangallat Verbindungen des Perowskit-Typs und dotierte Ceroxid-basierte Materialien (DC) wurden kürzlich als hoffnungsvolle Festelektrolyte für die Festoxidbrennstoffzelle bei intermediärer Temperatur (IT-SOFC) betrachtet. Normalerweise wird metallisches Nickel zur Herstellung der Komposit-Anode verwendet, wobei neuerdings die Nickelate von Seltenerdmetallen, wie z.B. Sr-dotierte La2NiO4 (LSN), zur Hochleistungskathode entwickelt werden. Um IT-SOFC erfolgreich herzustellen und auszunutzen sind die Kenntnisse der Phasengleichgewichten und Thermodynamik für Systeme notwendig, welche die Kathoden, Festelektrolyt, Anoden und ihre mögliche Kombinationen repräsentieren. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Phasengleichgewichten und Thermodynamik von La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O und Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O Systeme zu bestimmen. Die Subsysteme wurden thermodynamisch berechnet auf der Basis von Literaturdaten, während die experimentelle Untersuchungen durch berechnete Phasendiagramm entworfen wurden, wodurch weniger Aufwand benötigt wurde. Schließlich wurden die experimentellen und rechnerischen Ergebnisse verwendet, um die Kompatibilität und Reaktivität von IT-SOFC Komponenten unter Herstellung- und Arbeitsbedingungen vorauszusagen. Für die experimentelle Bestimung der Phasengleichgewichte der Systeme wurden verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden verwendet, wie z.B. Rasterelektronmikroskopie (REM), Energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX), Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie und Thermogravimetrie. Die CALPHAD-Methode (Calculation of PHAse Diagrams) mit THERMOCALC Software wurde auch verwendet, um eine selbstkonsequente Reihe von freien Enthalpie Funktionen zu bekommen. Die folgenden Systeme wurden experimentell untersucht: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Gd-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-O, Ce-Sr-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-Sr-Ni-O, Ce-Gd-La-Ni-O. Durch erhaltenen Ergebnisse und Literaturdaten wurden thermodynamische Modelle für die folgenden Systemen gestellt: La-Ni-O, La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O, Ce-Ni-O, Ce-Sr-O, Gd-Ni-O, Gd-Sr-O. Mit optimierte Parameter von Systemen niedrigerer Ordnung wurden die Systeme La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O, und Ce-Gd-Ni-O extrapoliert. Im La-Ni-O System wurden die Bildungsenthalpie, Entropie und Wärmekapazität von La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10 und LaNiO3 durch Gleichgewicht mit Gasphase, adiabatische Kalorimetrie und Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie experimentell bestimmt. In den La-Ga-Ni-O, La-Sr-Ni-O, La-Mg-Ni-O Systeme wurden erweiterten Mischkristalle La(Ga,Ni)O3, La2(Ni,Ga)O4, La4(Ni,Ga)3O10, (La,Sr)2NiO4 und La2(Ni,Mg)O4 gefunden und ihre Homogenitätsbereichen bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurden die Magnetoplumbite-Typ Verbindung LaNiGa11O19 gefunden, die bislang noch nicht in der Literaturen bekannt war. Im La-Ga-Mg-Ni-O System wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit von La(Ga,Mg,Ni)O3 Homogenitätsbereich untersucht. Im La-Sr-Ga-Ni-O System wurde eine Reaktion zwischen LaGaO3 und LaSrNiO4 untersucht, die Melilite-Typ La1-xSr1+xGa3O7+z, LaGaSrO4 und NiO bildet. Der gleiche Reaktionsmechanismus wurde auch im La-Sr-Ga-Mg-Ni-O System beobachtet. Die Experimente für Ce-Ni-O System wurden sowohl an Luft als auch im Reduktions- Atmosphäre durchgeführt. Es wurde gefunden, dass NiO nicht mit CeO2 reagiert. Für Ce-Sr-O System wurden zuerst die Entropie und Wärmekapazität von Sr2CeO4 experimentell bestimmt. Für Gd-Ni-O System wurde eine eutektische Reaktion (Schmelze <=> B-Gd2O3 + NiO) untersucht. Für das Gd-Sr-O System wurde ein thermodynamisches Modell aus Literaturdaten aufgestellt und auf Gd2O3-reichen Seite die Homogenitätsbereiche experimentell untersucht. Im Ce-Sr-Ni-O System wurde auf SrO-reichen Seite das Mischkristall (Ce,Sr)2NiO4-z untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass keine Reaktion zwischen NiO und SrCeO3 / Sr2CeO4 stattgefunden hat. Im Ce-Gd-Ni-O System wurde keine Reaktion zwischen (Ce,Gd)O2-z und NiO gefunden. Im Ce-Gd-Sr-O System wurden Mischkristalle Sr(Ce,Gd)O3, Sr2(Ce,Gd)O4 und (Gd,Sr)2(Sr,Ce)O4 untersucht. Im Gd-Sr-Ni-O System wurde ein Mischkristall (Gd,Sr)2NiO4 untersucht, der in quasi-binären Schnitten nicht existiert, aber im System höherer Ordnung stabilisiert wird. Es wurde auch gefunden, dass in die Gd2SrO4 Phase keine NiO gelöst wird. Daraus kann man schliessen, dass dotierte Ceroxide (DC) basierte Materialien mit NiO während der Herstellung und Betrieb von IT-SOFC chemisch kompatibel sind, wobei LSGM Elektrolyte unter Herstellungsbedingungen in der Zelle mit NiO reagieren. Obwohl La2NiO4 eine Hochleistungskathode ist, lässt es sich nicht in Kombination mit LSGM oder DC benutzen, weil es mit den beiden Materialien unter Herstellungsbedingungen in der Zelle miteinander reagiert.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
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    Authors: Kreymann, G; Adolph, M; Mueller, MJ; Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine;

    The energy expenditure (24h total energy expenditure, TEE) of a healthy individual or a patient is a vital reference point for nutritional therapy to maintain body mass. TEE is usually determined by measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry or by estimation with the help of formulae like the formula of Harris and Benedict with an accuracy of ±20%. Further components of TEE (PAL, DIT) are estimated afterwards. TEE in intensive care patients is generally only 0–7% higher than REE, due to a low PAL and lower DIT. While diseases, like particularly sepsis, trauma and burns, cause a clinically relevant increase in REE between 40–80%, in many diseases, TEE is not markedly different from REE. A standard formula should not be used in critically ill patients, since energy expenditure changes depending on the course and the severity of disease. A clinical deterioration due to shock, severe sepsis or septic shock may lead to a drop of REE to a level only slightly (20%) above the normal REE of a healthy subject. Predominantly immobile patients should receive an energy intake between 1.0–1.2 times the determined REE, while immobile malnourished patients should receive a stepwise increased intake of 1.1–1.3 times the REE over a longer period. Critically ill patients in the acute stage of disease should be supplied equal or lower to the current TEE, energy intake should be increased stepwise up to 1.2 times (or up to 1.5 times in malnourished patients) thereafter. GMS German Medical Science; 7:Doc25; ISSN 1612-3174

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    German Medical Science
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      German Medical Science
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    Authors: Nikendei, C; Cranz, A; Bugaj, TJ;

    Der vorliegende Kommentar wirft die Frage auf, ob die COVID-19-Pandemie als eine Generalprobe für das zu sehen ist, was uns in der bevorstehenden Klimakrise erwartet. Eine Vielzahl an Faktoren hat dazu beitragen, dass wir die Herausforderung der Corona-Pandemie aktiv bewältigen konnten und können. Hierzu gehören: die Integration von Wissenschaftlichkeit, der Einbezug von Medizinstudierenden, Lehre und Digitalisierung als Impulsgeber, Informationen über das SARS-CoV-2-Virus, deren Integration in die Curricula und nicht zuletzt eine handlungsbezogene Forschung. Die Klimakrise wird uns jedoch im Sinne einer „Premiere der Klima-Pandemie“ aller Voraussicht nach vor noch größere Bedrohungen und Schwierigkeiten stellen. Die Beachtung und Integration wissenschaftlicher Evidenz, die Lehre über die Auswirkungen der globalen Erwärmung, die bewusste Wahrnehmung ärztlicher Rollen- und Vorbildfunktionen sowie die Digitalisierung können dabei als Handlungsimpulse von besonderer Relevanz sein. In the present commentary, we raise the question whether the COVID-19 pandemic should be seen as just the dress rehearsal for what awaits us in the impending climate crisis. Many factors have helped us navigate the challenge of this coronavirus pandemic and continue to do so. These include: recognizing scientific expertise, medical education, and digitalization as important driving forces, providing us with key information about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as integrating it into our curricula and promoting action-oriented research. However, the “premiere of the climate pandemic” will, in all likelihood, confront us with even greater challenges, difficulties, and threats. Adhering to scientific findings, promoting medical education about the effects of global warming and using the power of digitalization, as well as consciously engaging in our role as medical caregivers and leaders will make a decisive contribution to providing impetus for climate action. GMS Journal for Medical Education; 38(1):Doc29

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.3205/zma...
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    German Medical Science
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      German Medical Science
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    Authors: Constant, Labintan Adeniyi; Constant, Labintan Adeniyi;

    Nowadays climate change event and poor population vulnerability become more severe and natural resources scarcity intensity increased. In order to mitigate climate change negative effects adaptive policies such as poverty reduction Strategy and National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) as effective’s responsive strategies. There are also farmers traditional adaptation methods which are consider as local mainstreaming climate change adaptation framework. This paper has explore subjective qualitative evaluation of climate change risk management framework strategic and link its with poverty reduction strategy in the Sahel .Sahel is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world with lower HDI(0.2%) and have the highest poverty rate (over 45% of the people live below the poverty line). The study was focused on 9 Sahel countries (Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina-Faso, Nigeria, Chad, Soudan and Eritrea) and their Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) by assessing criteria such as: a) the consideration of climate change scenarios and the vulnerabilities of the country; b) the analysis of poverty-climate links; and c) the climate change institutional framework of the country. However Soudan and Eritrea don’t have PRSP and Nigeria don’t have NAPA. The results show that most Sahel countries does not included Climate change 2 effect in their PRSP (except Burkina-Faso) but have a better performance with NAPA framework elaboration. Burkina-Faso is Climate risk management model country in the region but policies have failed because of farmer’s difficult conditions to get access to credit and lack of good technical supports. NAPA and PRSP objectives did not achieved because majority of poor were excluded, inefficiency in domestic accounting systems and inefficient monitoring. Furthermore, donors funding problems, natural disasters such as floods or droughts; biophysical modeling and simulation insufficient data, lack of skilled labor are others reason. To conclude, it is illustrates that mainstreaming natural hazards into PRSP and the development of NAPA are a step forward into establishment of institutional process to incorporate climate change into national policies. The World Bank and the UNFCCC should coordinate efforts to support developing countries in their efforts to incorporate adaptation to climate change in PRSP. Country need to strength the coordination, networks and information flows between ministries, at different levels of government and civil society to have more efficient integration of climate change variables into poverty reduction and development strategies. Country's should also have sustainable funding and should not rely only on donor. Policies should target more vulnerable peoples, need good policies implementation and good monitoring.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
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    Authors: Gourram, Sara;

    Many countries with different levels of development, have gathered together to combine efforts by signing the Paris Agreement to combat climate change. Consequently, countries are submitting Nation- ally Determined Contributions, which includes a set of strategies to be implemented at a country level to reduce national GHGs emissions. However, the already submitted Nationally Determined Contribu- tions, could be regarded as not sufficiently ambitious in terms of emissions reductions, and therefore, could lead to not reaching Paris Agreement environmental goals. Meanwhile, countries have different national features; nevertheless, the relationship between the success of environmental strategies in ac- cordance with a country ́s national features, has received less investigation among scholars. Therefore, the relationship between national dimensions and environmental strategies is highlighted and investi- gated in order to achieve Paris Agreement environmental goals, and consequently address the existing research gap. In this regard, few authors emphasize on existing relationship between produced emissions at national level and Hofstede cultural dimension. While other authors, demonstrate the role of decarbonizing logistics, among other strategies, in realizing significant emissions reductions to reach Paris Agreement environmental goals. It is arguable that there is less attention to logistics sectors among governments. Moreover, a deep analysis of the relationship between national circumstances of a country and different logistics actions did not receive important attention by governments. Therefore, the purpose of writing this dissertation is to investigate national factors influencing Nationally Determined Contributions and to develop a green logistics roadmap for China, Germany, and Morocco in line with Paris Agreement. The consideration of designed thinking approach is emphasized to create a model roadmap; this is mainly due to the suitability of adopting a designed thinking approach for complex environmental projects. The design thinking approach is structured into four main steps. The first step consists of understanding the Paris Agreement to establish a framework for implemented strategies in the studied countries. The second step investigates factors of influence; the results of literature review accentuate existing challenges of the Paris Agreement as its still ongoing negotiations; also the literature highlight critical sectors, including green logistics. Additionally, Hofstede cultural dimensions and climate change education, among other strategies, are considered factors of influence. Furthermore, a causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption is required in order to evaluate if the studied country has the capacity to increase its environmental pledges or if it will impact its economic growth. The third step highlights suitable organizational, technological and regulatory instruments, ad- ditionally to adequate logistics action suitable for each country-case. Last, the P, D, C, A is defined as an instrument of control to the created model roadmap in order to update the selected strategies. The created roadmaps for China, Germany and Morocco are based on selected strategies, that are suitable for each country in accordance with its national situation, including green logistics strategies, natural climate solutions and climate change education. This dissertation is among studies discovering and analyzing the link between national factors of influence and the choice of strategies to be submitted as Nationally Determined Contributions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.26092/el...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.26092/el...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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