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This article describes an innovative method for measuring lighting levels and other lighting parameters through the use of aerial imagery of towns and cities. Combined with electricity consumption data from smart electricity meters, it was possible to measure the energy efficiency of public lighting installations. The results of this study also confirmed that lighting measurements, installation material, luminaire position, and electricity consumption data can be easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The main advantage of this new methodology is that it provides information about lighting installations in large areas in less time than more conventional procedures. It is thus a more effective way of obtaining the data required to calculate the energy efficiency of lighting levels and electricity consumption. There is even the possibility of generating street lighting maps that provide local administrations with up-to-date information regarding the status of public lighting installations in their city. In this way, modifications or improvements can be made to achieve greater energy savings and, if necessary, to correct the distribution or configuration of public lighting systems to make them more efficient and sustainable. This research studied levels of street lighting and calculated the energy efficiency in various streets of Deifontes (Granada), through the use of aerial imagery.

This paper introduces a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the purpose of fuel-optimal operation of a range-extender hybrid vehicle. The modern navigation system nowadays can provide abundant road information. Using this information, the proposed controller solves a global optimization problem offline in order to determine a preset trajectory of the state of charge (SoC). The online MPC uses the resulting SoC trajectory as set-points for the terminal state in every moving horizon. Repeating this process, the optimal energy management along the trip to be traveled can thus be calculated. This proposed control strategy is implemented in the commercial vehicle simulation environment IPG CarMaker. From the first simulation results, the proposed strategy shows a promising fuel saving potential with real-time capability.

This study focuses on formulating the most sustainable concrete by incorporating recycled concrete aggregates and other products retrieved from construction and demolition (C&D) activities. Both recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and recycled fine aggregates (RFA) are firstly used to fully replace the natural coarse and fine aggregates in the concrete mix design. Later, the cement rich ultrafine particles, recycled glass powder and mineral fibres recovered from construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are further incorporated at a smaller rate either as cement substituent or as supplementary additives. Remarkable properties are noticed when the RCA (4–12 mm) and RFA (0.25–4 mm) are fully used to replace the natural aggregates in a new concrete mix. The addition of recycled cement rich ultrafines (RCU), Recycled glass ultrafines (RGU) and recycled mineral fibres (RMF) into recycled concrete improves the modulus of elasticity. The final concrete, which comprises more than 75% (wt.) of recycled components/materials, is believed to be the most sustainable and green concrete mix. Mechanical properties and durability of this concrete have been studied and found to be within acceptable limits, indicating the potential of recycled aggregates and other CDW components in shaping sustainable and circular construction practices. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from EU Horizon 2020 Project VEEP ‘‘Cost-Effective Recycling of C&DW in High Added Value Energy Efficient Prefabricated Concrete Compo-nents for Massive Retrofitting of our Built Environment” (No.723582).

AbstractIn this paper a complete vehicle system simulation tool chain which applies a Multi Objective Optimization (MOO) methodology for designing the Electric Powertrain (ePT) of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is presented. Optimization scope includes all relevant electric powertrain components from battery, inverter, electric machine to gear box. In addition to cost, vehicle dynamics, energy consumption and range are further optimization targets. For an overall minimal system cost design a multiplicity of interactions between all powertrain components has to be taken into account. High system complexity prevents an expert to consider all relevant correlations without the support of numeric simulation tools. The presented simulation tool chain enables fast identification of the best cost/benefit trade off regarding system cost while considering all defined system performance requirements. The approach enables experts to find unconventional solutions which would have been overlooked applying a classical straight forward approach and, thus, helps to sharpen the expert's knowledge in cause-effect relationships on the system level. Typical use cases are given and illustrated by several practical examples.

It is crucial to reduce the energy penalties related to CO2 capture processes if CCS is to be implemented at industrial scale. In this context, gas-solid sorption has become a relevant technology. The absence of large amounts of water when using dry solid sorbents and their high heat capacity reduce the energy requirements in the gas-solid sorption CO2 capture process. Depending on the sorbent composition, the gas-solid sorption process carries out at high or low temperatures. High temperature sorbents allow the utilization of waste energy while energy requirements in low temperature processes will be less demanding. This study is focused on the assessment and comparison of the final energy penalty of low-temperature (amine impregnated alumina-based solid particles) and high-temperature solid sorbents capture process (calcium oxide).

Flexible butyl interconnection segments are synthetically incorporated into an electronically conductive poly(pyrene methacrylate) homopolymer and its copolymer. The insertion of butyl segment makes the pyrene polymer more flexible, and can better accommodate deformation. This new class of flexible and conductive polymers can be used as a polymer binder and adhesive to facilitate the electrochemical performance of a silicon/graphene composite anode material for lithium ion battery application. They act like a “spring” to maintain the electrode mechanical and electrical integrity. High mass loading and high areal capacity, which are critical design requirements of high energy batteries, have been achieved in the electrodes composed of the novel binders and silicon/graphene composite material. A remarkable area capacity of over 5 mAh/cm2 and volumetric capacity of over 1700 Ah/L have been reached at a high current rate of 333 mA/g.

AbstractThis report illustrates the experimental data associated with solar overheating. The experimental data has validated an analytical model which allows for the study of the influences a primary circuit's design has on the overheating of the solar tank.Secondly, the report includes a study of the stagnation in a solar facility. The evolution of the temperature in the hydraulic circuit by means of its measurement at 30 different points, together with the data of the pressure and flow, allow for the real behavior of the solar installation in stagnation conditions to be investigated.Finally, the study shows the measurements obtained on a solar thermal installation located in Alicante (southern Spain). Every installation has been monitored for several months and the main temperatures and pressures around the solar circuit have been noted. The measurements and their processing have allowed for the detection of overheating and stagnation problems in real operating conditions.