• Energy Research
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AbstractWe measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) stable isotopes (813CDIC in ‰) of brine from an observation well within the first aquifer above the CO2 reservoir at the Ketzin pilot site, to test weather these can detect potential CO2 leakage. The monitoring revealed that DIC concentrations and 813CDIC values were masked by the used high alkaline drilling mud, even eight months after well development. However, subsequent changes in 813CDIC and DIC from of -27 ‰ and 165mg L−1 to -23.5 ‰ and 116mg L−1 reflect most likely a shift towards pristine values of the aquifer.

Abstract To improve food security a conceptual integration beyond the scope of production in the agricultural sector due to examination of critical supply chain system compartments and levels of services (“integrated food production and supply systems”) is proposed. For creating systematic results, a platform integrating various perspectives of experts has been established following the principle of triple helix stakeholdership (business practice, public management/policy and also science). During a series of workshops, the main actors, success factors, challenges and communication strategies have been identified for shaping sustainable food supply chains under use of systems thinking and the application of Participatory Systems mapping (PSM). In this line, the paper presents how “system maps” based on the method of PSM are used to gain insights into sustainable logistics services facilitating sustainable consumption patterns, enabling participatory considerations and the productive exchange of knowledge.

AbstractCurrent world-wide scientific activities addressing geological CO2 storage highlight one question of utmost importance for the general feasibility of CO2 storage in saline aquifers: What is the risk for freshwater reservoirs by potential upward brine migration as a result of pressure elevation in the storage formations? A vertical 1D model from reservoir depth to the surface was applied of a prospective storage site in the North German Basin to study the sealing capacity of a multi barrier system. Results emphasize that saltwater does not reach into the groundwater resources through intact caprocks.

Disposal of food and drink wastes, including packaging wastes, has a significant cost and environmental impact. All carbon containing wastes have an energy potential and the food industry should focus on recovering that energy to offset their reliance on fossil-fuel derived energy sources. This paper focuses on the novel use of intermediate pyrolysis for decarbonizing the food chain, through the treatment of food and packaging waste, to recover energy. The TCR is a versatile technology which overcomes many of the traditional problems associated with fast pyrolysis and can thermo-chemically convert a range of different feedstocks, including inaccessible lignin and some inorganic, recalcitrant materials. The feedstocks are converted into new fuel sources; char, bio-oil (thermally stable) and permanent gases, for further electrical and heat generation. Ultimately with the use of the TCR technology, the food production industry could look to using decentralized power generation located on-site of large food processing facilities to optimize their energy efficiencies.

AbstractSamples of differently heat treated high alloyed stainless injection-pipe steels AISI 420 X46Cr13, AISI 420J X20Cr13 as well as X5CrNiCuNb16-4 AISI 630 were kept at T=60°C and ambient pressure as well as p=100bar for 700h - 8000h in a CO2- saturated synthetic aquifer environment similar to possible geological on-shore CCS-sites in the northern German Basin. Corrosion rates and scale growth are lowest after long term exposure for steels hardened and tempered at 600 to 670°C and pits - indicating local corrosion- decrease in diameter but increase in number as a function of carbon content of the steel. Martensitic microstructure is preferred with respect to this particular CCS-site.

AbstractThis study characterized the composition and activity of the autochthonous microbial community in formation fluids of a saline CO2 storage aquifer during CO2 injection and during an N2 lift. The clean-up of the wells prior CO2 injection by N2 lift decreased the total microbial cell numbers, and the number of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was reduced by at least two orders of magnitude. Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation (FISH) and molecular fingerprinting demonstrated that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the CO2 injection. Before CO2 arrival, up to 106 cells ml-1 were detected by DAPI-staining at a depth of 647 m below the surface. The microbial community was dominated by fermentative halophilic bacteria and sulphate reducing bacteria. Both the FISH and fingerprinting analyses revealed quantitative and qualitative changes after CO2 arrival. An enhanced activity and quantity of the microbial population after five months of CO2 storage indicated that the community was able to adapt to the extreme conditions of the deep biosphere and to the extreme changes of these anthropogenically modified conditions.

AbstractThis paper presents non-isothermal effects on disposal of carbon dioxide into a saline aquifer. Carbon dioxide storage in the subsurface could be an important part of the present climate control initiative to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere. Layer of water-bearing permeable rock is assumed as a saturated porous medium, and the contained water can be replaced by compressed carbon dioxide. In such environment, water vapor flow can be developed from the thermal gradient caused by geothermal energy. High injection pressure is required to remove the fluid already present in the pores of solid skeleton hence accurate density calculation is important. So we use an extended ideal gas law to calculate the compressed carbon dioxide gas density. Temperature dependent entry pressure is accounting the surface tension and wetting angle role on the sorption equilibrium. Governing equations for numerical simulations are: mass balance equations for each component, i.e., water, vapor and carbon dioxide; energy balance equation. We have used a combined monolithic and staggered coupling scheme to solve these equations numerically using an automatic time stepping scheme. The numerical model is implemented into an open source in-house scientific finite element code allowing for simulations of applications in various geotechnical areas.

AbstractModelling CO2 storage in saline aquifers on a reservoir scale, for example, for feasibility studies and risk analyses is very demanding with respect to computational cost due to the complex geometries that need to be described and due to the diversity of interacting hydraulic, thermal, mechanical, and geochemical processes. In most cases it is not necessary to be able to describe all these processes for the whole simulation time period or for the entire model domain. Within this paper it is outlined how model coupling could help in reducing the model complexity and increasing model efficiency while the relevant processes are still taken into account. Since the work on this topic is at an early stage, this paper is restricted to a discussion of coupling concepts.