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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Blue Engineering AG TUHH;

    The Blue Engineer hat sich der Aufgabe gewidmet, über inner- und außeruniversitäre Themen mit Bezug zu ganzheitlich verstandener Nachhaltigkeit zu berichten.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
    Other literature type . 2013
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
      Other literature type . 2013
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenka, Thomas; Schröder, Paul Michael;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hydraulic Engineerin...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Hydraulic Engineering Repository (HENRY)
    Conference object . 2017
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hydraulic Engineerin...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Hydraulic Engineering Repository (HENRY)
      Conference object . 2017
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schröder, P.;

    For an enhancement in the time-space-yield of one-stage agricultural biogas plants, experiments for developing early warning indicators (EWI) for process failures and countermeasures for process stabilization and for adapting the substrate composition were conducted. A new EWI was developed, the A/elCon, the proportion of the concentration of organic acids to the electrical conductivity, which warned most effectively in lab- and full-scale experiments. As a countermeasure against process failures, the addition of different additives was tested. In general, the addition of additives counteracted over-acidifications at high organic loading rates (OLR). In contrast to increased OLRs without countermeasures, the microbial communities adapted to high OLRs, if additives were added, by an increase in the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic and acid tolerant mixotrophic methanogens. The combination of trace elements and NaOH was most beneficial for stabilizing agricultural biogas processes and was successfully used in combination with the A/elCon to maintain a long-term high-performance digestion (up to OLR = 7.5 kg VS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d). A further increase in the time-space-yield was achieved by co-digesting energy-rich lipid-containing substrates. As known from the digestion of biological waste, the high-performance co-digestions were stabilized by CaO additions leading to an aggregate formation. The stabilization was based on the precipitation of toxic long-chain fatty acids with calcium and thus the formation of surfaces for biofilms. Even a long-term high-performance co-digestion (up to OLR = 9 kg VS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d) was established by adding CaO. In this connection the formation of highly effective fatty acid degrading microbial consortia was detected consisting of syntrophic bacteria and hydrogenotrophic archaea that contributed to the process stability. Analyzing the microbial communities the results of the metagenome analysis and of the classical genetic fingerprinting via DGGE were compared. Both methods showed an increase in acidogenic bacteria and thereby especially in lactic acid producing bacteria with increasing loading rates. The results of the metagenome analysis were much more detailed. Zur Steigerung der Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute in einstufigen, landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen wurden Versuche zur Entwicklung von Frühwarnindikatoren (FWI) für Prozessstörungen und von Maßnahmen zur Prozessstabilisierung, sowie zur Substratzusammensetzung durchgeführt. Ein neuer FWI wurde entwickelt, der A/elCon, das Verhältnis aus der Konzentration organischer Säuren (engl.: org. acids) zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit (engl.: electr. conductivity), der im Labor und in der Großtechnik am effektivsten vor drohenden Prozessstörungen warnte. Als Maßnahme zur Prozessstabilisierung wurde die Zugabe von Additiven untersucht. Grundsätzlich wurde durch die Additivzugabe eine Übersäuerung bei hohen Raumbelastungen vermieden. Im Unterschied zur Leistungssteigerung ohne Additivzugabe, passte sich die mikrobielle Lebensgemeinschaft durch Zunahme der relativen Abundanz hydrogenotropher und säuretoleranter mixotropher Methanogener an hohe Raumbelastungen (BR) an. Eine Kombination aus Spurenelementen und NaOH eignete sich am besten zur Prozessstabilisierung und wurde zusammen mit dem A/elCon erfolgreich zur Etablierung einer Langzeit-Hochlast-Vergärung (bis BR = 7,5 kg oTS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d) von NawaRo eingesetzt. Eine weitere Leistungssteigerung wurde durch Co-Vergärung energiereicher lipidhaltiger Substrate erzielt. Wie aus Anlagen der Abfallwirtschaft bekannt, wurden die Hochlast-Co-Vergärungen bei CaO-Zugabe durch eine Aggregatbildung stabilisiert. Die Aggregate binden toxische, langkettige Fettsäuren und bilden Oberflächen für Biofilme. Es wurde auch eine Langzeit-Hochlast-Co-Vergärung (t > 100 d) durch Zugabe von CaO etabliert. Dabei wurde die Ausbildung einer hocheffektiven fettsäureabbauenden mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaft, bestehend aus syntrophen Bacteria und hydrogenotrophen Archaea detektiert, die entscheidend zur Prozessstabilität beitrug. Bei der Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Biozönosen wurden die Ergebnisse der Metagenomanalyse und des klassischen genetischen Fingerprintings mittels DGGE verglichen. Beide Methoden zeigten eine Zunahme acidogener Bacteria und dabei speziell von Milchsäurebakterien mit zunehmender Raumbelastung. Die Ergebnisse der Metagenomanalyse waren deutlich detaillierter.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Doctoral thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sucic, Darko;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein komponentenbasiertes Framework zur energetischen Bewertung heiz- und raumlufttechnischer Anlagen entwickelt. Heiz- und raumlufttechnische Anlagen können mit der Hilfe der Methode der Bedarfsentwicklung anhand ihres Energieaufwandes während der Planung und des Betriebes bewertet werden. Die Bewertung erfolgt durch: - die Feststellung des Energiebedarfs und der ihn zu beeinflussenden Größen mit Hilfe einer Gebäudesimulation - die Feststellung des Aufwands, der eine Anlage zur Befriedigung des Bedarfs benötigt, mit Hilfe einer Anlagesimulation - den kontinuierlichen Vergleich der durch die Messung gewonnenen Raum- und Anlagezustände mit simulierten Werten mit Hilfe einer gekoppelten Gebäude- und Anlagesimulation. Dem komponentenbasierten Framework liegt eine Architektur zugrunde, welche sich durch eine klare Trennung der Komponente Gebäude- und Anlagedatenmodell von den Berechnungskomponenten auszeichnet. Das Kernstück der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und die Implementierung der Komponente Gebäude- und Anlagedatenmodell aus Sicht der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung. Dabei liegen die Schwerpunkte auf der Behandlung von Fragen der Gebäudetechnik und hier insbesondere auf der Einbindung von Gebäude- und Anlagesimulationen während der Planung und des Betriebs. Der Rahmen für die Entwicklung des Datenmodells ist durch das aktuelle Austauschmodell der Industrieallianz für Interoperabilität (IAI) vorgegeben. Das Datenmodell erweitert dieses Austauschmodell um die Beschreibung heiz- und raumlufttechnischer Anlagen. Nach der Vorgaben der IAI ist es die Aufgabe des Datenmodells, den Datenaustausch zwischen Komponenten zu ermöglichen. Die Aufgaben des hier entwickelten Datenmodells gehen allerdings über den Datenaustausch hinaus, da es zur einheitlichen Beschreibung von Gebäuden und deren Anlagen während des gesamten Lebenszyklus dient. Dazu muss es dynamisch erweiterbar sein und eine so große Informationsdichte besitzen, dass die Daten in verschiedenen Phasen des Gebäudelebenszyklus ohne ...

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OPUS - Publication ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OPUS - Publication ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lindner, Jonas Philipp;

    Die anaerobe mikrobielle Konversion von Biomasse zu Biogas erfolgt über mehrere Prozessschritte, die aufgrund der beteiligten Mikroorganismen zur primären Gärung, sekundären Gärung und Methanbildung zusammengefasst werden können. Im Gegensatz zu einstufigen Verfahren soll in zweistufigen Biogasprozessen die primäre Gärung und die Methanogenese räumlich getrennt ablaufen, um den unterschiedlichen Milieuanforderungen der beteiligten Mikroorganismen besser entsprechen zu können. Für diese zweistufige Biogasproduktion sind in der Literatur viele verschiedene Kombinationen an Reaktortypen beschrieben. Die hauptsächlich für die Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen eingesetzten, diskontinuierlich betriebenen Perkolationsreaktoren haben den Nachteil, dass im Prozessablauf der pH-Wert nicht reguliert werden kann und somit keine konstante Säure- und Gasbildung möglich ist. Daneben werden geregelt wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde an der Landesanstalt für Agrartechnik und Bioenergie ein vollständig automatisiertes, kontinuierliches, zweistufiges Verfahren entwickelt und im Labormaßstab aufgebaut. Bei diesem Verfahren wurde ein Rührkesselreaktor mit integrierter Filtration zur Fest-Flüssigtrennung mit einem Anaerobfilter kombiniert. Der pH-Wert der ersten Prozessstufe konnte über die Rückführung von basischem Effluent aus dem Anaerobfilter reguliert werden. Um diese neu entwickelte Regulierung des pH-Wertes zu überprüfen und zu optimieren, wurde untersucht, (I) welcher Einfluss von den Substrateigenschaften auf den Abbaugrad und den Biogasertrag der zugeführten Biomasse ausgeht, (II) welcher pH-Wert in der ersten Prozessstufe einen optimalen Aufschluss der Biomasse ermöglicht, (III) ob durch eine kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung der Gärreste und deren Rückführung in den Prozess eine Steigerung des Gesamtmethanertrages der Biomasse erreicht werden kann. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass eine pH-Wert-Regulierung in der primären Gärung mittels einer Rückführung von basischem Effluent aus dem Anaerobfilter ohne Einsatz von Additiven mit einer sehr hohen Präzision möglich ist. Durch diese pH-Wert-Regulierung konnte eine konstante Säure- und Gasbildung erzielt werden. Die Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf den Abbaugrad von lignocellulosehaltigen Substraten zeigten ein Optimum, wie in der Literatur beschrieben, bei pH-Werten zwischen 7 und 8. Bei einem pH-Wert von 5,75 wurde im Vergleich zu den ermittelten Gasertragspotenzialen der Substrate im zweistufigen System eine Methanausbeute erzielt, die bei dem Substrat „Heu/Stroh“ um -70,6 % und bei dem Substrat „Maissilage“ um -31,3 % geringer ist. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte bei zuckerhaltigen Substraten kein Unterschied zwischen dem Batchtest und dem zweistufigen System ermittelt werden. Die Aufbereitung der Gärreste mittels der Kugelmühle zeigte keine Verluste an leicht flüchtigen Substanzen durch eine Erwärmung. Durch die mechanische Aufbereitung konnte eine Steigerung des spezifischen Methanertrages um 9 % bei der Aufbereitung des „Maissilage“ Gärrestes und um 17 % bei der Aufbereitung des „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrestes aus der zweistufigen Anlage erreicht werden. Bei der Aufbereitung des Gärrestes der Praxisanlage konnte eine Verdreifachung des spezifischen Methanertrages auf einem sehr geringen Niveau ermittelt werden. Die kombinierte mechanische/enzymatische Aufbereitung mit dem aeroben Pilz „lentinula edodes“ führt bei dem „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrest zu Verlusten der organischen Trockenmasse zwischen 58,2 % und 86,4 % und bei dem Gärrest der Praxisanlage zwischen 10,8 % und 18,4 %. Außerdem konnte bei dem „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrest ein Anstieg des Ligningehaltes ermittelt werden. Bei den Gärresten der zweistufigen Anlage führte die kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung zu einem Verlust der Methanausbeute von bis zu 86,4 %. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte der Gärrest der Praxisanlage einen Anstieg der Methanbildung um 134,5 %. Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass der Einsatz von zweistufigen Systemen im Sinne der „klassischen“ Biogasproduktion nur für leicht abbaubare Stoffe vorteilhaft ist. Wird auf eine Trennung der Milieubedingungen verzichtet, ist die Reaktorkaskade aus Rührkesselreaktor und Anaerobfilter aufgrund der Flexibilität, Prozessstabilität und hohen Belastbarkeit sehr gut zur Verwertung von Bioabfällen mit wechselnden Zusammensetzungen geeignet. Zudem konnten wesentliche Grundlagen für den Einsatz von innovativen Fermentationsverfahren, wie z.B. der Druckfermentation, gelegt werden. Die kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung scheint sowohl für die einstufige als auch für die zweistufige Biogasproduktion eine sinnvolle Alternative zur klassischen Substrataufbereitung zu sein und sollte in weiteren Projekten untersucht werden. The microbial conversion of biomass into biogas generally comprises several steps. These steps, are divided in accordance to the involved microorganisms and are often referred to as primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and methane formation. In contrast to single-stage, two-stage biogas system performs primary fermentation spatially separated from the methanogenesis in order to provide optimal milieu conditions for each group of microorganisms. There are many different reactor settings outlined in scientific literature for two-stage biogas production. For the digestion of energy crops or biowaste, discontinuously charged leach-bed reactors are often combined with anaerobic filters. The main disadvantage of this setup is the impossibility of regulating the pH-value in the first step, thus leading to fluctuating acid and gas production rates. To avoid this, new approaches aim to use continuous flow stirred-tank reactors for the process of primary fermentation, using chemical additives for the pH regulation. In the framework of this research, a process automation for a continuous two-stage system was developed and implemented in two lab scale plants at the State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy. Each laboratory plant comprised of a continuous stirred-tank reactor with an integrated filtration for solid-liquid separation and an anaerobic filter. In the primary fermentation stage, the adjustment of the pH-value was made by an indicatorbased return of alkaline effluent from the anaerobic filter. In order to evaluate and optimize the newly developed and completely automated pH-regulation system, this study investigated the (I) influence of the substrate characteristics on the degree of degradation and the biogas yields, (II) optimal pH-value for biomass degradation in the primary fermentation and (III) the possibility of enhancing methane yields by combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment of digestates with a subsequent refeeding into the process. The results of the investigations clearly showed the suitability of the system for a highprecision pH-regulation in primary fermentation for the tested pH-values 5.5, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.5. This unique technique enabled the continuous formation of organic acids and biogenic gases. Hay/straw, maize silage and sugar beet silage were digested at a pH-value of 5.75 in order to investigate the influence of different substrates on the two-stage system performance. Compared to the determined potential biogas yields, the recorded methane yields were 70.6 % lower for the hay/straw substrate and 31.3 % lower for maize silage in the two-stage system. Contrary to this, for sugar beet silage no difference in the gas yields between the batchtest and the two-stage system could be detected. Further investigations on the influence of pH-value on the degradation rate of lignocellulosic substrates showed an optimum pH between 7 and 8. The mechanical treatment of the digestates with the ball mill exhibited no losses of volatile solids through warming. The application of this procedure enhanced the specific methane yield from 9 to 17 % for maize silage digestate and hay/straw digestate respectively from the described laboratory plant. The treatment of the digestate obtained from a full-scale plant permitted a triplication of the specific methane yield at very low level. The combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment through the aerobic fungi “lentinula edodes” resulted in losses of volatile solids between 58.2 and 86.4 % for the hay/straw digestate and between 10.8 and 18.4 % for the substrate from the full-scale biogas plant depending on the incubation time. Furthermore, the investigations determined an increase in the lignin content of the hay/straw digestate by the combined treatment. Overall, using the digestate of the two-stage system, the mechanical/enzymatic treatment attributed to a methane yield loss by 86.4 %. In contrast, an increase of methane production by 134.5 % was observed with the full-scale digestates. This study has revealed that two-stage biogas systems are favorable only for easily degradable substrates. The phase separation was not beneficial for fiber rich substrates. Based on the results, a reactor cascade consisting of a continuous stirred-tank reactor and an anaerobic filter with similar milieu conditions seems to be well suited for the digestion of organic wastes. Due to the extraordinary high process stability, flexibility and high load capacity this system is very suitable for the treatment of substrates with extremely varying compositions. Moreover, within the study essential basics for the application of innovative fermentation procedures (e.g. pressure fermentation) were investigated. The combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment of digestates seems to be an interesting alternative to the established substrate pretreatment systems and it can be recommended also for single-stage biogas plants.

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    Authors: Quartier Zukunft; Parodi, Oliver; Trenks, Helena; Waitz, Colette; +3 Authors

    Dein Quartier und Du ist ein Buch über das Forschen, Machen und Loslegen - in Richtung einer guten Zukunft für uns alle. Wir stellen vier Experimente vor, die Ideen verwirklicht haben und erzählen Geschichten über Gemeinschaft, Entschleunigung, Nachhaltigkeit und darüber, wie diese ganz konkret gelebt werden können. Das Buch schlägt eine Brücke zwischen der wissenschaftlichen Reallaborforschung und der Lebendigkeit derer, die bereits begonnen haben, etwas zu ändern.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
    Book . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
      Book . 2020
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    Authors: Iversen, Nicola (Universität Hamburg); Klopitzke, Carolin (Universität Hamburg); Marchlowitz, Felicitas (Universität Hamburg);

    Working Paper Series "Sustainable Lives - Food Choices" Project website Dieses Working Paper entstand als Projektbericht im Seminar „Nachhaltige Lebensführung. Ernährung“ (M.A. Soziologie) im Wintersemester 2018/2019 unter der Leitung von Stefanie Kley und Alicia Dunker.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
    Research . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
    Research . 2019
    License: CC BY
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    Research . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
      Research . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
      Research . 2019
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      B2FIND
      Research . 2019
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    Authors: Jörg Blankenbach; Jan Echterhoff; Johannes Pinnekamp;

    Urban drainage infrastructure has to adapt to challenges such as climate change, but also to trends such as population and settlement development. At the same time, the opportunities offered by digitization can be used to meet these challenges. In this thesis, therefore, two geoinformation-based models are developed, which use the advancing digitization to contribute to the adaptation of urban drainage to demographic and climate change. An important aspect of municipal flood protection are nature-oriented measures for the rainwater management as part of water-sensitive urban development. According to the recognized rules of technology, the overriding goal of rainwater management is to approximate the natural water balance. The estimate of this target value is difficult to determine. The potential offered by decentralized rainwater management measures to achieve or approach this target as well. One geoinformation-based model pursues these two goals. The first goal is the estimation of the water balance deficit. The second goal is a limitation of the potential measures for the best compensation of this deficit. For this purpose, structural, geological and hydrogeological restrictions are taken into account. The model works exclusively with geo-referenced data and thus offers direct localization of the results. Furthermore, the model combines the approach of the empirically determined water balance distribution functions of the DWA-A 102 and a GIS-based calculation. The advantages of this combination are the scaling of a selectable study area and the on the fly consideration of restrictions for the measures of decentralized rainwater management. The second geoinformation-based model is an artificial neural network (ANN) for calculating flood areas caused by heavy rain. The trained ANN is suitable for known areas, works in real time and substitute a conventional hydrodynamic model. Therefore, a supervised learning multi-layer feed-forward ANN was set up and trained. After that, it was then examined and assessed for its suitability. For the substitution of a hydrodynamic numerical model for calculation of flooding risks (flood areas or surface runoff) by an ANN, the ANN must 'learn' the hydrological processes of the conventional model. For this learning process, the ANN requires input values that essentially determine the hydrological processes (e.g. precipitation, digital elevation model, type of sealing, barriers and culverts, etc.). Moreover, the AAN requires target values. For the ANN, the target values are areas with a certain height water level caused by a precipitation event (flood areas with flood level). These target values were first calculated using a hydrodynamic numerical model.The developed model shows that ANNs are more suitable than conventional hydrodynamic numerical models for certain applications due to their computing speed. Even if the generalizability of the trained ANN to other model areas could not be successfully demonstrated, the ANN however was able to predict good results for a sufficiently known range of values.The biggest advantage of the ANN is the low computing time for predicting flood areas. In contrast to hydrodynamic numerical models, the ANN predicts flood areas with sufficient accuracy in a few seconds. The application possibilities of the developed model thus specialize in cases in which these strengths are indispensable. One indispensability is the prediction of flood area caused by spontaneously and spatially limited heavy rain. This indispensability is also a demand of the municipal flood protection. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2021). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
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    Authors: Droste-Franke, Bert;

    Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von vorhandenen Ansätzen, ein geschlossenes Konzept für die Berücksichtigung von Schäden durch die Schadstoffbelastung der Umwelt als Ergänzung von Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, sogenannten Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR), abzuleiten und dieses anhand der Umweltbelastung durch Luftschadstoffe und toxische Substanzen durchzuführen. Ausgehend von der Diskussion der beiden übergeordneten Ziele für eine umweltverträgliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit, werden zunächst Unterziele in Form von Prioritäten aufgestellt. Aus ihnen wird dann auf der Basis vorhandener Konzepte zu Indikatoren und UGR ein System von aggregierten Indikatoren entwickelt. Zur Berechnung der Indikatoren wird die Methodik des erweiterten Wirkungspfadansatzes vorgestellt. Neben der detaillierten Diskussion von Konzentrationswerten und Gesamtschäden für 1990 und 1998 erfolgt eine Analyse des zeitlichen und räumlichen Imports und Exports von Schäden sowie der Schäden, die durch unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in Deutschland entstehen. Zusätzlich werden mit Hilfe der Indikatoren die Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und die Effizienz definierter Umweltziele beispielhaft für das Jahr 2005 untersucht. Zur Demonstration der Anwendbarkeit der berechneten Ergebnisse im Rahmen von UGR werden unter anderem beispielhaft Korrekturen der Wirtschaftsindikatoren durchgeführt, wie sie von Projekten der Europäischen Kommission und Aktivitäten der Vereinten Nationen in diesem Bereich vorgeschlagen werden. Die ermittelten gesamten Schadenskosten für die Jahre 1990 und 1998 in den EU-15 Staaten und Deutschland betragen mehrere Prozent des jeweiligen Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Die Analyse des Jahres 2005 hat gezeigt, dass die politischen Ziele für 2010 größtenteils bereits in 2005 eingehalten werden können. In einigen Ländern sind effiziente Minderungen über die Einhaltung der Ziele hinaus möglich. ; The objective of this thesis is to develop a consistent concept ...

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    Authors: Reddig, Kevin;

    Der Erfolg der Photovoltaik in Deutschland und der Welt basiert derzeit auf der indirekten Subventionierung durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) und vergleichbare Instrumente in anderen Regionen. Auch unter der Prämisse, dass der derzeitige Gestehungspreis für konventionell erzeugte Elektrizität die realen Kosten, bedingt durch mögliche zukünftige Umweltschäden und Ressourcenknappheit, nur unzureichend widerspiegelt, sind weitere Kostensenkungen in der Produktion unabdingbar. Durch den hohen Kostenanteil der Wafer am Modul liegt in der Waferfertigung das größte Kostensenkungspotential. Die Vereinzelung feuchter Siliziumwafer ist aus Durchsatz- und Qualitätsaspekten ein wichtiger Schritt in der Fertigung. Durch die hohe Bruchgefahr bei der Handhabung von Wafern kann die Vereinzelung auch wesentlich zur Kostenreduktion beitragen. Die in Literatur und Patenten beschriebenen Verfahren sind derzeit noch nicht in einem ausgereiften Zustand, um die Vereinzelung von Wafern sicher und zuverlässig durchzuführen. Daher sind weitere Anstrengungen in Forschung und Entwicklung nötig, um die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Gleichzeitig muss das Verständnis über die Vorgänge bei der Vereinzelung sowie die Einflüsse auf den Wafer weiter vertieft werden. Insbesondere das Schädigungspotential der Vereinzelung auf den Wafer bestimmt die Auslegung eines solchen Systems in besonderem Maße. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert zunächst die Ausgangssituation in der derzeitigen Waferproduktion. Die Umgebung in der Waferproduktion ist geprägt durch eine Vielzahl von Einflüssen, besonders durch flüssige Betriebsstoffe wie der Slurry oder auch den Reinigungsmedien. Die zu vereinzelnden Wafer sind fragile und spröde Substrate welche in dieser Umgebung verarbeitet werden müssen. Entsprechend vielseitig ist der derzeitige Stand der Technik zur Vereinzelung, welcher größtenteils in Patentschriften beschrieben ist. Zur weiteren Entwicklung eines Vereinzelungsverfahrens wird die Aufgabe weiter analysiert. Durch ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Blue Engineering AG TUHH;

    The Blue Engineer hat sich der Aufgabe gewidmet, über inner- und außeruniversitäre Themen mit Bezug zu ganzheitlich verstandener Nachhaltigkeit zu berichten.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
    Other literature type . 2013
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
      Other literature type . 2013
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Wenka, Thomas; Schröder, Paul Michael;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hydraulic Engineerin...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Hydraulic Engineering Repository (HENRY)
    Conference object . 2017
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hydraulic Engineerin...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Hydraulic Engineering Repository (HENRY)
      Conference object . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schröder, P.;

    For an enhancement in the time-space-yield of one-stage agricultural biogas plants, experiments for developing early warning indicators (EWI) for process failures and countermeasures for process stabilization and for adapting the substrate composition were conducted. A new EWI was developed, the A/elCon, the proportion of the concentration of organic acids to the electrical conductivity, which warned most effectively in lab- and full-scale experiments. As a countermeasure against process failures, the addition of different additives was tested. In general, the addition of additives counteracted over-acidifications at high organic loading rates (OLR). In contrast to increased OLRs without countermeasures, the microbial communities adapted to high OLRs, if additives were added, by an increase in the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic and acid tolerant mixotrophic methanogens. The combination of trace elements and NaOH was most beneficial for stabilizing agricultural biogas processes and was successfully used in combination with the A/elCon to maintain a long-term high-performance digestion (up to OLR = 7.5 kg VS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d). A further increase in the time-space-yield was achieved by co-digesting energy-rich lipid-containing substrates. As known from the digestion of biological waste, the high-performance co-digestions were stabilized by CaO additions leading to an aggregate formation. The stabilization was based on the precipitation of toxic long-chain fatty acids with calcium and thus the formation of surfaces for biofilms. Even a long-term high-performance co-digestion (up to OLR = 9 kg VS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d) was established by adding CaO. In this connection the formation of highly effective fatty acid degrading microbial consortia was detected consisting of syntrophic bacteria and hydrogenotrophic archaea that contributed to the process stability. Analyzing the microbial communities the results of the metagenome analysis and of the classical genetic fingerprinting via DGGE were compared. Both methods showed an increase in acidogenic bacteria and thereby especially in lactic acid producing bacteria with increasing loading rates. The results of the metagenome analysis were much more detailed. Zur Steigerung der Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute in einstufigen, landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen wurden Versuche zur Entwicklung von Frühwarnindikatoren (FWI) für Prozessstörungen und von Maßnahmen zur Prozessstabilisierung, sowie zur Substratzusammensetzung durchgeführt. Ein neuer FWI wurde entwickelt, der A/elCon, das Verhältnis aus der Konzentration organischer Säuren (engl.: org. acids) zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit (engl.: electr. conductivity), der im Labor und in der Großtechnik am effektivsten vor drohenden Prozessstörungen warnte. Als Maßnahme zur Prozessstabilisierung wurde die Zugabe von Additiven untersucht. Grundsätzlich wurde durch die Additivzugabe eine Übersäuerung bei hohen Raumbelastungen vermieden. Im Unterschied zur Leistungssteigerung ohne Additivzugabe, passte sich die mikrobielle Lebensgemeinschaft durch Zunahme der relativen Abundanz hydrogenotropher und säuretoleranter mixotropher Methanogener an hohe Raumbelastungen (BR) an. Eine Kombination aus Spurenelementen und NaOH eignete sich am besten zur Prozessstabilisierung und wurde zusammen mit dem A/elCon erfolgreich zur Etablierung einer Langzeit-Hochlast-Vergärung (bis BR = 7,5 kg oTS m 3 d 1, t > 100 d) von NawaRo eingesetzt. Eine weitere Leistungssteigerung wurde durch Co-Vergärung energiereicher lipidhaltiger Substrate erzielt. Wie aus Anlagen der Abfallwirtschaft bekannt, wurden die Hochlast-Co-Vergärungen bei CaO-Zugabe durch eine Aggregatbildung stabilisiert. Die Aggregate binden toxische, langkettige Fettsäuren und bilden Oberflächen für Biofilme. Es wurde auch eine Langzeit-Hochlast-Co-Vergärung (t > 100 d) durch Zugabe von CaO etabliert. Dabei wurde die Ausbildung einer hocheffektiven fettsäureabbauenden mikrobiellen Lebensgemeinschaft, bestehend aus syntrophen Bacteria und hydrogenotrophen Archaea detektiert, die entscheidend zur Prozessstabilität beitrug. Bei der Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Biozönosen wurden die Ergebnisse der Metagenomanalyse und des klassischen genetischen Fingerprintings mittels DGGE verglichen. Beide Methoden zeigten eine Zunahme acidogener Bacteria und dabei speziell von Milchsäurebakterien mit zunehmender Raumbelastung. Die Ergebnisse der Metagenomanalyse waren deutlich detaillierter.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Doctoral thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sucic, Darko;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein komponentenbasiertes Framework zur energetischen Bewertung heiz- und raumlufttechnischer Anlagen entwickelt. Heiz- und raumlufttechnische Anlagen können mit der Hilfe der Methode der Bedarfsentwicklung anhand ihres Energieaufwandes während der Planung und des Betriebes bewertet werden. Die Bewertung erfolgt durch: - die Feststellung des Energiebedarfs und der ihn zu beeinflussenden Größen mit Hilfe einer Gebäudesimulation - die Feststellung des Aufwands, der eine Anlage zur Befriedigung des Bedarfs benötigt, mit Hilfe einer Anlagesimulation - den kontinuierlichen Vergleich der durch die Messung gewonnenen Raum- und Anlagezustände mit simulierten Werten mit Hilfe einer gekoppelten Gebäude- und Anlagesimulation. Dem komponentenbasierten Framework liegt eine Architektur zugrunde, welche sich durch eine klare Trennung der Komponente Gebäude- und Anlagedatenmodell von den Berechnungskomponenten auszeichnet. Das Kernstück der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und die Implementierung der Komponente Gebäude- und Anlagedatenmodell aus Sicht der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung. Dabei liegen die Schwerpunkte auf der Behandlung von Fragen der Gebäudetechnik und hier insbesondere auf der Einbindung von Gebäude- und Anlagesimulationen während der Planung und des Betriebs. Der Rahmen für die Entwicklung des Datenmodells ist durch das aktuelle Austauschmodell der Industrieallianz für Interoperabilität (IAI) vorgegeben. Das Datenmodell erweitert dieses Austauschmodell um die Beschreibung heiz- und raumlufttechnischer Anlagen. Nach der Vorgaben der IAI ist es die Aufgabe des Datenmodells, den Datenaustausch zwischen Komponenten zu ermöglichen. Die Aufgaben des hier entwickelten Datenmodells gehen allerdings über den Datenaustausch hinaus, da es zur einheitlichen Beschreibung von Gebäuden und deren Anlagen während des gesamten Lebenszyklus dient. Dazu muss es dynamisch erweiterbar sein und eine so große Informationsdichte besitzen, dass die Daten in verschiedenen Phasen des Gebäudelebenszyklus ohne ...

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OPUS - Publication ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OPUS - Publication ...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lindner, Jonas Philipp;

    Die anaerobe mikrobielle Konversion von Biomasse zu Biogas erfolgt über mehrere Prozessschritte, die aufgrund der beteiligten Mikroorganismen zur primären Gärung, sekundären Gärung und Methanbildung zusammengefasst werden können. Im Gegensatz zu einstufigen Verfahren soll in zweistufigen Biogasprozessen die primäre Gärung und die Methanogenese räumlich getrennt ablaufen, um den unterschiedlichen Milieuanforderungen der beteiligten Mikroorganismen besser entsprechen zu können. Für diese zweistufige Biogasproduktion sind in der Literatur viele verschiedene Kombinationen an Reaktortypen beschrieben. Die hauptsächlich für die Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen eingesetzten, diskontinuierlich betriebenen Perkolationsreaktoren haben den Nachteil, dass im Prozessablauf der pH-Wert nicht reguliert werden kann und somit keine konstante Säure- und Gasbildung möglich ist. Daneben werden geregelt wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde an der Landesanstalt für Agrartechnik und Bioenergie ein vollständig automatisiertes, kontinuierliches, zweistufiges Verfahren entwickelt und im Labormaßstab aufgebaut. Bei diesem Verfahren wurde ein Rührkesselreaktor mit integrierter Filtration zur Fest-Flüssigtrennung mit einem Anaerobfilter kombiniert. Der pH-Wert der ersten Prozessstufe konnte über die Rückführung von basischem Effluent aus dem Anaerobfilter reguliert werden. Um diese neu entwickelte Regulierung des pH-Wertes zu überprüfen und zu optimieren, wurde untersucht, (I) welcher Einfluss von den Substrateigenschaften auf den Abbaugrad und den Biogasertrag der zugeführten Biomasse ausgeht, (II) welcher pH-Wert in der ersten Prozessstufe einen optimalen Aufschluss der Biomasse ermöglicht, (III) ob durch eine kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung der Gärreste und deren Rückführung in den Prozess eine Steigerung des Gesamtmethanertrages der Biomasse erreicht werden kann. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigten, dass eine pH-Wert-Regulierung in der primären Gärung mittels einer Rückführung von basischem Effluent aus dem Anaerobfilter ohne Einsatz von Additiven mit einer sehr hohen Präzision möglich ist. Durch diese pH-Wert-Regulierung konnte eine konstante Säure- und Gasbildung erzielt werden. Die Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf den Abbaugrad von lignocellulosehaltigen Substraten zeigten ein Optimum, wie in der Literatur beschrieben, bei pH-Werten zwischen 7 und 8. Bei einem pH-Wert von 5,75 wurde im Vergleich zu den ermittelten Gasertragspotenzialen der Substrate im zweistufigen System eine Methanausbeute erzielt, die bei dem Substrat „Heu/Stroh“ um -70,6 % und bei dem Substrat „Maissilage“ um -31,3 % geringer ist. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte bei zuckerhaltigen Substraten kein Unterschied zwischen dem Batchtest und dem zweistufigen System ermittelt werden. Die Aufbereitung der Gärreste mittels der Kugelmühle zeigte keine Verluste an leicht flüchtigen Substanzen durch eine Erwärmung. Durch die mechanische Aufbereitung konnte eine Steigerung des spezifischen Methanertrages um 9 % bei der Aufbereitung des „Maissilage“ Gärrestes und um 17 % bei der Aufbereitung des „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrestes aus der zweistufigen Anlage erreicht werden. Bei der Aufbereitung des Gärrestes der Praxisanlage konnte eine Verdreifachung des spezifischen Methanertrages auf einem sehr geringen Niveau ermittelt werden. Die kombinierte mechanische/enzymatische Aufbereitung mit dem aeroben Pilz „lentinula edodes“ führt bei dem „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrest zu Verlusten der organischen Trockenmasse zwischen 58,2 % und 86,4 % und bei dem Gärrest der Praxisanlage zwischen 10,8 % und 18,4 %. Außerdem konnte bei dem „Heu/Stroh“ Gärrest ein Anstieg des Ligningehaltes ermittelt werden. Bei den Gärresten der zweistufigen Anlage führte die kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung zu einem Verlust der Methanausbeute von bis zu 86,4 %. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte der Gärrest der Praxisanlage einen Anstieg der Methanbildung um 134,5 %. Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass der Einsatz von zweistufigen Systemen im Sinne der „klassischen“ Biogasproduktion nur für leicht abbaubare Stoffe vorteilhaft ist. Wird auf eine Trennung der Milieubedingungen verzichtet, ist die Reaktorkaskade aus Rührkesselreaktor und Anaerobfilter aufgrund der Flexibilität, Prozessstabilität und hohen Belastbarkeit sehr gut zur Verwertung von Bioabfällen mit wechselnden Zusammensetzungen geeignet. Zudem konnten wesentliche Grundlagen für den Einsatz von innovativen Fermentationsverfahren, wie z.B. der Druckfermentation, gelegt werden. Die kombinierte mechanisch/enzymatische Aufbereitung scheint sowohl für die einstufige als auch für die zweistufige Biogasproduktion eine sinnvolle Alternative zur klassischen Substrataufbereitung zu sein und sollte in weiteren Projekten untersucht werden. The microbial conversion of biomass into biogas generally comprises several steps. These steps, are divided in accordance to the involved microorganisms and are often referred to as primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and methane formation. In contrast to single-stage, two-stage biogas system performs primary fermentation spatially separated from the methanogenesis in order to provide optimal milieu conditions for each group of microorganisms. There are many different reactor settings outlined in scientific literature for two-stage biogas production. For the digestion of energy crops or biowaste, discontinuously charged leach-bed reactors are often combined with anaerobic filters. The main disadvantage of this setup is the impossibility of regulating the pH-value in the first step, thus leading to fluctuating acid and gas production rates. To avoid this, new approaches aim to use continuous flow stirred-tank reactors for the process of primary fermentation, using chemical additives for the pH regulation. In the framework of this research, a process automation for a continuous two-stage system was developed and implemented in two lab scale plants at the State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy. Each laboratory plant comprised of a continuous stirred-tank reactor with an integrated filtration for solid-liquid separation and an anaerobic filter. In the primary fermentation stage, the adjustment of the pH-value was made by an indicatorbased return of alkaline effluent from the anaerobic filter. In order to evaluate and optimize the newly developed and completely automated pH-regulation system, this study investigated the (I) influence of the substrate characteristics on the degree of degradation and the biogas yields, (II) optimal pH-value for biomass degradation in the primary fermentation and (III) the possibility of enhancing methane yields by combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment of digestates with a subsequent refeeding into the process. The results of the investigations clearly showed the suitability of the system for a highprecision pH-regulation in primary fermentation for the tested pH-values 5.5, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.5. This unique technique enabled the continuous formation of organic acids and biogenic gases. Hay/straw, maize silage and sugar beet silage were digested at a pH-value of 5.75 in order to investigate the influence of different substrates on the two-stage system performance. Compared to the determined potential biogas yields, the recorded methane yields were 70.6 % lower for the hay/straw substrate and 31.3 % lower for maize silage in the two-stage system. Contrary to this, for sugar beet silage no difference in the gas yields between the batchtest and the two-stage system could be detected. Further investigations on the influence of pH-value on the degradation rate of lignocellulosic substrates showed an optimum pH between 7 and 8. The mechanical treatment of the digestates with the ball mill exhibited no losses of volatile solids through warming. The application of this procedure enhanced the specific methane yield from 9 to 17 % for maize silage digestate and hay/straw digestate respectively from the described laboratory plant. The treatment of the digestate obtained from a full-scale plant permitted a triplication of the specific methane yield at very low level. The combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment through the aerobic fungi “lentinula edodes” resulted in losses of volatile solids between 58.2 and 86.4 % for the hay/straw digestate and between 10.8 and 18.4 % for the substrate from the full-scale biogas plant depending on the incubation time. Furthermore, the investigations determined an increase in the lignin content of the hay/straw digestate by the combined treatment. Overall, using the digestate of the two-stage system, the mechanical/enzymatic treatment attributed to a methane yield loss by 86.4 %. In contrast, an increase of methane production by 134.5 % was observed with the full-scale digestates. This study has revealed that two-stage biogas systems are favorable only for easily degradable substrates. The phase separation was not beneficial for fiber rich substrates. Based on the results, a reactor cascade consisting of a continuous stirred-tank reactor and an anaerobic filter with similar milieu conditions seems to be well suited for the digestion of organic wastes. Due to the extraordinary high process stability, flexibility and high load capacity this system is very suitable for the treatment of substrates with extremely varying compositions. Moreover, within the study essential basics for the application of innovative fermentation procedures (e.g. pressure fermentation) were investigated. The combined mechanical and enzymatic treatment of digestates seems to be an interesting alternative to the established substrate pretreatment systems and it can be recommended also for single-stage biogas plants.

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    Authors: Quartier Zukunft; Parodi, Oliver; Trenks, Helena; Waitz, Colette; +3 Authors

    Dein Quartier und Du ist ein Buch über das Forschen, Machen und Loslegen - in Richtung einer guten Zukunft für uns alle. Wir stellen vier Experimente vor, die Ideen verwirklicht haben und erzählen Geschichten über Gemeinschaft, Entschleunigung, Nachhaltigkeit und darüber, wie diese ganz konkret gelebt werden können. Das Buch schlägt eine Brücke zwischen der wissenschaftlichen Reallaborforschung und der Lebendigkeit derer, die bereits begonnen haben, etwas zu ändern.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
    Book . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
      Book . 2020
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    Authors: Iversen, Nicola (Universität Hamburg); Klopitzke, Carolin (Universität Hamburg); Marchlowitz, Felicitas (Universität Hamburg);

    Working Paper Series "Sustainable Lives - Food Choices" Project website Dieses Working Paper entstand als Projektbericht im Seminar „Nachhaltige Lebensführung. Ernährung“ (M.A. Soziologie) im Wintersemester 2018/2019 unter der Leitung von Stefanie Kley und Alicia Dunker.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
    Research . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
    Research . 2019
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    Research . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
      Research . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25592/uh...
      Research . 2019
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      B2FIND
      Research . 2019
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    Authors: Jörg Blankenbach; Jan Echterhoff; Johannes Pinnekamp;

    Urban drainage infrastructure has to adapt to challenges such as climate change, but also to trends such as population and settlement development. At the same time, the opportunities offered by digitization can be used to meet these challenges. In this thesis, therefore, two geoinformation-based models are developed, which use the advancing digitization to contribute to the adaptation of urban drainage to demographic and climate change. An important aspect of municipal flood protection are nature-oriented measures for the rainwater management as part of water-sensitive urban development. According to the recognized rules of technology, the overriding goal of rainwater management is to approximate the natural water balance. The estimate of this target value is difficult to determine. The potential offered by decentralized rainwater management measures to achieve or approach this target as well. One geoinformation-based model pursues these two goals. The first goal is the estimation of the water balance deficit. The second goal is a limitation of the potential measures for the best compensation of this deficit. For this purpose, structural, geological and hydrogeological restrictions are taken into account. The model works exclusively with geo-referenced data and thus offers direct localization of the results. Furthermore, the model combines the approach of the empirically determined water balance distribution functions of the DWA-A 102 and a GIS-based calculation. The advantages of this combination are the scaling of a selectable study area and the on the fly consideration of restrictions for the measures of decentralized rainwater management. The second geoinformation-based model is an artificial neural network (ANN) for calculating flood areas caused by heavy rain. The trained ANN is suitable for known areas, works in real time and substitute a conventional hydrodynamic model. Therefore, a supervised learning multi-layer feed-forward ANN was set up and trained. After that, it was then examined and assessed for its suitability. For the substitution of a hydrodynamic numerical model for calculation of flooding risks (flood areas or surface runoff) by an ANN, the ANN must 'learn' the hydrological processes of the conventional model. For this learning process, the ANN requires input values that essentially determine the hydrological processes (e.g. precipitation, digital elevation model, type of sealing, barriers and culverts, etc.). Moreover, the AAN requires target values. For the ANN, the target values are areas with a certain height water level caused by a precipitation event (flood areas with flood level). These target values were first calculated using a hydrodynamic numerical model.The developed model shows that ANNs are more suitable than conventional hydrodynamic numerical models for certain applications due to their computing speed. Even if the generalizability of the trained ANN to other model areas could not be successfully demonstrated, the ANN however was able to predict good results for a sufficiently known range of values.The biggest advantage of the ANN is the low computing time for predicting flood areas. In contrast to hydrodynamic numerical models, the ANN predicts flood areas with sufficient accuracy in a few seconds. The application possibilities of the developed model thus specialize in cases in which these strengths are indispensable. One indispensability is the prediction of flood area caused by spontaneously and spatially limited heavy rain. This indispensability is also a demand of the municipal flood protection. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2021). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2021 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2021
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2021
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    Authors: Droste-Franke, Bert;

    Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von vorhandenen Ansätzen, ein geschlossenes Konzept für die Berücksichtigung von Schäden durch die Schadstoffbelastung der Umwelt als Ergänzung von Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, sogenannten Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen (UGR), abzuleiten und dieses anhand der Umweltbelastung durch Luftschadstoffe und toxische Substanzen durchzuführen. Ausgehend von der Diskussion der beiden übergeordneten Ziele für eine umweltverträgliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit, werden zunächst Unterziele in Form von Prioritäten aufgestellt. Aus ihnen wird dann auf der Basis vorhandener Konzepte zu Indikatoren und UGR ein System von aggregierten Indikatoren entwickelt. Zur Berechnung der Indikatoren wird die Methodik des erweiterten Wirkungspfadansatzes vorgestellt. Neben der detaillierten Diskussion von Konzentrationswerten und Gesamtschäden für 1990 und 1998 erfolgt eine Analyse des zeitlichen und räumlichen Imports und Exports von Schäden sowie der Schäden, die durch unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in Deutschland entstehen. Zusätzlich werden mit Hilfe der Indikatoren die Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und die Effizienz definierter Umweltziele beispielhaft für das Jahr 2005 untersucht. Zur Demonstration der Anwendbarkeit der berechneten Ergebnisse im Rahmen von UGR werden unter anderem beispielhaft Korrekturen der Wirtschaftsindikatoren durchgeführt, wie sie von Projekten der Europäischen Kommission und Aktivitäten der Vereinten Nationen in diesem Bereich vorgeschlagen werden. Die ermittelten gesamten Schadenskosten für die Jahre 1990 und 1998 in den EU-15 Staaten und Deutschland betragen mehrere Prozent des jeweiligen Bruttoinlandsprodukts. Die Analyse des Jahres 2005 hat gezeigt, dass die politischen Ziele für 2010 größtenteils bereits in 2005 eingehalten werden können. In einigen Ländern sind effiziente Minderungen über die Einhaltung der Ziele hinaus möglich. ; The objective of this thesis is to develop a consistent concept ...

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    Authors: Reddig, Kevin;

    Der Erfolg der Photovoltaik in Deutschland und der Welt basiert derzeit auf der indirekten Subventionierung durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) und vergleichbare Instrumente in anderen Regionen. Auch unter der Prämisse, dass der derzeitige Gestehungspreis für konventionell erzeugte Elektrizität die realen Kosten, bedingt durch mögliche zukünftige Umweltschäden und Ressourcenknappheit, nur unzureichend widerspiegelt, sind weitere Kostensenkungen in der Produktion unabdingbar. Durch den hohen Kostenanteil der Wafer am Modul liegt in der Waferfertigung das größte Kostensenkungspotential. Die Vereinzelung feuchter Siliziumwafer ist aus Durchsatz- und Qualitätsaspekten ein wichtiger Schritt in der Fertigung. Durch die hohe Bruchgefahr bei der Handhabung von Wafern kann die Vereinzelung auch wesentlich zur Kostenreduktion beitragen. Die in Literatur und Patenten beschriebenen Verfahren sind derzeit noch nicht in einem ausgereiften Zustand, um die Vereinzelung von Wafern sicher und zuverlässig durchzuführen. Daher sind weitere Anstrengungen in Forschung und Entwicklung nötig, um die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Gleichzeitig muss das Verständnis über die Vorgänge bei der Vereinzelung sowie die Einflüsse auf den Wafer weiter vertieft werden. Insbesondere das Schädigungspotential der Vereinzelung auf den Wafer bestimmt die Auslegung eines solchen Systems in besonderem Maße. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert zunächst die Ausgangssituation in der derzeitigen Waferproduktion. Die Umgebung in der Waferproduktion ist geprägt durch eine Vielzahl von Einflüssen, besonders durch flüssige Betriebsstoffe wie der Slurry oder auch den Reinigungsmedien. Die zu vereinzelnden Wafer sind fragile und spröde Substrate welche in dieser Umgebung verarbeitet werden müssen. Entsprechend vielseitig ist der derzeitige Stand der Technik zur Vereinzelung, welcher größtenteils in Patentschriften beschrieben ist. Zur weiteren Entwicklung eines Vereinzelungsverfahrens wird die Aufgabe weiter analysiert. Durch ...

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ OPUS - Publication ...arrow_drop_down
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