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Die vorliegende Arbeit geht auf die Grundlagen für den Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit im deutschen Verfassungsrecht ein.

Includes bibliographic references and indexes. ; Bd. 1. Geologie der Steinkohlen Deutschland's und anderer Länder Europa's / herausgegeben von H.B. Geinitz -- Bd. 2. Geschichte, Statistik und Technik der Steinkohlen Deutschland's und anderer Länder Europa's / von H. Fleck und E. Hartig -- [Bd. 3]. Atlas zur Geologie der Steinkohlen Deutschland's und anderer Länder Europa's / von H.B. Geinitz. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Anxiety disorders are frequent, with a 12-month prevalence of 14%, tend to be chronic, and display a high comorbidity with substance abuse disorders. Anxiety and substance abuse disorders are associated with a pronounced individual as well as socioeconomic burden. This article reviews the epidemiological, etiological, and clinical aspects of the dual diagnosis of anxiety and substance abuse disorders, with a particular focus on alcohol and cannabis. The treatment comprises nonpharmacological strategies, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy combined with elements of motivational interviewing (MI) and pharmacological management with antidepressants; however, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)/serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) is not unreservedly recommended. The use of gabapentinoids requires careful risk-benefit consideration because of their potential for abuse and dependence in substance abuse disorders. Benzodiazepines are reserved exclusively for crisis management. Rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation targeting both disorders are essential for successful treatment of comorbid anxiety and substance abuse disorders.

- presentation of the fluid power group, its facilities and technique; - focus of research in fluid power technology, especially hydraulic presses, die cushions, servopresses; - simulation technology and energy flow simulation to optimize the energy efficiency of hydraulic actuators - Trends aus der Sicht der aktuellen Arbeit.

Introduction The sleep inducing effects of alcohol as well as the increase in sleep propensity and sleepiness after sleep loss have been linked to the adenosinergic system in the brain. While the performance impairing effects of ethanol have partly been related to the inhibitory effects of cerebral adenosine, sleep loss has been found to increase adenosine receptor density. The interindividual variability of cognitive performance impairments after alcohol intake as well as after sleep loss is extensive. Thus, we examined in humans whether performance degradations resulting from sleep loss and alcohol consumption are related. Methods Performance in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was tested in 47 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 ± 5 (SD) years, 21 females) at 6 pm 1) after an 8 hour control night, 2) after alcohol consumption (aiming at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%), and 3) after 35 hours of total sleep deprivation. After alcohol intake, 35 of the participants reached a BAC of more than 0.06% prior to the performance testing (mean BAC 0.074%, SD 0.009%, min. 0.063%, max. 0.095%) and were included in the analyses. Two recovery nights were scheduled between conditions. Results Performance impairments due to acute alcohol intake and due to 35 hours of sustained wakefulness were calculated as differences from performance under control conditions. The degree in performance degradation correlated highly between both conditions (i.e. 10% slowest reaction times: Pearson’s r=0.73, p<0.0001; standard deviation of reaction times: r=0.75, p<0.0001; mean reaction time: r=0.59, p=0.0002). Conclusions Participants whose PVT performance proved to be vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption were also vulnerable to sleep loss, whereas individuals who were resilient against the effects of alcohol were also less susceptible to the impact of sleep deprivation. These results suggest that the effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation on performance are mediated – at least in part – by a common pathway that may involve the adenosinergic system in the brain.

"Herausgegeben von dem naturhistorischen Vereine für die preussischen Rheinlande." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Effect of ethanol on amino acids and related compounds in rat plasma, heart, aorta, bronchus, and pancreas. The composition of 36 amino acids and related compounds is presented for plasma, heart, aorta, bronchus and pancreas. The distribution pattern of these biochemicals is similar but not identical among the tissues. The effect of an acute dose of ethanol (2g/kg,IP) on these amino acids and related compounds was then studied. In the plasma, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, beta-alanine, glycine, phenylalanine, and serine are decreased. In the aorta, ammonia and taurine are decreased. In the heart, aspartic acid and leucine are decreased, and carnosine, GABA, glutamic acid, and ornithine are increased. In the pancreas, asparagine and taurine are decreased, and citrulline, cysteine, histidine and isoleucine are increased. In the bronchi, GABA, ethanolamine, histidine, taurine, and isoleucine are decreased. A number of correlations of some compounds in plasma or tissues were found but differed often between control and ethanol-treated animals. Ethanol-induced tissue changes generally do not correlate with plasma changes and are mostly specific for a given tissue. ; Effekte einer akuten Dosis Ethanol (2g/kg, IP) auf bestimmte Aminosäuren und verwandte Verbindungen wurden untersucht. Die Aminosäurespiegel bzw. deren Verteilung ist ähnlich, aber nicht gleich, in den verschiedenen Geweben. In den verschiedenen Geweben fanden wir teilweise erniedrigte Spiegel, teilweise aber auch erhöhte Spiegel nach Ethanol-Gabe. Diese Veränderungen bezogen sich 1. auf die einzelnen Aminosäuren oder 2. auf die unterschiedlich- en Gewebe. Eine Anzahl Korrelationen einiger Aminoverbindungen in Plasma oder Geweben wurde gefunden, waren aber oft unterschiedlich zwischen Kontroll- und Ethanolratten. Ethanol-induzierte Veränderungen in den Geweben korrelieren im Allgemeinen nicht mit den Veränderungen im Plasma und sind meistens für die untersuchten Gewebe spezifisch.

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Anreize für Hochschulen im Bereich der Weiterbildung und des Lebenslangen Lernens über die Instrumente der Hochschulsteuerung gesetzt werden. Wie werden Weiterbildung und Lebenslanges Lernen in der indikatorengesteuerten Mittelvergabe sowie in Hochschulpakten und Zielvereinbarungen abgebildet? Inwieweit kann die Gestaltung der Steuerungsinstrumente entsprechende Aktivitäten in den Hochschulen fördern? Zentral ist die Betrachtung der Hochschulsteuerung auf der Ebene zwischen Bundesland und Hochschulen. Vorgestellt werden erste Zwischenergebnisse einer länderübergreifenden Analyse, die im Zeitraum Juli bis Dezember 2012 an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg im Arbeitsbereich Weiterbildung und Bildungsmanagement (we.b) durchgeführt wurden. (DIPF/Orig.) Hochschule und Weiterbildung (2014) 1, S. 15-19

The research and development of new or improved energy technologies is a time consuming process. In addition, long capital lock-up periods in the energy sector mean that new, innovative technologies only enter the market very slowly. As a consequence of this, market requirements can only be met after a lenghty delay. In order to reduce the uncertainties associated with these time lags, the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) commissioned the study "Energy Technologies 2050 - Priorities for Research and Development" in summer 2008. The study aims to identify new accents in already existing R&D topics and new R&D topics from the perspective of public funding. The study should make a substantial contribution to directing research policy and setting priorities for non-nuclear energy research in the coming years. It prepares the ground for the new energy research programme and was carried out by a consortium of scientific research institutes and industrial companies. The topics of energy efficiency in industry, commerce, trade, services and households, renewable energy sources, energy storage, fossil-based energy transformation, electrical grids, hydrogen, stationary fuel cells and the methanol economy are being given priority in the project. New propulsion systems in the transport sector are excluded, but their repercussions for the supply system are being integrated, for example, the infrastructure for electrical mobility or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Nuclear fusion and fission are not part of the research project.